#590 add explanation for caching pattern

2021-03-28 12:49:11 +03:00
692 changed files with 7323 additions and 25626 deletions
--- a/.all-contributorsrc
+++ b/.all-contributorsrc
@ -16,17 +16,6 @@
        "content"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ohbus",
      "name": "Subhrodip Mohanta",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4",
      "profile": "http://subho.xyz",
      "contributions": [
        "code",
        "review",
        "maintenance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "amit1307",
      "name": "amit1307",
@ -1136,6 +1125,16 @@
        "ideas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ohbus",
      "name": "Subhrodip Mohanta",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4",
      "profile": "http://subho.xyz",
      "contributions": [
        "code",
        "review"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "nahteb",
      "name": "Bethan Palmer",
@ -1451,362 +1450,9 @@
        "review",
        "code"
      ]
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      "name": "Elvys Soares",
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      "profile": "https://github.com/yuhangbin",
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      "login": "Leisterbecker",
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      "profile": "http://rosaecrucis.cn",
      "contributions": [
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      "login": "ShivanshCharak",
      "name": "ShivanshCharak",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/96943825?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/ShivanshCharak",
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      "profile": "https://github.com/HattoriHenzo",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    }
  ],
-  "contributorsPerLine": 7,
+  "contributorsPerLine": 4,
  "projectName": "java-design-patterns",
  "projectOwner": "iluwatar",
  "repoType": "github",
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
@ -24,9 +24,6 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 # We are using two jobs here for testing our code on the latest JDK 11 build as well as a more satble build version of 11.0.3
 # You can see the full discussion here https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pull/1868#issue-1029459688
 name: Java CI
 on:
@ -36,34 +33,38 @@ on:
 jobs:
-  # This Workflow Job will build this project and run Sonar analysis using JDK 11.0.3
+  build:
  build-and-analyze:
    name: Build and Run Sonar analysis on JDK 11.0.3
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@master
      with:
        # Disabling shallow clone for improving relevancy of SonarQube reporting
        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Set up JDK 11.0.3
+    - name: Set up JDK 11
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-java@master
      with:
-        java-version: 11.0.3
+        java-version: 11
        distribution: 'zulu'
        cache: 'maven'
    # Cache Sonar packages which as used to run anaylysis and collect metrics
    - name: Cache SonarCloud packages
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      uses: actions/cache@master
      with:
        path: ~/.sonar/cache
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
    - name: Cache Maven dependencies
      uses: actions/cache@master
      with:
        path: ~/.m2/repository
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
      run: sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
@ -74,28 +75,3 @@ jobs:
        # These two env variables are needed for sonar analysis
        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}
  # This Workflow Job is going to build the project on the latest stable JDK 11
  build:
    name: Build and Test on JDK 11
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up JDK 11 (Latest)
      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
      with:
        java-version: 11
        distribution: 'zulu'
        cache: 'maven'
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
      run: sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
    - name: Build with Maven
      run: xvfb-run ./mvnw clean verify
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
@ -34,22 +34,24 @@ on:
 jobs:
  build:
    name: Build JDP
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    strategy:
+
      matrix:
        java-version: [ 11.0.3, 11 ]
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@master
-    - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.java-version }}
+    - name: Set up JDK 11
-      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-java@master
      with:
-        java-version: ${{ matrix.java-version }}
+        java-version: 11
-        distribution: 'zulu'
+    
-        cache: 'maven'
+    - name: Cache Maven Dependecies
      uses: actions/cache@master
      with:
        path: ~/.m2/repository
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ tmp/
 local.properties
 .loadpath
 .recommenders
 .DS_Store
 #######  Java annotation processor (APT) ########
 .factorypath
--- a/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+++ b/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
-# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+#
-# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# The MIT License
-# distributed with this work for additional information
+# Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
-# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+#
-# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-# 
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# 
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+#
-# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+#
-# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# under the License.
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.8.4/apache-maven-3.8.4-bin.zip
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 # THE SOFTWARE.
 #
 distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.6.3/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip
 wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/takari/maven-wrapper/0.5.6/maven-wrapper-0.5.6.jar
--- a/LICENSE.md
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
-Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@ -19,6 +19,3 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
 Module Model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework
 ZK framework is licensed under LGPL and the license can be found at lgpl-3.0.txt
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -6,22 +6,22 @@
 ![Java CI](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/workflows/Java%20CI/badge.svg)
 [![License MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/master/LICENSE.md)
-[![Lines of Code](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=ncloc)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
+[![Lines of Code](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=ncloc)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns) 
 [![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-198-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
+[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-159-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
 <br/>
-Read in different language : [**zh**](localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](localization/es/README.md), [**pt**](localization/pt/README.md), [**id**](localization/id/README.md), [**ru**](localization/ru/README.md), [**de**](localization/de/README.md), [**ja**](localization/ja/README.md)
+Read in different language : [![CN](/assets/flags/CN.png)**CN**](/zh/README.md), [![KR](/assets/flags/KR.png)**KR**](/ko/README.md), [![FR](/assets/flags/FR.png)**FR**](/fr/README.md), [![TR](/assets/flags/TR.png)**TR**](/tr/README.md), [![AR](/assets/flags/AR.png)**AR**](/ar/README.md)
 <br/>
 # Introduction
-Design patterns are the best, formalized practices a programmer can use to
+Design patterns are the best formalized practices a programmer can use to
 solve common problems when designing an application or system.
 Design patterns can speed up the development process by providing tested, proven
@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ are familiar with the patterns.
 # Getting started
 This site showcases Java Design Patterns. The solutions have been developed by
-experienced programmers and architects from the open-source community. The
+experienced programmers and architects from the open source community. The 
-patterns can be browsed by their high-level descriptions or by looking at their
+patterns can be browsed by their high level descriptions or by looking at their
-source code. The source code examples are well commented and can be thought of as
+source code. The source code examples are well commented and can be thought as
 programming tutorials on how to implement a specific pattern. We use the most
-popular battle-proven open-source Java technologies.
+popular battle-proven open source Java technologies.
 Before you dive into the material, you should be familiar with various
 [Software Design Principles](https://java-design-patterns.com/principles/).
@ -49,20 +49,20 @@ patterns should only be introduced when they are needed for practical
 extensibility.
 Once you are familiar with these concepts you can start drilling down into the
-[available design patterns](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) by any
+[available design patterns](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) by any 
 of the following approaches
 - Search for a specific pattern by name. Can't find one? Please report a new pattern [here](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/issues).
 - Using tags such as `Performance`, `Gang of Four` or `Data access`.
 - Using pattern categories, `Creational`, `Behavioral`, and others.
-Hopefully, you find the object-oriented solutions presented on this site useful
+Hopefully you find the object oriented solutions presented on this site useful
-in your architectures and have as much fun learning them as we had while developing them.
+in your architectures and have as much fun learning them as we had developing them.
 # How to contribute
-If you are willing to contribute to the project you will find the relevant information in
+If you are willing to contribute to the project you will find the relevant information in 
-our [developer wiki](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). We will help
+our [developer wiki](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). We will help 
 you and answer your questions in the [Gitter chatroom](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns).
 # License
@ -77,26 +77,29 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
 <table>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/582346?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ilkka Seppälä</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#projectManagement-iluwatar" title="Project Management">📆</a> <a href="#maintenance-iluwatar" title="Maintenance">🚧</a> <a href="#content-iluwatar" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit1307"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/23420222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>amit1307</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit1307" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npathai"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1792515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Narendra Pathai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npathai" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-npathai" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Anpathai" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fluxw42"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1545460?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeroen Meulemeester</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fluxw42" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.joemccarthy.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4526195?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joseph McCarthy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mikulucky" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thomasoss"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22516154?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=thomasoss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.joemccarthy.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4526195?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joseph McCarthy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mikulucky" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thomasoss"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22516154?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=thomasoss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anuragagarwal561994"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6075379?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anuragagarwal561994" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://markusmo3.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3317416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Markus Moser</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#design-markusmo3" title="Design">🎨</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=markusmo3" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-markusmo3" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/i_sabiq"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/19510920?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sabiq Ihab</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=isabiq" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://inbravo.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5253764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Dixit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=inbravo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/piyushchaudhari04"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10268029?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Piyush Kailash Chaudhari</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=piyushchaudhari04" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/joshzambales"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8704552?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>joshzambales</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joshzambales" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Crossy147"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7272996?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kamil Pietruszka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Crossy147" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Crossy147"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7272996?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kamil Pietruszka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Crossy147" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://cs.joensuu.fi/~zkhayda"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/660742?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zafar Khaydarov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://kemitix.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1147749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paul Campbell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kemitix" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Argyro-Sioziou"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22822639?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Argyro Sioziou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Argyro-Sioziou" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/TylerMcConville"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4946449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>TylerMcConville</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=TylerMcConville" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/saksham93"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/37399540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>saksham93</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=saksham93" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nikhilbarar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/37332144?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nikhilbarar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nikhilbarar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -107,32 +110,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuhoKang"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/4745294?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juho Kang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JuhoKang" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dheeraj-mummareddy"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7002230?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dheeraj Mummareddy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dheeraj-mummareddy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.bernardosulzbach.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8271090?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bernardo Sulzbach</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=bernardosulzbach" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/4lexis"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/19871727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aleksandar Dudukovic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=4lexis" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.yusufaytas.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1049483?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yusuf Aytaş</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yusufaytas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://futurehomes.hu"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1001491?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mihály Kuprivecz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qpi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kapinuss"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17639945?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stanislav Kapinus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kapinuss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kapinuss"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17639945?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stanislav Kapinus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kapinuss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gvsharma"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6648152?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>GVSharma</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gvsharma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/SrdjanPaunovic"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22815104?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Srđan Paunović</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=SrdjanPaunovic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://sideris.xyz/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5484694?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Petros G. Sideris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sideris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/pramodgupta3/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2184241?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pramod Gupta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AIAmPramod" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://theerroris.me"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1685953?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wes Gilleland</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Deathnerd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Harshrajsinh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22811531?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshraj Thakor</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Harshrajsinh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MaVdbussche"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/26136934?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martin Vandenbussche</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MaVdbussche" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://alexsomai.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5720977?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexandru Somai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=alexsomai" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amogozov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7372215?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Artur Mogozov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amogozov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anthonycampbell"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10249255?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>anthony</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anthonycampbell" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://ccygnus.com/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9342724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Cygnus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christophercolumbusdog" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://ccygnus.com/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9342724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Cygnus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christophercolumbusdog" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://about.me/dzmitryh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5390492?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dima Gubin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dzmitryh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jjjimenez100"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/22243493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joshua Jimenez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jjjimenez100" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://about.me/kaiwinter"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/110982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kai Winter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kaiwinter" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lbroman"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/86007?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lbroman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=lbroman" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://przemeknowak.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3254609?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Przemek</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pnowy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/prafful1"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14350274?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Prafful Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-prafful1" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
@ -143,32 +152,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/valdar-hu"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/17962817?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Krisztián Nagy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=valdar-hu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.vanogrid.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4307918?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexander Ivanov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vanogrid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/yosfik"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4850270?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yosfik Alqadri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yosfik" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/7agustibm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8149332?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Agustí Becerra Milà</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=7agustibm" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Juaanma"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7390500?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Suárez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Juaanma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.devsedge.net/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9956006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Luigi Cortese</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=LuigiCortese" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Rzeposlaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18425745?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katarzyna Rzepecka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Rzeposlaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Rzeposlaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18425745?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katarzyna Rzepecka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Rzeposlaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://adamski.pro"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6537430?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>adamski.pro</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=akrystian" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/baislsl"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17060584?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shengli Bai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=baislsl" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/besok"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/29834592?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=besok" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dmitraver"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1798156?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dmitry Avershin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dmitraver" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fanofxiaofeng"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3983683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>靳阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fanofxiaofeng" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoangnam2261"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/31692990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hoangnam2261</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoangnam2261" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fanofxiaofeng"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3983683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>靳阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fanofxiaofeng" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoangnam2261"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/31692990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hoangnam2261</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoangnam2261" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jarpit96"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10098713?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Arpit Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jarpit96" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://joningi.net"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6115148?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jón Ingi Sveinbjörnsson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joningiwork" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kirill-vlasov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16112495?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kirill Vlasov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kirill-vlasov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://mitchell-irvin.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16233245?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mitchell Irvin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mitchellirvin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://ranjeet-floyd.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1992972?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ranjeet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ranjeet-floyd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://alwayswithme.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3234786?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>PhoenixYip</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Alwayswithme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MSaifAsif"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6280554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>M Saif Asif</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MSaifAsif" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MSaifAsif"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6280554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>M Saif Asif</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MSaifAsif" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kanwarpreet25"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/39183641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>kanwarpreet25</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kanwarpreet25" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://leonmak.me"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13071508?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leon Mak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leonmak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.wramdemark.se"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7052193?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Per Wramdemark</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=perwramdemark" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/waisuan"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10975700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Evan Sia Wai Suan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=waisuan" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AnaghaSasikumar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/42939261?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AnaghaSasikumar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AnaghaSasikumar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://christofferh.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/767643?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoffer Hamberg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christofferh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -179,32 +194,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/leogtzr"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1211969?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leo Gutiérrez Ramírez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leogtzr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npczwh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14066422?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zhang WH</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npczwh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/oconnelc"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1112973?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christopher O'Connell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=oconnelc" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/giorgosmav21"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22855493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Mavroeidis</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=giorgosmav21" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hbothra15"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7418012?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hemant Bothra</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hbothra15" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#design-hbothra15" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.kevinpeters.net/about/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12736734?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kevin Peters</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=igeligel" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://llorllale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2019896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Aristy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=llorllale" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://llorllale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2019896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Aristy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=llorllale" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mookkiah"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8975264?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mahendran Mookkiah</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mookkiah" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Azureyjt"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18476317?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Azureyjt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Azureyjt" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vehpsr"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3133265?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vehpsr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ThatGuyWithTheHat"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/24470582?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ThatGuyWithTheHat" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopinathlangote/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10210778?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gopinath Langote</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gopinath-langote" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoswey"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3689445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hoswey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoswey" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopinathlangote/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10210778?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gopinath Langote</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gopinath-langote" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoswey"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3689445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hoswey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoswey" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit2103"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7566692?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Pandey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit2103" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gwildor28"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16000365?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gwildor28</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gwildor28" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://t.me/paul_docker"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2404785?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>田浩</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-llitfkitfk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/StPitsios"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6773603?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stamatis Pitsios</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pitsios-s" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/qza"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/233149?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>qza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://tschis.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/20662669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rodolfo Forte</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Tschis" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ankurkaushal"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/2236616?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ankur Kaushal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ankurkaushal" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ankurkaushal"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/2236616?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ankur Kaushal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ankurkaushal" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ovidijus-okinskas/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20372387?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ovidijus Okinskas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=okinskas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/robertt240"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9137432?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Robert Kasperczyk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=robertt240" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/trautonen"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1641063?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tapio Rautonen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=trautonen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="http://vk.com/yuri.orlov"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1595733?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yuri Orlov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yorlov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunu28/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7676016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Varun Upadhyay</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=varunu28" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/PalAditya"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/25523604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aditya Pal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=PalAditya" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -215,41 +236,50 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/d4gg4d"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/99457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sami Airaksinen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=d4gg4d" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vertti"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/557751?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Janne Sinivirta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vertti" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Bobo1239"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2302947?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris-Chengbiao Zhou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Bobo1239" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://jahhein.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10779515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jacob Hein</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jahhein" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iamrichardjones"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/14842151?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Richard Jones</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-iamrichardjones" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://rachelcarmena.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22792183?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rachel M. Carmena</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-rachelcarmena" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://zd-zero.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/21978370?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zaerald Denze Lungos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-zd-zero" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://zd-zero.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/21978370?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zaerald Denze Lungos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-zd-zero" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://webpro.nl"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/456426?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lars Kappert</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-webpro" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xiaod.info"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/21277644?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mike Liu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-xiaod-dev" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/charlesfinley"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6307904?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Dolan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=charlesfinley" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Acharlesfinley" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MananS77"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/21033516?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Manan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AMananS77" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ravening"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10645273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakesh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ravening" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aravening" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vINCENT8888801"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8037883?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wei Seng</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vINCENT8888801" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashish-trivedi-218379135/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23194128?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ashish Trivedi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ashishtrivedi16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://rayyounghong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/41055099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>洪月阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=RayYH" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xdvrx1.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47092464?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xdvrx1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Axdvrx1" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#ideas-xdvrx1" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.edycutjong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1098102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Edy Cu Tjong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=edycutjong" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mkrzywanski"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/15279585?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Michał Krzywański</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mkrzywanski" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.stefan-birkner.de"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/711349?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Birkner</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=stefanbirkner" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fedorskvorcov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/43882212?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fedor Skvorcov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fedorskvorcov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/samilAyoub"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/61546990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>samilAyoub</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samilAyoub" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vdlald"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29997701?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vladislav Golubinov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vdlald" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://christophflick.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4465376?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoph Flick</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ChFlick" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Ascenio"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7662016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ascênio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAscenio" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/domenico-sibilio/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/24280982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Domenico Sibilio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dsibilio" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/akashchandwani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3483277?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Akash Chandwani</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aakashchandwani" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/manannikov"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7019769?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pavlo Manannikov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=manannikov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eimanip"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20307301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Eiman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eimanip" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -260,76 +290,29 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gkulkarni2020"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5161548?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Girish Kulkarni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gkulkarni2020" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/omk13"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/59054172?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Omar Karazoun</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=omk13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jeff303"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3521562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeff Evans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jeff303" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://viveksb007.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12713808?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=viveksb007" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siavashsoleymani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18074419?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>siavash</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=siavashsoleymani" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ruchpeanuts"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29301900?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ruchpeanuts</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ruchpeanuts" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://libkhadir.fr"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/45130488?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>KHADIR Tayeb</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-tkhadir" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ignite1771"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/59446563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ignite1771</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ignite1771" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/demirhalil"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22895118?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Halil Demir</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-demirhalil" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/rohit10000"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20845565?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohit Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=rohit10000" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/richardmr36"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19147333?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martel Richard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=richardmr36" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/va1m"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17025445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>va1m</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=va1m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/noamgrinch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31648669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Noam Greenshtain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=noamgrinch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xuyonghong.cn/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14086462?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>yonghong Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qfxl" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jinisha-vora"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40777762?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>jinishavora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Ajinishavora" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jinishavora" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eas5"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Elvys Soares</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eas5" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/STudio26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-STudio26" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>VR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=DEV-VRUPER" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JackieNim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4138836?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JackieNim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JackieNim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/EdisonE3"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52118917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>EdisonE3</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=EdisonE3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tao-sun2"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tao-sun2" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuanManuelAbate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16357060?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Abate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JuanManuelAbate" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Xenilo137"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Xenilo137</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Xenilo137" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Samuel Souza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samuelpsouza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/marlo2222"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Marlo Henrique</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-marlo2222" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AndriyPyzh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AndriyPyzh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AndriyPyzh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/karthikbhat13"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>karthikbhat13</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=karthikbhat13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mortezaadi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Morteza Adigozalpour</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mortezaadi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/308565/nagaraj-tantri"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3784194?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nagaraj Tantri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tan31989" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://scuccimarri.it"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7107651?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Francesco Scuccimarri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=frascu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Conhan93"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71334757?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Conny Hansson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Conhan93" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://muklasr.medium.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43443753?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Muklas Rahmanto</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-muklasr" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/VxDxK"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38704817?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vadim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-VxDxK" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sims-keshri"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62168475?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Simran Keshri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sims-keshri" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://programacionymas.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3101238?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JCarlos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JCarlosR" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.mrmoshkel.ir"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60359433?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ali Ghasemi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Dev-AliGhasemi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://carlfx.wordpress.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1594624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Carl Dea</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=carldea" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Mozartuss"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32893711?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mozartus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Mozartuss" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ManviGoel26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55682355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Manvi Goel</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ManviGoel26" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/blueberry404"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39243539?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anum Amin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=blueberry404" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://uh-zz.github.io/blog/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47747828?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Reo Uehara</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-uh-zz" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Fiordy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53420573?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fiordy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Fiordy" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/harshalkh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37841724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=harshalkh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/abhinav-vashisth-06613b208/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/89785800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Abhinav Vashisth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vashisthabhinav" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://no website"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47126749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kevin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AKevinyl3" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Kevinyl3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Shrirang97"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28738668?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shrirang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AShrirang97" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Shrirang97" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/interactwithankush"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18613127?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>interactwithankush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=interactwithankush" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/yuhangbin"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17566866?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>CharlieYu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yuhangbin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Leisterbecker"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20650323?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leisterbecker</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Leisterbecker" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://rosaecrucis.cn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35420129?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>DragonDreamer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=castleKing1997" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ShivanshCharak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/96943825?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ShivanshCharak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ShivanshCharak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/HattoriHenzo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5141285?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>HattoriHenzo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=HattoriHenzo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
--- a/abstract-document/README.md
+++ b/abstract-document/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Abstract Document
 folder: abstract-document
 permalink: /patterns/abstract-document/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags: 
 - Extensibility
 ---
--- a/abstract-document/pom.xml
+++ b/abstract-document/pom.xml
@ -23,40 +23,42 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  <parent>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <dependencies>
+	</parent>
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractdocument.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractdocument.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/abstract-factory/README.md
+++ b/abstract-factory/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Abstract Factory
 folder: abstract-factory
 permalink: /patterns/abstract-factory/
 categories: Creational
 language: en
 tags:
 - Gang of Four
 ---
@ -20,9 +19,9 @@ objects without specifying their concrete classes.
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
-> To create a kingdom we need objects with a common theme. The elven kingdom needs an elven king, elven castle, and elven army whereas the orcish kingdom needs an orcish king, orcish castle, and orcish army. There is a dependency between the objects in the kingdom.
+> To create a kingdom we need objects with a common theme. Elven kingdom needs an Elven king, Elven castle and Elven army whereas Orcish kingdom needs an Orcish king, Orcish castle and Orcish army. There is a dependency between the objects in the kingdom.
 In plain words
@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 **Programmatic Example**
-Translating the kingdom example above. First of all, we have some interfaces and implementation for the objects in the 
+Translating the kingdom example above. First of all we have some interfaces and implementation for the objects in the 
 kingdom.
 ```java
@ -52,21 +51,21 @@ public interface Army {
 // Elven implementations ->
 public class ElfCastle implements Castle {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven castle!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    return DESCRIPTION;
  }
 }
 public class ElfKing implements King {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven king!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    return DESCRIPTION;
  }
 }
 public class ElfArmy implements Army {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven Army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven Army!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    return DESCRIPTION;
@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ public class ElfArmy implements Army {
 ```
-Then we have the abstraction and implementations for the kingdom factory.
+Then we have the abstraction and implementations for the kingdom factory
 ```java
 public interface KingdomFactory {
@ -87,43 +86,31 @@ public interface KingdomFactory {
 }
 public class ElfKingdomFactory implements KingdomFactory {
  @Override
  public Castle createCastle() {
    return new ElfCastle();
  }
  @Override
  public King createKing() {
    return new ElfKing();
  }
  @Override
  public Army createArmy() {
    return new ElfArmy();
  }
 }
 public class OrcKingdomFactory implements KingdomFactory {
  @Override
  public Castle createCastle() {
    return new OrcCastle();
  }
  @Override
  public King createKing() {
    return new OrcKing();
  }
  @Override
  public Army createArmy() {
    return new OrcArmy();
  }
 }
 ```
-Now we have the abstract factory that lets us make a family of related objects i.e. elven kingdom factory creates elven castle, king and army, etc.
+Now we have our abstract factory that lets us make family of related objects i.e. Elven kingdom factory creates Elven castle, king and army etc.
 ```java
 var factory = new ElfKingdomFactory();
@ -139,13 +126,13 @@ army.getDescription();
 Program output:
 ```java
-This is the elven castle!
+This is the Elven castle!
-This is the elven king!
+This is the Elven king!
-This is the elven Army!
+This is the Elven Army!
 ```
-Now, we can design a factory for our different kingdom factories. In this example, we created `FactoryMaker`, responsible for returning an instance of either `ElfKingdomFactory` or `OrcKingdomFactory`.  
+Now, we can design a factory for our different kingdom factories. In this example, we created FactoryMaker, responsible for returning an instance of either ElfKingdomFactory or OrcKingdomFactory.  
-The client can use `FactoryMaker` to create the desired concrete factory which, in turn, will produce different concrete objects (derived from `Army`, `King`, `Castle`).  
+The client can use FactoryMaker to create the desired concrete factory which, in turn, will produce different concrete objects (Army, King, Castle).  
 In this example, we also used an enum to parameterize which type of kingdom factory the client will ask for.
 ```java
@ -191,8 +178,8 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
 Use the Abstract Factory pattern when
-* The system should be independent of how its products are created, composed, and represented
+* The system should be independent of how its products are created, composed and represented
-* The system should be configured with one of the multiple families of products
+* The system should be configured with one of multiple families of products
 * The family of related product objects is designed to be used together, and you need to enforce this constraint
 * You want to provide a class library of products, and you want to reveal just their interfaces, not their implementations
 * The lifetime of the dependency is conceptually shorter than the lifetime of the consumer.
@ -208,13 +195,13 @@ Example use cases
 * Unit test case writing becomes much easier
 * UI tools for different OS
-## Consequences
+## Consequences:
 * Dependency injection in java hides the service class dependencies that can lead to runtime errors that would have been caught at compile time.
 * While the pattern is great when creating predefined objects, adding the new ones might be challenging.
-* The code becomes more complicated than it should be since a lot of new interfaces and classes are introduced along with the pattern.
+* The code becomes more complicated than it should be, since a lot of new interfaces and classes are introduced along with the pattern.
-## Tutorials
+## Tutorial
 * [Abstract Factory Pattern Tutorial](https://www.journaldev.com/1418/abstract-factory-design-pattern-in-java) 
--- a/abstract-factory/pom.xml
+++ b/abstract-factory/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,40 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractfactory.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractfactory.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/App.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/App.java
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 *
 * <p>The essence of the Abstract Factory pattern is a factory interface ({@link KingdomFactory})
 * and its implementations ( {@link ElfKingdomFactory}, {@link OrcKingdomFactory}). The example uses
- * both concrete implementations to create a king, a castle, and an army.
+ * both concrete implementations to create a king, a castle and an army.
 */
@Slf4j
 public class App implements Runnable {
@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ public class App implements Runnable {
  @Override
  public void run() {
-    LOGGER.info("elf kingdom");
+    LOGGER.info("Elf Kingdom");
    createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
    LOGGER.info(kingdom.getArmy().getDescription());
    LOGGER.info(kingdom.getCastle().getDescription());
    LOGGER.info(kingdom.getKing().getDescription());
-    LOGGER.info("orc kingdom");
+    LOGGER.info("Orc Kingdom");
    createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ORC);
    LOGGER.info(kingdom.getArmy().getDescription());
    LOGGER.info(kingdom.getCastle().getDescription());
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfArmy.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfArmy.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class ElfArmy implements Army {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven Army!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfCastle.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfCastle.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class ElfCastle implements Castle {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven castle!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfKing.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfKing.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class ElfKing implements King {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven king!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcArmy.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcArmy.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class OrcArmy implements Army {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc Army!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcCastle.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcCastle.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class OrcCastle implements Castle {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc castle!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcKing.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcKing.java
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
 */
 public class OrcKing implements King {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc king!";
  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
--- a/abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AbstractFactoryTest.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AbstractFactoryTest.java
@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 /**
- * Tests for abstract factory.
+ * Test for abstract factory.
 */
 class AbstractFactoryTest {
  private final App app = new App();
  @Test
-  void verifyKingCreation() {
+  void king() {
    app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
    final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
  }
  @Test
-  void verifyCastleCreation() {
+  void castle() {
    app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
    final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
  }
  @Test
-  void verifyArmyCreation() {
+  void army() {
    app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
    final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
  }
  @Test
-  void verifyElfKingdomCreation() {
+  void createElfKingdom() {
    app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
    final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
  }
  @Test
-  void verifyOrcKingdomCreation() {
+  void createOrcKingdom() {
    app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ORC);
    final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
--- a/abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AppTest.java
+++ b/abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AppTest.java
@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 /**
- * Check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App} throws an exception.
+ * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
 *
 * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
 * throws an exception.
 */
 class AppTest {
--- a/active-object/README.md
+++ b/active-object/README.md
@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ title: Active Object
 folder: active-object
 permalink: /patterns/active-object/
 categories: Concurrency
 language: en
 tags:
 - Performance
 ---
 ## Intent
-The active object design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation for objects that each reside in their thread of control. The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation, and a scheduler for handling requests.
+The active object design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation for objects that each reside in their thread of control. The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests.
 ## Explanation
@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ public abstract class ActiveCreature{
    requests.put(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() { 
-          logger.info("{} has started to roam the wastelands.",name());
+          logger.info("{} has started to roam and the wastelands.",name());
        }
      }
    );
@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ public abstract class ActiveCreature{
 }
 ```
-We can see that any class that will extend the ActiveCreature class will have its own thread of control to invoke and execute methods.
+We can see that any class that will extend the ActiveCreature class will have its own thread of control to execute and invocate methods.
 For example, the Orc class:
@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ public class Orc extends ActiveCreature {
 }
 ```
-Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam, and they will execute it on their own thread of control:
+Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam and they will execute it on their own thread of control:
 ```java
  public static void main(String[] args) {  
@ -123,8 +122,4 @@ Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam, a
 ## Class diagram
-![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.png "Active Object class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.PNG "Active Object class diagram")
 ## Tutorials
 * [Android and Java Concurrency: The Active Object Pattern](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd8t2u5Qmvc)
--- a/active-object/etc/active-object.urm.PNG
+++ b/active-object/etc/active-object.urm.PNG
--- a/active-object/pom.xml
+++ b/active-object/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,40 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.activeobject.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.activeobject.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/active-object/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/activeobject/ActiveCreature.java
+++ b/active-object/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/activeobject/ActiveCreature.java
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public abstract class ActiveCreature {
  }
  /**
-   * Roam the wastelands.
+   * Roam in the wastelands.
   * @throws InterruptedException due to firing a new Runnable.
   */
  public void roam() throws InterruptedException {
--- a/acyclic-visitor/README.md
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Acyclic Visitor
 folder: acyclic-visitor
 permalink: /patterns/acyclic-visitor/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: en
 tags:
 - Extensibility
 ---
@ -138,10 +137,6 @@ This pattern can be used:
 * When the visited class hierarchy will be frequently extended with new derivatives of the Element class.
 * When the recompilation, relinking, retesting or redistribution of the derivatives of Element is very expensive.
 ## Tutorial
 * [Acyclic Visitor Pattern Example](https://codecrafter.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-acyclic-visitor-pattern.html)
 ## Consequences
 The good:
--- a/acyclic-visitor/pom.xml
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,47 +22,53 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  <parent>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <properties>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+	</parent>
-    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
+
-    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
+	<artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>
-  </properties>
+
-  <dependencies>
+	<properties>
-    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.assertj/assertj-core -->
+		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
-    <dependency>
+		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
-      <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
-      <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+	</properties>
-      <version>3.9.1</version>
+
-      <scope>test</scope>
+	<dependencies>
-    </dependency>
+		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.assertj/assertj-core -->
-    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/uk.org.lidalia/slf4j-test -->
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
-      <groupId>uk.org.lidalia</groupId>
+			<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>slf4j-test</artifactId>
+			<version>3.9.1</version>
-      <version>1.2.0</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/uk.org.lidalia/slf4j-test -->
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<groupId>uk.org.lidalia</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>slf4j-test</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<version>1.2.0</version>
-    </dependency>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <dependency>
+		</dependency>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+		<dependency>
-      <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-      <version>1.10.19</version>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-  </dependencies>
+		<dependency>
-  <build>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
 			<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
 			<version>1.10.19</version>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
        in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Hayes.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Hayes.java
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 * Hayes class implements its accept method.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class Hayes implements Modem {
+public class Hayes extends Modem {
  /**
   * Accepts all visitors but honors only HayesVisitor.
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Modem.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Modem.java
@ -24,9 +24,8 @@
 package com.iluwatar.acyclicvisitor;
 /**
- * //Modem abstract class.
+ * Modem abstract class.
 * converted to an interface
 */
-public interface Modem {
+public abstract class Modem {
-  void accept(ModemVisitor modemVisitor);
+  public abstract void accept(ModemVisitor modemVisitor);
 }
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Zoom.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Zoom.java
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 * Zoom class implements its accept method.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class Zoom implements Modem {
+public class Zoom extends Modem {
  /**
   * Accepts all visitors but honors only ZoomVisitor.
--- a/adapter/README.md
+++ b/adapter/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Adapter
 folder: adapter
 permalink: /patterns/adapter/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
 - Gang of Four
 ---
@ -18,10 +17,10 @@ couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
-> Consider that you have some pictures on your memory card and you need to transfer them to your computer. To transfer them, you need some kind of adapter that is compatible with your computer ports so that you can attach a memory card to your computer. In this case card reader is an adapter.
+> Consider that you have some pictures in your memory card and you need to transfer them to your computer. In order to transfer them you need some kind of adapter that is compatible with your computer ports so that you can attach memory card to your computer. In this case card reader is an adapter.
-> Another example would be the famous power adapter; a three-legged plug can't be connected to a two-pronged outlet, it needs to use a power adapter that makes it compatible with the two-pronged outlets.
+> Another example would be the famous power adapter; a three legged plug can't be connected to a two pronged outlet, it needs to use a power adapter that makes it compatible with the two pronged outlet.
 > Yet another example would be a translator translating words spoken by one person to another
 In plain words
@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 Consider a captain that can only use rowing boats and cannot sail at all.
-First, we have interfaces `RowingBoat` and `FishingBoat`
+First we have interfaces `RowingBoat` and `FishingBoat`
 ```java
 public interface RowingBoat {
@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ public class Captain {
 }
 ```
-Now let's say the pirates are coming and our captain needs to escape but there is only a fishing boat available. We need to create an adapter that allows the captain to operate the fishing boat with his rowing boat skills.
+Now let's say the pirates are coming and our captain needs to escape but there is only fishing boat available. We need to create an adapter that allows the captain to operate the fishing boat with his rowing boat skills.
 ```java
@Slf4j
@ -100,31 +99,25 @@ captain.row();
 ## Applicability
 Use the Adapter pattern when
-* You want to use an existing class, and its interface does not match the one you need
+* you want to use an existing class, and its interface does not match the one you need
-* You want to create a reusable class that cooperates with unrelated or unforeseen classes, that is, classes that don't necessarily have compatible interfaces
+* you want to create a reusable class that cooperates with unrelated or unforeseen classes, that is, classes that don't necessarily have compatible interfaces
-* You need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing everyone. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
+* you need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing every one. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
-* Most of the applications using third-party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
+* most of the applications using third party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
-## Tutorials
+## Consequences:
 * [Dzone](https://dzone.com/articles/adapter-design-pattern-in-java)
 * [Refactoring Guru](https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/adapter/java/example)
 * [Baeldung](https://www.baeldung.com/java-adapter-pattern)
 ## Consequences
 Class and object adapters have different trade-offs. A class adapter
-*	Adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
+*	adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
-*	Let’s Adapter override some of Adaptee’s behavior since Adapter is a subclass of Adaptee.
+*	let’s Adapter override some of Adaptee’s behavior, since Adapter is a subclass of Adaptee.
-*	Introduces only one object, and no additional pointer indirection is needed to get to the adaptee.
+*	introduces only one object, and no additional pointer indirection is needed to get to the adaptee.
 An object adapter	
-*	Lets a single Adapter work with many Adaptees—that is, the Adaptee itself and all of its subclasses (if any). The Adapter can also add functionality to all Adaptees at once.
+*	let’s a single Adapter work with many Adaptees—that is, the Adaptee itself and all of its subclasses (if any). The Adapter can also add functionality to all Adaptees at once.
-*	Makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making the Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
+*	makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
-## Real-world examples
+## Real world examples
 * [java.util.Arrays#asList()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html#asList%28T...%29)
 * [java.util.Collections#list()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#list-java.util.Enumeration-)
--- a/adapter/pom.xml
+++ b/adapter/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,45 +23,48 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.adapter.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.adapter.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AdapterPatternTest.java
+++ b/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AdapterPatternTest.java
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 /**
- * Tests for the adapter pattern.
+ * Test class
 */
 class AdapterPatternTest {
--- a/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AppTest.java
+++ b/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AppTest.java
@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 class AppTest {
  /**
-   * Check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
+   * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
   *
   * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
   * throws an exception.
   */
--- a/aggregator-microservices/README.md
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Aggregator Microservices
 folder: aggregator-microservices
 permalink: /patterns/aggregator-microservices/
 categories: Architectural
 language: en
 tags:
 - Cloud distributed
 - Decoupling
--- a/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml
@ -23,65 +23,68 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+	<artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <plugin>
+
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            <goals>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<executions>
-            </goals>
+					<execution>
-          </execution>
+						<goals>
-        </executions>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-      </plugin>
+						</goals>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.aggregator.microservices.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.aggregator.microservices.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/aggregator/microservices/AggregatorTest.java
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/aggregator/microservices/AggregatorTest.java
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class AggregatorTest {
  @BeforeEach
  public void setup() {
-    MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
+    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
  }
  /**
--- a/aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,58 +23,63 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>information-microservice</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>information-microservice</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+
-    </dependency>
+	<dependencies>
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-    </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-  </dependencies>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  <build>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-    <plugins>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <plugin>
+		</dependency>
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+	</dependencies>
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+
-        <executions>
+	<build>
-          <execution>
+		<plugins>
-            <goals>
+			<plugin>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            </goals>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-          </execution>
+				<executions>
-        </executions>
+					<execution>
-      </plugin>
+						<goals>
-      <plugin>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+						</goals>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+					</execution>
-        <executions>
+				</executions>
-          <execution>
+			</plugin>
-            <configuration>
+			<plugin>
-              <archive>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <manifest>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.information.microservices.InformationApplication</mainClass>
+				<executions>
-                </manifest>
+					<execution>
-              </archive>
+						<configuration>
-            </configuration>
+							<archive>
-          </execution>
+								<manifest>
-        </executions>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.information.microservices.InformationApplication</mainClass>
-      </plugin>
+								</manifest>
-    </plugins>
+							</archive>
-  </build>
+						</configuration>
 					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,58 +23,62 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+	<artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+	<build>
-        <executions>
+		<plugins>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <goals>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-            </goals>
+				<executions>
-          </execution>
+					<execution>
-        </executions>
+						<goals>
-      </plugin>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-      <plugin>
+						</goals>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+					</execution>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				</executions>
-        <executions>
+			</plugin>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <configuration>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-              <archive>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <manifest>
+				<executions>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.inventory.microservices.InventoryApplication</mainClass>
+					<execution>
-                </manifest>
+						<configuration>
-              </archive>
+							<archive>
-            </configuration>
+								<manifest>
-          </execution>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.inventory.microservices.InventoryApplication</mainClass>
-        </executions>
+								</manifest>
-      </plugin>
+							</archive>
-    </plugins>
+						</configuration>
-  </build>
+					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/pom.xml
@ -23,18 +23,20 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+    <parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+        <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+    </parent>
-  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <modules>
+    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-    <module>information-microservice</module>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
-    <module>aggregator-service</module>
+    <modules>
-    <module>inventory-microservice</module>
+        <module>information-microservice</module>
-  </modules>
+        <module>aggregator-service</module>
        <module>inventory-microservice</module>
    </modules>
 </project>
--- a/ambassador/README.md
+++ b/ambassador/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Ambassador
 folder: ambassador
 permalink: /patterns/ambassador/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
  - Decoupling
  - Cloud distributed
--- a/ambassador/pom.xml
+++ b/ambassador/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,40 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <plugin>
+	<build>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+		<plugins>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+			<plugin>
-        <executions>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-          <execution>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-            <configuration>
+				<executions>
-              <archive>
+					<execution>
-                <manifest>
+						<configuration>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.ambassador.App</mainClass>
+							<archive>
-                </manifest>
+								<manifest>
-              </archive>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.ambassador.App</mainClass>
-            </configuration>
+								</manifest>
-          </execution>
+							</archive>
-        </executions>
+						</configuration>
-      </plugin>
+					</execution>
-    </plugins>
+				</executions>
-  </build>
+			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/api-gateway/README.md
+++ b/api-gateway/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: API Gateway
 folder: api-gateway
 permalink: /patterns/api-gateway/
 categories: Architectural
 language: en
 tags:
  - Cloud distributed
  - Decoupling
--- a/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>api-gateway-service</artifactId>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/api/gateway/ApiGatewayTest.java
+++ b/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/api/gateway/ApiGatewayTest.java
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ApiGatewayTest {
  @BeforeEach
  public void setup() {
-    MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
+    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
  }
  /**
--- a/api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>image-microservice</artifactId>
@ -47,6 +49,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/api-gateway/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
--- a/api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,15 +23,19 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>price-microservice</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
@ -47,6 +51,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/localization/ar/README.md
+++ b/localization/ar/README.md
--- a/arrange-act-assert/README.md
+++ b/arrange-act-assert/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Arrange/Act/Assert
 folder: arrange-act-assert
 permalink: /patterns/arrange-act-assert/
 categories: Idiom
 language: en
 tags:
 - Testing
 ---
--- a/arrange-act-assert/pom.xml
+++ b/arrange-act-assert/pom.xml
@ -23,13 +23,16 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>arrange-act-assert</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
@ -38,4 +41,4 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
--- a/assets/flags/AR.png
+++ b/assets/flags/AR.png
--- a/assets/flags/CN.png
+++ b/assets/flags/CN.png
--- a/assets/flags/FR.png
+++ b/assets/flags/FR.png
--- a/assets/flags/KR.png
+++ b/assets/flags/KR.png
--- a/assets/flags/TR.png
+++ b/assets/flags/TR.png
--- a/async-method-invocation/README.md
+++ b/async-method-invocation/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Async Method Invocation
 folder: async-method-invocation
 permalink: /patterns/async-method-invocation/
 categories: Concurrency
 language: en
 tags:
 - Reactive
 ---
--- a/async-method-invocation/pom.xml
+++ b/async-method-invocation/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,43 +23,46 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/async-method-invocation/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/App.java
+++ b/async-method-invocation/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/App.java
@ -59,12 +59,9 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  private static final String ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN = "Space rocket <%s> launched successfully";
  /**
   * Program entry point.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // construct a new executor that will run async tasks
    var executor = new ThreadAsyncExecutor();
@ -90,9 +87,9 @@ public class App {
    asyncResult5.await();
    // log the results of the tasks, callbacks log immediately when complete
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result1));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result1 + "> launch complete");
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result2));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result2 + "> launch complete");
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result3));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result3 + "> launch complete");
  }
  /**
@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ public class App {
  private static <T> Callable<T> lazyval(T value, long delayMillis) {
    return () -> {
      Thread.sleep(delayMillis);
-      log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, value));
+      log("Space rocket <" + value + "> launched successfully");
      return value;
    };
  }
--- a/async-method-invocation/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/ThreadAsyncExecutorTest.java
+++ b/async-method-invocation/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/ThreadAsyncExecutorTest.java
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class ThreadAsyncExecutorTest {
  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
-    MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
+    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
  }
  /**
--- a/balking/README.md
+++ b/balking/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Balking
 folder: balking
 permalink: /patterns/balking/
 categories: Concurrency
 language: en
 tags:
 - Decoupling
 ---
--- a/balking/pom.xml
+++ b/balking/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,41 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>balking</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>balking</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.balking.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.balking.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bridge/README.md
+++ b/bridge/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Bridge
 folder: bridge
 permalink: /patterns/bridge/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
 - Gang of Four
 ---
@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary indepen
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
 > Consider you have a weapon with different enchantments, and you are supposed to allow mixing 
 > different weapons with different enchantments. What would you do? Create multiple copies of each 
@ -161,36 +160,27 @@ public class SoulEatingEnchantment implements Enchantment {
 Here are both hierarchies in action:
 ```java
 LOGGER.info("The knight receives an enchanted sword.");
 var enchantedSword = new Sword(new SoulEatingEnchantment());
 enchantedSword.wield();
 enchantedSword.swing();
 enchantedSword.unwield();
 // The sword is wielded.
 // The item spreads bloodlust.
 // The sword is swinged.
 // The item eats the soul of enemies.
 // The sword is unwielded.
 // Bloodlust slowly disappears.
 LOGGER.info("The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.");
 var hammer = new Hammer(new FlyingEnchantment());
 hammer.wield();
 hammer.swing();
 hammer.unwield();
-```
+// The hammer is wielded.
-
+// The item begins to glow faintly.
-Here's the console output.
+// The hammer is swinged.
-
+// The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
-```
+// The hammer is unwielded.
-The knight receives an enchanted sword.
+// The item's glow fades.
 The sword is wielded.
 The item spreads bloodlust.
 The sword is swung.
 The item eats the soul of enemies.
 The sword is unwielded.
 Bloodlust slowly disappears.
 The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.
 The hammer is wielded.
 The item begins to glow faintly.
 The hammer is swung.
 The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
 The hammer is unwielded.
 The item's glow fades.
 ```
 ## Class diagram
--- a/bridge/pom.xml
+++ b/bridge/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,27 +23,30 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Hammer.java
+++ b/bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Hammer.java
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class Hammer implements Weapon {
  @Override
  public void swing() {
-    LOGGER.info("The hammer is swung.");
+    LOGGER.info("The hammer is swinged.");
    enchantment.apply();
  }
--- a/bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Sword.java
+++ b/bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Sword.java
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class Sword implements Weapon {
  @Override
  public void swing() {
-    LOGGER.info("The sword is swung.");
+    LOGGER.info("The sword is swinged.");
    enchantment.apply();
  }
--- a/builder/README.md
+++ b/builder/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Builder
 folder: builder
 permalink: /patterns/builder/
 categories: Creational
 language: en
 tags:
 - Gang of Four
 ---
@ -16,11 +15,11 @@ process can create different representations.
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
 > Imagine a character generator for a role-playing game. The easiest option is to let the computer 
 > create the character for you. If you want to manually select the character details like 
-> profession, gender, hair color, etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
+> profession, gender, hair color etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
 > completes when all the selections are ready.
 In plain words
@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ anti-pattern.
 **Programmatic Example**
-The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all, we have our hero that we want to 
+The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all we have our hero that we want to 
 create:
 ```java
@ -134,13 +133,7 @@ Use the Builder pattern when
 * The algorithm for creating a complex object should be independent of the parts that make up the object and how they're assembled
 * The construction process must allow different representations for the object that's constructed
-## Tutorials
+## Real world examples
 * [Refactoring Guru](https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/builder)
 * [Oracle Blog](https://blogs.oracle.com/javamagazine/post/exploring-joshua-blochs-builder-design-pattern-in-java)
 * [Journal Dev](https://www.journaldev.com/1425/builder-design-pattern-in-java)
 ## Known uses
 * [java.lang.StringBuilder](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuilder.html)
 * [java.nio.ByteBuffer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/ByteBuffer.html#put-byte-) as well as similar buffers such as FloatBuffer, IntBuffer and so on.
--- a/builder/pom.xml
+++ b/builder/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,22 +23,25 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>builder</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>builder</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/business-delegate/README.md
+++ b/business-delegate/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Business Delegate
 folder: business-delegate
 permalink: /patterns/business-delegate/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
 - Decoupling
 ---
--- a/business-delegate/pom.xml
+++ b/business-delegate/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,43 +23,46 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.business.delegate.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.business.delegate.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bytecode/README.md
+++ b/bytecode/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Bytecode
 folder: bytecode
 permalink: /patterns/bytecode/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: en
 tags:
 - Game programming
 ---
--- a/bytecode/pom.xml
+++ b/bytecode/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>bytecode</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>bytecode</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+	<build>
-        <executions>
+		<plugins>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <configuration>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-              <archive>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <manifest>
+				<executions>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.bytecode.App</mainClass>
+					<execution>
-                </manifest>
+						<configuration>
-              </archive>
+							<archive>
-            </configuration>
+								<manifest>
-          </execution>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.bytecode.App</mainClass>
-        </executions>
+								</manifest>
-      </plugin>
+							</archive>
-    </plugins>
+						</configuration>
-  </build>
+					</execution>
-</project>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bytecode/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bytecode/App.java
+++ b/bytecode/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bytecode/App.java
@ -42,14 +42,6 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  private static final String LITERAL_0 = "LITERAL 0";
  private static final String HEALTH_PATTERN = "%s_HEALTH";
  private static final String GET_AGILITY = "GET_AGILITY";
  private static final String GET_WISDOM = "GET_WISDOM";
  private static final String ADD = "ADD";
  private static final String LITERAL_2 = "LITERAL 2";
  private static final String DIVIDE = "DIVIDE";
  /**
   * Main app method.
   *
@ -61,17 +53,17 @@ public class App {
        new Wizard(45, 7, 11, 0, 0),
        new Wizard(36, 18, 8, 0, 0));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(String.format(HEALTH_PATTERN, "GET")));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_HEALTH"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(GET_AGILITY));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_AGILITY"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(GET_WISDOM));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_WISDOM"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(ADD));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("ADD"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_2));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 2"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(DIVIDE));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("DIVIDE"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(ADD));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("ADD"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(String.format(HEALTH_PATTERN, "SET")));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("SET_HEALTH"));
  }
 }
--- a/caching/README.md
+++ b/caching/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Caching
 folder: caching
 permalink: /patterns/caching/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: en
 tags:
  - Performance
  - Cloud distributed
@ -43,29 +42,39 @@ Wikipedia says:
 **Programmatic Example**
 Let's first look at the data layer of our application. The interesting classes are `UserAccount`
-which is a simple Java object containing the user account details, and `DbManager` interface which handles
+which is a simple Java object containing the user account details, and `DbManager` which handles
-reading and writing of these objects to/from database.
+reading and writing of these objects to/from MongoDB database.
 ```java
-@Data
+@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
 public class UserAccount {
  private String userId;
  private String userName;
  private String additionalInfo;
 }
-public interface DbManager {
+@Slf4j
 public final class DbManager {
-  void connect();
+  private static MongoClient mongoClient;
-  void disconnect();
+  private static MongoDatabase db;
-  
+
-  UserAccount readFromDb(String userId);
+  private DbManager() { /*...*/ }
-  UserAccount writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+
-  UserAccount updateDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+  public static void createVirtualDb() { /*...*/ }
-  UserAccount upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+
  public static void connect() throws ParseException { /*...*/ }
  public static UserAccount readFromDb(String userId) { /*...*/ }
  public static void writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
  public static void updateDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
  public static void upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
 }
 ```
@ -161,43 +170,30 @@ strategies.
@Slf4j
 public class CacheStore {
  private static final int CAPACITY = 3;
  private static LruCache cache;
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  /* ... details omitted ... */
-  public UserAccount readThrough(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThrough(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in Cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in cache! Go to DB!!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
-  public void writeThrough(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeThrough(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
  public void writeAround(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
      // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
      // version from cache.
    } else {
      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
  }
  public static void clearCache() {
    if (cache != null) {
      cache.clear();
@ -228,39 +224,34 @@ class.
 public final class AppManager {
  private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  private final CacheStore cacheStore;
  private AppManager() {
  }
-  public void initDb() { /* ... */ }
+  public static void initDb(boolean useMongoDb) { /* ... */ }
  public static void initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy policy) { /* ... */ }
  public static void initCacheCapacity(int capacity) { /* ... */ }
-  public UserAccount find(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount find(String userId) {
-    LOGGER.info("Trying to find {} in cache", userId);
+    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH
+      return CacheStore.readThrough(userId);
            || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
      return cacheStore.readThrough(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      return cacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
+      return CacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      return findAside(userId);
    }
    return null;
  }
-  public void save(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void save(UserAccount userAccount) {
    LOGGER.info("Save record!");
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH) {
-      cacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-      cacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      cacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      saveAside(userAccount);
    }
@ -280,35 +271,24 @@ Here is what we do in the main class of the application.
@Slf4j
 public class App {
-  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
-    boolean isDbMongo = isDbMongo(args);
+    AppManager.initDb(false);
-    if(isDbMongo){
+    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
-      LOGGER.info("Using the Mongo database engine to run the application.");
+    var app = new App();
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("Using the 'in Memory' database to run the application.");
    }
    App app = new App(isDbMongo);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
    String splitLine = "==============================================";
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
  }
  public void useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.THROUGH");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
    var userAccount1 = new UserAccount("001", "John", "He is a boy.");
-
+    AppManager.save(userAccount1);
-    appManager.save(userAccount1);
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    AppManager.find("001");
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
    appManager.find("001");
  }
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() { /* ... */ }
@ -319,6 +299,16 @@ public class App {
 }
 ```
 Finally, here is some of the console output from the program.
 ```
 12:32:53.845 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App - # CachingPolicy.THROUGH
 12:32:53.900 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App - 
 --CACHE CONTENT--
 UserAccount(userId=001, userName=John, additionalInfo=He is a boy.)
 ----
 ```
 ## Class diagram
 ![alt text](./etc/caching.png "Caching")
--- a/caching/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/caching/docker-compose.yml
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
 version: '3.7'
 services:
  mongodb_container:
    image: mongo:latest
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
    ports:
      - 27017:27017
    volumes:
      - ./mongo-data/:/data/db
--- a/caching/etc/caching.png
+++ b/caching/etc/caching.png
--- a/caching/pom.xml
+++ b/caching/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>caching</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
@ -38,14 +39,19 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
-      <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
+      <artifactId>mongodb-driver</artifactId>
-      <version>1.10.19</version>
+      <version>3.12.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
-      <artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId>
+      <artifactId>mongodb-driver-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
      <artifactId>bson</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <!--
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/App.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/App.java
@ -1,62 +1,58 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManagerFactory;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * The Caching pattern describes how to avoid expensive re-acquisition of
+ * The Caching pattern describes how to avoid expensive re-acquisition of resources by not releasing
- * resources by not releasing the resources immediately after their use.
+ * the resources immediately after their use. The resources retain their identity, are kept in some
- * The resources retain their identity, are kept in some fast-access storage,
+ * fast-access storage, and are re-used to avoid having to acquire them again. There are four main
- * and are re-used to avoid having to acquire them again. There are four main
+ * caching strategies/techniques in this pattern; each with their own pros and cons. They are;
- * caching strategies/techniques in this pattern; each with their own pros and
+ * <code>write-through</code> which writes data to the cache and DB in a single transaction,
- * cons. They are <code>write-through</code> which writes data to the cache and
+ * <code>write-around</code> which writes data immediately into the DB instead of the cache,
- * DB in a single transaction, <code>write-around</code> which writes data
+ * <code>write-behind</code> which writes data into the cache initially whilst the data is only
- * immediately into the DB instead of the cache, <code>write-behind</code>
+ * written into the DB when the cache is full, and <code>cache-aside</code> which pushes the
- * which writes data into the cache initially whilst the data is only
+ * responsibility of keeping the data synchronized in both data sources to the application itself.
- * written into the DB when the cache is full, and <code>cache-aside</code>
+ * The <code>read-through</code> strategy is also included in the mentioned four strategies --
- * which pushes the responsibility of keeping the data synchronized in both
+ * returns data from the cache to the caller <b>if</b> it exists <b>else</b> queries from DB and
- * data sources to the application itself. The <code>read-through</code>
+ * stores it into the cache for future use. These strategies determine when the data in the cache
- * strategy is also included in the mentioned four strategies --
+ * should be written back to the backing store (i.e. Database) and help keep both data sources
- * returns data from the cache to the caller <b>if</b> it exists <b>else</b>
+ * synchronized/up-to-date. This pattern can improve performance and also helps to maintain
- * queries from DB and stores it into the cache for future use. These strategies
+ * consistency between data held in the cache and the data in the underlying data store.
 * determine when the data in the cache should be written back to the backing
 * store (i.e. Database) and help keep both data sources
 * synchronized/up-to-date. This pattern can improve performance and also helps
 * to maintainconsistency between data held in the cache and the data in
 * the underlying data store.
 *
- * <p>In this example, the user account ({@link UserAccount}) entity is used
+ * <p>In this example, the user account ({@link UserAccount}) entity is used as the underlying
- * as the underlying application data. The cache itself is implemented as an
+ * application data. The cache itself is implemented as an internal (Java) data structure. It adopts
- * internal (Java) data structure. It adopts a Least-Recently-Used (LRU)
+ * a Least-Recently-Used (LRU) strategy for evicting data from itself when its full. The four
- * strategy for evicting data from itself when its full. The four
+ * strategies are individually tested. The testing of the cache is restricted towards saving and
- * strategies are individually tested. The testing of the cache is restricted
+ * querying of user accounts from the underlying data store ( {@link DbManager}). The main class (
- * towards saving and querying of user accounts from the
+ * {@link App} is not aware of the underlying mechanics of the application (i.e. save and query) and
- * underlying data store( {@link DbManager}). The main class ( {@link App}
+ * whether the data is coming from the cache or the DB (i.e. separation of concern). The AppManager
- * is not aware of the underlying mechanics of the application
+ * ({@link AppManager}) handles the transaction of data to-and-from the underlying data store
- * (i.e. save and query) and whether the data is coming from the cache or the
+ * (depending on the preferred caching policy/strategy).
 * DB (i.e. separation of concern). The AppManager ({@link AppManager}) handles
 * the transaction of data to-and-from the underlying data store (depending on
 * the preferred caching policy/strategy).
 * <p>
- * <i>{@literal App --> AppManager --> CacheStore/LRUCache/CachingPolicy -->
+ * <i>{@literal App --> AppManager --> CacheStore/LRUCache/CachingPolicy --> DBManager} </i>
 * DBManager} </i>
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * There are 2 ways to launch the application.
 *  - to use "in Memory" database.
 *  - to use the MongoDb as a database
 *
 * To run the application with "in Memory" database, just launch it without parameters
 * Example: 'java -jar app.jar'
 *
 * To run the application with MongoDb you need to be installed the MongoDb
 * in your system, or to launch it in the docker container.
 * You may launch docker container from the root of current module with command:
 * 'docker-compose up'
 * Then you can start the application with parameter --mongo
 * Example: 'java -jar app.jar --mongo'
 * </p>
 *
 * @see CacheStore
@ -65,67 +61,23 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 */
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  /**
   * Constant parameter name to use mongoDB.
   */
  private static final String USE_MONGO_DB = "--mongo";
  /**
   * Application manager.
   */
  private final AppManager appManager;
  /**
   * Constructor of current App.
   *
   * @param isMongo boolean
   */
  public App(final boolean isMongo) {
    DbManager dbManager = DbManagerFactory.initDb(isMongo);
    appManager = new AppManager(dbManager);
    appManager.initDb();
  }
  /**
   * Program entry point.
   *
   * @param args command line args
   */
-  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
-    // VirtualDB (instead of MongoDB) was used in running the JUnit tests
+    AppManager.initDb(false); // VirtualDB (instead of MongoDB) was used in running the JUnit tests
    // and the App class to avoid Maven compilation errors. Set flag to
    // true to run the tests with MongoDB (provided that MongoDB is
    // installed and socket connection is open).
-    boolean isDbMongo = isDbMongo(args);
+    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
-    if (isDbMongo) {
+    var app = new App();
      LOGGER.info("Using the Mongo database engine to run the application.");
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("Using the 'in Memory' database to run the application.");
    }
    App app = new App(isDbMongo);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
    String splitLine = "==============================================";
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
  }
  /**
   * Check the input parameters. if
   *
   * @param args input params
   * @return true if there is "--mongo" parameter in arguments
   */
  private static boolean isDbMongo(final String[] args) {
    for (String arg : args) {
      if (arg.equals(USE_MONGO_DB)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  /**
@ -133,14 +85,14 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.THROUGH");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
    var userAccount1 = new UserAccount("001", "John", "He is a boy.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount1);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount1);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
  }
  /**
@ -148,21 +100,21 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.AROUND");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.AROUND);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.AROUND);
    var userAccount2 = new UserAccount("002", "Jane", "She is a girl.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount2);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount2);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    userAccount2 = appManager.find("002");
+    userAccount2 = AppManager.find("002");
    userAccount2.setUserName("Jane G.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount2);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount2);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
  }
  /**
@ -170,31 +122,23 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.BEHIND");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.BEHIND);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.BEHIND);
-    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003",
+    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003", "Adam", "He likes food.");
-            "Adam",
+    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004", "Rita", "She hates cats.");
-            "He likes food.");
+    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005", "Isaac", "He is allergic to mustard.");
    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004",
            "Rita",
            "She hates cats.");
    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005",
            "Isaac",
            "He is allergic to mustard.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount3);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount3);
-    appManager.save(userAccount4);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount4);
-    appManager.save(userAccount5);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount5);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("003");
+    AppManager.find("003");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    UserAccount userAccount6 = new UserAccount("006",
+    UserAccount userAccount6 = new UserAccount("006", "Yasha", "She is an only child.");
-            "Yasha",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount6);
-            "She is an only child.");
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.save(userAccount6);
+    AppManager.find("004");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
    appManager.find("004");
    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
  }
  /**
@ -202,26 +146,20 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useCacheAsideStategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.ASIDE");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.ASIDE);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.ASIDE);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003",
+    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003", "Adam", "He likes food.");
-            "Adam",
+    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004", "Rita", "She hates cats.");
-            "He likes food.");
+    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005", "Isaac", "He is allergic to mustard.");
-    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount3);
-            "Rita",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount4);
-            "She hates cats.");
+    AppManager.save(userAccount5);
    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005",
            "Isaac",
            "He is allergic to mustard.");
    appManager.save(userAccount3);
    appManager.save(userAccount4);
    appManager.save(userAccount5);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("003");
+    AppManager.find("003");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("004");
+    AppManager.find("004");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppManager.java
@ -23,80 +23,65 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
-import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
+import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * AppManager helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class
+ * AppManager helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class and the application's
- * and the application's back-end. DB connection is initialized through this
+ * back-end. DB connection is initialized through this class. The chosen caching strategy/policy is
- * class. The chosen  caching strategy/policy is also initialized here.
+ * also initialized here. Before the cache can be used, the size of the cache has to be set.
- * Before the cache can be used, the size of the  cache has to be set.
+ * Depending on the chosen caching policy, AppManager will call the appropriate function in the
- * Depending on the chosen caching policy, AppManager will call the
+ * CacheStore class.
 * appropriate function in the CacheStore class.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class AppManager {
+public final class AppManager {
  /**
   * Caching Policy.
   */
  private CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
  /**
   * Database Manager.
   */
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  /**
   * Cache Store.
   */
  private final CacheStore cacheStore;
-  /**
+  private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
-   * Constructor.
+
-   *
+  private AppManager() {
   * @param newDbManager database manager
   */
  public AppManager(final DbManager newDbManager) {
    this.dbManager = newDbManager;
    this.cacheStore = new CacheStore(newDbManager);
  }
  /**
-   * Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use
+   * Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use MongoDB as its underlying
-   * MongoDB as its underlying data storage or a simple Java data structure
+   * data storage or a simple Java data structure to (temporarily) store the data/objects during
-   * to (temporarily) store the data/objects during runtime.
+   * runtime.
   */
-  public void initDb() {
+  public static void initDb(boolean useMongoDb) {
-    dbManager.connect();
+    if (useMongoDb) {
      try {
        DbManager.connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    } else {
      DbManager.createVirtualDb();
    }
  }
  /**
   * Initialize caching policy.
   *
   * @param policy is a {@link CachingPolicy}
   */
-  public void initCachingPolicy(final CachingPolicy policy) {
+  public static void initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy policy) {
    cachingPolicy = policy;
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(cacheStore::flushCache));
+      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(CacheStore::flushCache));
    }
-    cacheStore.clearCache();
+    CacheStore.clearCache();
  }
  public static void initCacheCapacity(int capacity) {
    CacheStore.initCapacity(capacity);
  }
  /**
   * Find user account.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount find(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount find(String userId) {
-    LOGGER.info("Trying to find {} in cache", userId);
+    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH
+      return CacheStore.readThrough(userId);
            || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
      return cacheStore.readThrough(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      return cacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
+      return CacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      return findAside(userId);
    }
@ -105,55 +90,41 @@ public class AppManager {
  /**
   * Save user account.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void save(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void save(UserAccount userAccount) {
    LOGGER.info("Save record!");
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH) {
-      cacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-      cacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      cacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      saveAside(userAccount);
    }
  }
-  /**
+  public static String printCacheContent() {
-   * Returns String.
+    return CacheStore.print();
   *
   * @return String
   */
  public String printCacheContent() {
    return cacheStore.print();
  }
  /**
   * Cache-Aside save user account helper.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  private void saveAside(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  private static void saveAside(UserAccount userAccount) {
-    dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+    DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
-    cacheStore.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
+    CacheStore.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
  }
  /**
   * Cache-Aside find user account helper.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  private UserAccount findAside(final String userId) {
+  private static UserAccount findAside(String userId) {
-    return Optional.ofNullable(cacheStore.get(userId))
+    return Optional.ofNullable(CacheStore.get(userId))
-            .or(() -> {
+        .or(() -> {
-              Optional<UserAccount> userAccount =
+          Optional<UserAccount> userAccount = Optional.ofNullable(DbManager.readFromDb(userId));
-                      Optional.ofNullable(dbManager.readFromDb(userId));
+          userAccount.ifPresent(account -> CacheStore.set(userId, account));
-              userAccount.ifPresent(account -> cacheStore.set(userId, account));
+          return userAccount;
-              return userAccount;
+        })
-            })
+        .orElse(null);
            .orElse(null);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CacheStore.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CacheStore.java
@ -23,11 +23,9 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
@ -35,34 +33,16 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 */
@Slf4j
 public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Cache capacity.
   */
  private static final int CAPACITY = 3;
-  /**
+  private static LruCache cache;
   * Lru cache see {@link LruCache}.
   */
  private LruCache cache;
  /**
   * DbManager.
   */
  private final DbManager dbManager;
-  /**
+  private CacheStore() {
   * Cache Store.
   * @param dataBaseManager {@link DbManager}
   */
  public CacheStore(final DbManager dataBaseManager) {
    this.dbManager = dataBaseManager;
    initCapacity(CAPACITY);
  }
  /**
   * Init cache capacity.
   * @param capacity int
   */
-  public void initCapacity(final int capacity) {
+  public static void initCapacity(int capacity) {
    if (cache == null) {
      cache = new LruCache(capacity);
    } else {
@ -72,64 +52,57 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Get user account using read-through cache.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount readThrough(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThrough(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in Cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in cache! Go to DB!!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using write-through cache.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeThrough(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeThrough(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using write-around cache.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeAround(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeAround(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
-      // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
+      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId()); // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
      // version from cache.
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using read-through cache with write-back policy.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in Cache!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    if (cache.isFull()) {
      LOGGER.info("# Cache is FULL! Writing LRU data to DB...");
      UserAccount toBeWrittenToDb = cache.getLruData();
-      dbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
+      DbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
    }
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
@ -137,13 +110,12 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Set user account.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeBehind(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeBehind(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.isFull() && !cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
      LOGGER.info("# Cache is FULL! Writing LRU data to DB...");
      UserAccount toBeWrittenToDb = cache.getLruData();
-      dbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
+      DbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
@ -151,7 +123,7 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Clears cache.
   */
-  public void clearCache() {
+  public static void clearCache() {
    if (cache != null) {
      cache.clear();
    }
@ -160,51 +132,44 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Writes remaining content in the cache into the DB.
   */
-  public void flushCache() {
+  public static void flushCache() {
    LOGGER.info("# flushCache...");
    Optional.ofNullable(cache)
        .map(LruCache::getCacheDataInListForm)
        .orElse(List.of())
-        .forEach(dbManager::updateDb);
+        .forEach(DbManager::updateDb);
    dbManager.disconnect();
  }
  /**
   * Print user accounts.
   * @return {@link String}
   */
-  public String print() {
+  public static String print() {
    return Optional.ofNullable(cache)
        .map(LruCache::getCacheDataInListForm)
        .orElse(List.of())
        .stream()
        .map(userAccount -> userAccount.toString() + "\n")
-        .collect(Collectors.joining("", "\n--CACHE CONTENT--\n", "----"));
+        .collect(Collectors.joining("", "\n--CACHE CONTENT--\n", "----\n"));
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount get(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount get(String userId) {
    return cache.get(userId);
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void set(final String userId, final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void set(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   */
-  public void invalidate(final String userId) {
+  public static void invalidate(String userId) {
    cache.invalidate(userId);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingPolicy.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingPolicy.java
@ -32,25 +32,10 @@ import lombok.Getter;
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
 public enum CachingPolicy {
  /**
   * Through.
   */
  THROUGH("through"),
  /**
   * AROUND.
   */
  AROUND("around"),
  /**
   * BEHIND.
   */
  BEHIND("behind"),
  /**
   * ASIDE.
   */
  ASIDE("aside");
  /**
   * Policy value.
   */
  private final String policy;
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/DbManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/DbManager.java
@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.bson.Document;
 /**
 * <p>DBManager handles the communication with the underlying data store i.e. Database. It contains
 * the implemented methods for querying, inserting, and updating data. MongoDB was used as the
 * database for the application.</p>
 *
 * <p>Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use MongoDB as its
 * underlying data storage (connect()) or a simple Java data structure to (temporarily) store the
 * data/objects during runtime (createVirtualDB()).</p>
 */
@Slf4j
 public final class DbManager {
  private static MongoClient mongoClient;
  private static MongoDatabase db;
  private static boolean useMongoDB;
  private static Map<String, UserAccount> virtualDB;
  private DbManager() {
  }
  /**
   * Create DB.
   */
  public static void createVirtualDb() {
    useMongoDB = false;
    virtualDB = new HashMap<>();
  }
  /**
   * Connect to DB.
   */
  public static void connect() throws ParseException {
    useMongoDB = true;
    mongoClient = new MongoClient();
    db = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");
  }
  /**
   * Read user account from DB.
   */
  public static UserAccount readFromDb(String userId) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      if (virtualDB.containsKey(userId)) {
        return virtualDB.get(userId);
      }
      return null;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    var iterable = db
        .getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
        .find(new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userId));
    if (iterable == null) {
      return null;
    }
    Document doc = iterable.first();
    String userName = doc.getString(CachingConstants.USER_NAME);
    String appInfo = doc.getString(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO);
    return new UserAccount(userId, userName, appInfo);
  }
  /**
   * Write user account to DB.
   */
  public static void writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).insertOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
            .append(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
    );
  }
  /**
   * Update DB.
   */
  public static void updateDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId()),
        new Document("$set", new Document(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())));
  }
  /**
   * Insert data into DB if it does not exist. Else, update it.
   */
  public static void upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId()),
        new Document("$set",
            new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
                .append(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
                .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
        ),
        new UpdateOptions().upsert(true)
    );
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/LruCache.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/LruCache.java
@ -29,83 +29,41 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * Data structure/implementation of the application's cache. The data structure
+ * Data structure/implementation of the application's cache. The data structure consists of a hash
- * consists of a hash table attached with a doubly linked-list. The linked-list
+ * table attached with a doubly linked-list. The linked-list helps in capturing and maintaining the
- * helps in capturing and maintaining the LRU data in the cache. When a data is
+ * LRU data in the cache. When a data is queried (from the cache), added (to the cache), or updated,
- * queried (from the cache), added (to the cache), or updated, the data is
+ * the data is moved to the front of the list to depict itself as the most-recently-used data. The
- * moved to the front of the list to depict itself as the most-recently-used
+ * LRU data is always at the end of the list.
 * data. The LRU data is always at the end of the list.
 */
@Slf4j
 public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Static class Node.
   */
  static class Node {
    /**
     * user id.
     */
    private final String userId;
    /**
     * User Account.
     */
    private UserAccount userAccount;
    /**
     * previous.
     */
    private Node previous;
    /**
     * next.
     */
    private Node next;
-    /**
+  static class Node {
-     * Node definition.
+    String userId;
-     *
+    UserAccount userAccount;
-     * @param id      String
+    Node previous;
-     * @param account {@link UserAccount}
+    Node next;
-     */
+
-    Node(final String id, final UserAccount account) {
+    public Node(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
-      this.userId = id;
+      this.userId = userId;
-      this.userAccount = account;
+      this.userAccount = userAccount;
    }
  }
-  /**
+  int capacity;
-   * Capacity of Cache.
+  Map<String, Node> cache = new HashMap<>();
-   */
+  Node head;
-  private int capacity;
+  Node end;
  /**
   * Cache {@link HashMap}.
   */
  private Map<String, Node> cache = new HashMap<>();
  /**
   * Head.
   */
  private Node head;
  /**
   * End.
   */
  private Node end;
-  /**
+  public LruCache(int capacity) {
-   * Constructor.
+    this.capacity = capacity;
   *
   * @param cap Integer.
   */
  public LruCache(final int cap) {
    this.capacity = cap;
  }
  /**
   * Get user account.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount get(final String userId) {
+  public UserAccount get(String userId) {
    if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
      var node = cache.get(userId);
      remove(node);
@ -117,10 +75,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Remove node from linked list.
   *
   * @param node {@link Node}
   */
-  public void remove(final Node node) {
+  public void remove(Node node) {
    if (node.previous != null) {
      node.previous.next = node.next;
    } else {
@ -135,10 +91,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Move node to the front of the list.
   *
   * @param node {@link Node}
   */
-  public void setHead(final Node node) {
+  public void setHead(Node node) {
    node.next = head;
    node.previous = null;
    if (head != null) {
@ -152,11 +106,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Set user account.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @param userId      {@link String}
   */
-  public void set(final String userId, final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public void set(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
      var old = cache.get(userId);
      old.userAccount = userAccount;
@ -176,43 +127,25 @@ public class LruCache {
    }
  }
-  /**
+  public boolean contains(String userId) {
   * Check if Cache contains the userId.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return boolean
   */
  public boolean contains(final String userId) {
    return cache.containsKey(userId);
  }
  /**
   * Invalidate cache for user.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   */
-  public void invalidate(final String userId) {
+  public void invalidate(String userId) {
    var toBeRemoved = cache.remove(userId);
    if (toBeRemoved != null) {
-      LOGGER.info("# {} has been updated! "
+      LOGGER.info("# {} has been updated! Removing older version from cache...", userId);
              + "Removing older version from cache...", userId);
      remove(toBeRemoved);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Check if the cache is full.
   * @return boolean
   */
  public boolean isFull() {
    return cache.size() >= capacity;
  }
  /**
   * Get LRU data.
   *
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  public UserAccount getLruData() {
    return end.userAccount;
  }
@ -228,8 +161,6 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Returns cache data in list form.
   *
   * @return {@link List}
   */
  public List<UserAccount> getCacheDataInListForm() {
    var listOfCacheData = new ArrayList<UserAccount>();
@ -243,14 +174,10 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Set cache capacity.
   *
   * @param newCapacity int
   */
-  public void setCapacity(final int newCapacity) {
+  public void setCapacity(int newCapacity) {
    if (capacity > newCapacity) {
-      // Behavior can be modified to accommodate
+      clear(); // Behavior can be modified to accommodate for decrease in cache size. For now, we'll
      // for decrease in cache size. For now, we'll
      clear();
      // just clear the cache.
    } else {
      this.capacity = newCapacity;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/UserAccount.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/UserAccount.java
@ -24,28 +24,19 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
-import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.Getter;
-import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
+import lombok.Setter;
 import lombok.ToString;
 /**
 * Entity class (stored in cache and DB) used in the application.
 */
-@Data
+@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
 public class UserAccount {
  /**
   * User Id.
   */
  private String userId;
  /**
   * User Name.
   */
  private String userName;
  /**
   * Additional Info.
   */
  private String additionalInfo;
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/CachingConstants.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/CachingConstants.java
@ -26,27 +26,11 @@ package com.iluwatar.caching.constants;
 /**
 * Constant class for defining constants.
 */
-public final class CachingConstants {
+public class CachingConstants {
-  /**
+
   * User Account.
   */
  public static final String USER_ACCOUNT = "user_accounts";
  /**
   * User ID.
   */
  public static final String USER_ID = "userID";
  /**
   * User Name.
   */
  public static final String USER_NAME = "userName";
  /**
   * Additional Info.
   */
  public static final String ADD_INFO = "additionalInfo";
  /**
   * Constructor.
   */
  private CachingConstants() {
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/package-info.java
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * Constants.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching.constants;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManager.java
@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 /**
 * <p>DBManager handles the communication with the underlying data store i.e.
 * Database. It contains the implemented methods for querying, inserting,
 * and updating data. MongoDB was used as the database for the application.</p>
 */
 public interface DbManager {
  /**
   * Connect to DB.
   */
  void connect();
  /**
   * Disconnect from DB.
   */
  void disconnect();
  /**
   * Read from DB.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount readFromDb(String userId);
  /**
   * Write to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount);
  /**
   * Update record.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount updateDb(UserAccount userAccount);
  /**
   * Update record or Insert if not exists.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount);
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManagerFactory.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManagerFactory.java
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 /**
 * Creates the database connection accroding the input parameter.
 */
 public final class DbManagerFactory {
  /**
   * Private constructor.
   */
  private DbManagerFactory() {
  }
  /**
   * Init database.
   *
   * @param isMongo boolean
   * @return {@link DbManager}
   */
  public static DbManager initDb(final boolean isMongo) {
    if (isMongo) {
      return new MongoDb();
    }
    return new VirtualDb();
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDb.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDb.java
@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.ADD_INFO;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ID;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_NAME;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
 import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
 import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
 import java.util.List;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.bson.Document;
 /**
 * Implementation of DatabaseManager.
 * implements base methods to work with MongoDb.
 */
@Slf4j
 public class MongoDb implements DbManager {
  private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "admin";
  private static final String MONGO_USER = "root";
  private static final String MONGO_PASSWORD = "rootpassword";
  private MongoClient client;
  private MongoDatabase db;
  /**
   * Connect to Db. Check th connection
   */
  @Override
  public void connect() {
    MongoCredential mongoCredential = MongoCredential.createCredential(MONGO_USER,
                    DATABASE_NAME,
                    MONGO_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
    MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().build();
    client = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(), List.of(mongoCredential), options);
    db = client.getDatabase(DATABASE_NAME);
  }
  @Override
  public void disconnect() {
    client.close();
  }
  /**
   * Read data from DB.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount readFromDb(final String userId) {
    var iterable = db
            .getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
            .find(new Document(USER_ID, userId));
    if (iterable.first() == null) {
      return null;
    }
    Document doc = iterable.first();
    if (doc != null) {
      String userName = doc.getString(USER_NAME);
      String appInfo = doc.getString(ADD_INFO);
      return new UserAccount(userId, userName, appInfo);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }
  /**
   * Write data to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount writeToDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    db.getCollection(USER_ACCOUNT).insertOne(
            new Document(USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
                    .append(USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
                    .append(ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
    );
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount updateDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    Document id = new Document(USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId());
    Document dataSet = new Document(USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo());
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
            .updateOne(id, new Document("$set", dataSet));
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update data if exists.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount upsertDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    String userId = userAccount.getUserId();
    String userName = userAccount.getUserName();
    String additionalInfo = userAccount.getAdditionalInfo();
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
            new Document(USER_ID, userId),
            new Document("$set",
                    new Document(USER_ID, userId)
                            .append(USER_NAME, userName)
                            .append(ADD_INFO, additionalInfo)
            ),
            new UpdateOptions().upsert(true)
    );
    return userAccount;
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/VirtualDb.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/VirtualDb.java
@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 /**
 * Implementation of DatabaseManager.
 * implements base methods to work with hashMap as database.
 */
 public class VirtualDb implements DbManager {
  /**
   * Virtual DataBase.
   */
  private Map<String, UserAccount> db;
  /**
   * Creates new HashMap.
   */
  @Override
  public void connect() {
    db = new HashMap<>();
  }
  @Override
  public void disconnect() {
    db = null;
  }
  /**
   * Read from Db.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount readFromDb(final String userId) {
    if (db.containsKey(userId)) {
      return db.get(userId);
    }
    return null;
  }
  /**
   * Write to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount writeToDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    db.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update reecord in DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount updateDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    return writeToDb(userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Update.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount upsertDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    return updateDb(userAccount);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/package-info.java
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * Database classes.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/package-info.java
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppTest.java
@ -25,21 +25,25 @@ package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 /**
 * Tests that Caching example runs without errors.
 */
 class AppTest {
  /**
   * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
-   * <p>
+   *
   * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
   * throws an exception.
   */
  @Test
  void shouldExecuteApplicationWithoutException() {
    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingTest.java
@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 /**
 * Application test
 */
@ -43,30 +43,32 @@ class CachingTest {
    // to avoid Maven compilation errors. Set flag to true to run the
    // tests with MongoDB (provided that MongoDB is installed and socket
    // connection is open).
-    app = new App(false);
+    AppManager.initDb(false);
    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
    app = new App();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testCacheAsideStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDbTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDbTest.java
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import org.bson.Document;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.Whitebox;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.ADD_INFO;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ID;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_NAME;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 class MongoDbTest {
  private static final String ID = "123";
  private static final String NAME = "Some user";
  private static final String ADDITIONAL_INFO = "Some app Info";
  @Mock
  MongoDatabase db;
  private MongoDb mongoDb = new MongoDb();
  private UserAccount userAccount;
  @BeforeEach
  void init() {
    db = mock(MongoDatabase.class);
    Whitebox.setInternalState(mongoDb, "db", db);
    userAccount = new UserAccount(ID, NAME, ADDITIONAL_INFO);
  }
  @Test
  void connect() {
    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> mongoDb.connect());
  }
  @Test
  void readFromDb() {
    Document document = new Document(USER_ID, ID)
            .append(USER_NAME, NAME)
            .append(ADD_INFO, ADDITIONAL_INFO);
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mock(FindIterable.class);
    when(mongoCollection.find(any(Document.class))).thenReturn(findIterable);
    when(findIterable.first()).thenReturn(document);
    assertEquals(mongoDb.readFromDb(ID),userAccount);
  }
  @Test
  void writeToDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    doNothing().when(mongoCollection).insertOne(any(Document.class));
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.writeToDb(userAccount);});
  }
  @Test
  void updateDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.updateDb(userAccount);});
  }
  @Test
  void upsertDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.upsertDb(userAccount);});
  }
 }
--- a/callback/README.md
+++ b/callback/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ title: Callback
 folder: callback
 permalink: /patterns/callback/
 categories: Idiom
 language: en
 tags:
 - Reactive
 ---
--- a/callback/pom.xml
+++ b/callback/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>callback</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
--- a/chain-of-responsibility/README.md
+++ b/chain-of-responsibility/README.md
@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 ---
 layout: pattern
 title: Chain of responsibility
-folder: chain-of-responsibility
+folder: chain
-permalink: /patterns/chain-of-responsibility/
+permalink: /patterns/chain/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: en
 tags:
 - Gang of Four
 ---
 ## Intent
 Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to 
 handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object 
 handles it.
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
 > The Orc King gives loud orders to his army. The closest one to react is the commander, then 
-> an officer, and then a soldier. The commander, officer, and soldier form a chain of responsibility.
+> officer and then soldier. The commander, officer and soldier here form a chain of responsibility.
 In plain words
@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 **Programmatic Example**
-Translating our example with the orcs from above. First, we have the `Request` class:
+Translating our example with the orcs from above. First we have the `Request` class:
 ```java
 public class Request {
@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ public enum RequestType {
 }
 ```
-Next, we show the request handler hierarchy.
+Then the request handler hierarchy
 ```java
@Slf4j
@ -117,7 +115,7 @@ public class OrcCommander extends RequestHandler {
 ```
-The Orc King gives the orders and forms the chain.
+Then we have the Orc King who gives the orders and forms the chain
 ```java
 public class OrcKing {
@ -137,26 +135,18 @@ public class OrcKing {
 }
 ```
-The chain of responsibility in action.
+Then it is used as follows
 ```java
 var king = new OrcKing();
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle")); // Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner")); // Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax")); // Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
 ```
 The console output.
 ```
 Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
 Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
 Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
 ```
 ## Class diagram
-![alt text](./etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/chain.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
 ## Applicability
@ -166,7 +156,7 @@ Use Chain of Responsibility when
 * You want to issue a request to one of several objects without specifying the receiver explicitly.
 * The set of objects that can handle a request should be specified dynamically.
-## Known uses
+## Real world examples
 * [java.util.logging.Logger#log()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/logging/Logger.html#log%28java.util.logging.Level,%20java.lang.String%29)
 * [Apache Commons Chain](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-chain/index.html)
--- a/chain-of-responsibility/etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.png
+++ b/chain-of-responsibility/etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.png
--- a/chain-of-responsibility/etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.puml
+++ b/chain-of-responsibility/etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.puml
--- a/chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml
+++ b/chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,14 +23,15 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
-  <artifactId>chain-of-responsibility</artifactId>
+  <artifactId>chain</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More