Create snapshots sparsely (#4815 ) (#4816 )

(cherry picked from commit c5e6ebb496)
Set proper count value for account stores (#4797 ) (#4813 )
2019-06-25 12:13:05 -07:00 · 2019-06-25 07:57:40 -07:00 · 2019-06-23 21:30:02 -07:00 · 2019-06-23 20:53:31 -07:00 · 2019-06-22 22:23:16 -07:00 · 2019-06-22 21:26:11 -07:00
651 changed files with 63735 additions and 28078 deletions
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+os: Visual Studio 2017
+version: '{build}'
+
+branches:
+  only:
+  - master
+  - /^v[0-9.]+/
+
+cache:
+  - '%USERPROFILE%\.cargo'
+  - '%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\target'
+
+build_script:
+  - bash ci/publish-tarball.sh
+
+notifications:
+  - provider: Slack
+    incoming_webhook:
+      secure: 6HTXVh+FBz29LGJb+taFOo9dqoADfo9xyAszeyXZF5Ub9t5NERytKAR35B2wb+uIOOCBF8+JhmH4437Cgf/ti4IqvURzW1QReXK7eQhn1EI=
+    channel: ci-status
+    on_build_success: false
+    on_build_failure: true
+    on_build_status_changed: true
+
+deploy:
+  - provider: S3
+    access_key_id:
+      secure: ptvqM/yvgeTeA12XOzybH1KYNh95AdfEvqoH9mvP2ic=
+    secret_access_key:
+      secure: IkrgBlz5hdxvwcJdMXyyHUrpWhKa6fXLOD/8rm/rjKqYCdrba9B8V1nLZVrzXGGy
+    bucket: release.solana.com
+    region: us-west-1
+    set_public: true
+
+  - provider: GitHub
+    auth_token:
+      secure: vQ3jMl5LQrit6+TQONA3ZgQjZ/Ej62BN2ReVb2NSOwjITHMu1131hjc3dOrMEZL6
+    draft: false
+    prerelease: false
+    on:
+      appveyor_repo_tag: true
--- a/.buildkite/env/.gitignore
+++ b/.buildkite/env/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/secrets_unencrypted.ejson
--- a/.buildkite/env/secrets.ejson
+++ b/.buildkite/env/secrets.ejson
@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 {
    "_public_key": "ae29f4f7ad2fc92de70d470e411c8426d5d48db8817c9e3dae574b122192335f",
    "environment": {
-      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:EzVa4Gpj2Qn5OhZQlVfGFchuROgupvnW:CbWc6sNh1GCrAbrncxDjW00zUAD/Sa+ccg7CFSz8Ua6LnCYnSddTBxJWcJEbEs0MrjuZRQ==]",
-      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:qF7QrUM8j+19mptcE1YS71CqmrCM13Ah:TZCatJeT1egCHiufE6cGFC1VsdJkKaaqV6QKWkEsMPBKvOAdaZbbVz9Kl+lGnIsF]",
-      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:PetD/4c/EbkQmFEcK21g3cBBAPwFqHEw:wvYmDZRajy2WngVFs9AlwyHk]",
-      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:WcnqZdmDFtJJ01Zu5LbeGgbYGfRzBdFc:a7c5zDDtCOu5L1Qd2NKkxT6kljyBcbck]",
-      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:LIZgP9Tp9yE9OlpV8iogmLOI7iW7SiU3:x0nYdT1A6sxu+O+MMLIN19d2t6rrK1qJ3+HnoWG3PDodsXjz06YJWQKU/mx6saqH+QbGtGV5mk0=]"
+      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:ks2/ElgxwgxqgmFcxTHANNLmj23YH74h:U4uzRONRfiQyqy6HrPQ/e7OnBUY4HkW37R0iekkF3KJ9UGnHqT1UvwgVbDqLahtDIJ4rWw==]",
+      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:lKMh3aLW+jyRrfS/c7yvkpB+TaPhXqLq:j0v27EbaPgwRdHZAbsM0FlAnt3r9ScQrFbWJYOAZtM3qestEiByTlKpZ0eyF/823]",
+      "GITHUB_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:Ll78c3jGpYqnTwR7HJq3mNNUC7pOv9Lu:GrInO2r8MjmP5c54szkyygdsrW5KQYkDgJQUVyFEPyG8SWfchyM9Gur8RV0a+cdwuxNkHLi4U2M=]",
+      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:IlH/ZLTXv3SwlY3TVyAPCX2KzLRY6iG3:gGmUGSU/kCfR/mTwKONaUC/X]",
+      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:o2qm95GU4VrrcC4OU06jjPvCwKZy/CZF:OW2ga3kLOQJvaDEdGRJ+gn3L2ckFm8AJZtv9wj/GeUIKDH2A4uBPTHsAH9PMe6zujpuHGk3qbeg=]",
+      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:yDWW/uIHsJqOTDYskZoSx3pzoB1vztWY:2z31oTA3g0Xs9fCczGNJRcx8xf/hFCed]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:RqRaHlYUvGPNFJa6gmciaYM3tRJTURUH:q78/3GTHCN3Uqx9z4nOBjPZcO1lOazNoB/mdhGRDFsnAqVd2hU8zbKkqLrZfLlGqyD8WQOFuw5oTJR9qWg6L9LcOyj3pGL8jWF2yjgZxdtNMXnkbSrCWLooWBBLT61jYQnEwg73gT8ld3Q8EVv3T+MeSMu6FnPz+0+bqQCAGgfqksP4hsUAJGzgZu+i0tNOdlT7fxnh5KJK/yFM/CKgN2sRwEjukA9hXsffyB61g2zqzTDJxCUDLbCVrCkA/bfUk7Of/t0W5t0nK1H3oyGZEc/lRMauCknDBka3Gz11dVss2QT19WQNh0u7bHVaT/U4lepX1j9Zv]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_apple_darwin": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:wFDl3INEnA3EQDHRX40avqGe1OMoJxyy:6ncCRVRTIRuYI5o/gayeuWCudWvmKNYr8KEHAWeTq34a5bdcKInBdKhjmjX+wLHqsEwQ5gcyhcxy4Ri2mbuN6AHazfZOZlubQkGlyUOAIYO5D5jkbyIh40DAtjVzo1MD/0HsW9zdGOzqUKp5xJJeDsbR4F153jbxa7fvwF90Q4UQjYFTKAtExEmHtDGSJG48ToVwTabTV/OnISMIggDZBviIv2QWHvXgK07b2mUj34rHJywEDGN1nj5rITTDdUeRcB1x4BAMOe94kTFPSTaj/OszvYlGECt8rkKFqbm092qL+XLfiBaImqe/WJHRCnAj6Don]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_pc_windows_msvc": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:wAh+dBuZopv6vruVOYegUcq/aBnbksT1:qIJfCfDvDWiqicMOkmbJs/0n7UJLKNmgMQaKzeQ8J7Q60YpXbtWzKVW3tS6lzlgf64m3MrPXyo1C+mWh6jkjsb18T/OfggZy1ZHM4AcsOC6/ldUkV5YtuxUQuAmd5jCuV/R7iuYY8Z66AcfAevlb+bnLpgIifdA8fh/IktOo58nZUQwZDdppAacmftsLc6Frn5Er6A6+EXpxK1nmnlmLJ4AJztqlh6X0r+JvE2O7qeoZUXrIegnkxo7Aay7I/dd8zdYpp7ICSiTEtfVN/xNIu/5QmTRU7gWoz7cPl9epq4aiEALzPOzb6KVOiRcsOg+TlFvLQ71Ik5o=]"
    }
 }
--- a/.buildkite/hooks/post-checkout
+++ b/.buildkite/hooks/post-checkout
@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 CI_BUILD_START=$(date +%s)
 export CI_BUILD_START

+source ci/env.sh
+
 #
 # Kill any running docker containers, which are potentially left over from the
 # previous CI job
--- a/.buildkite/hooks/post-command
+++ b/.buildkite/hooks/post-command
@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
  set -x
  rsync -a --delete --link-dest="$PWD" target "$d"
  du -hs "$d"
+  read -r cacheSizeInGB _ < <(du -s --block-size=1800000000 "$d")
+  echo "--- ${cacheSizeInGB}GB: $d"
 )

 #
--- a/.buildkite/hooks/pre-command
+++ b/.buildkite/hooks/pre-command
@ -14,14 +14,18 @@ export PS4="++"
 (
  set -x
  d=$HOME/cargo-target-cache/"$BUILDKITE_LABEL"
+  MAX_CACHE_SIZE=18 # gigabytes

  if [[ -d $d ]]; then
    du -hs "$d"
-    read -r cacheSizeInGB _ < <(du -s --block-size=1000000000 "$d")
-    if [[ $cacheSizeInGB -gt 10 ]]; then
-      echo "$d has gotten too large, removing it"
+    read -r cacheSizeInGB _ < <(du -s --block-size=1800000000 "$d")
+    echo "--- ${cacheSizeInGB}GB: $d"
+    if [[ $cacheSizeInGB -gt $MAX_CACHE_SIZE ]]; then
+      echo "--- $d is too large, removing it"
      rm -rf "$d"
    fi
+  else
+    echo "--- $d not present"
  fi

  mkdir -p "$d"/target
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-/target/
-/ledger-tool/target/
-/wallet/target/
-/core/target/
 /book/html/
 /book/src/img/
 /book/src/tests.ok
+/farf/
+/solana-release/
+/solana-release.tar.bz2
+/solana-metrics/
+/solana-metrics.tar.bz2
+/target/

 **/*.rs.bk
 .cargo
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+os:
+  - osx
+
+language: rust
+cache: cargo
+rust:
+  - 1.35.0
+
+install:
+  - source ci/rust-version.sh
+  - test $rust_stable = $TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION # Update .travis.yml rust version above when this fails
+
+script:
+  - source ci/env.sh
+  - ci/publish-tarball.sh
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+    - /^v\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?(-\S*)?$/
+
+notifications:
+  slack:
+    on_success: change
+    secure: 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
+
+deploy:
+  - provider: s3
+    access_key_id: $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+    secret_access_key: $AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+    bucket: release.solana.com
+    region: us-west-1
+    skip_cleanup: true
+    acl: public_read
+    local_dir: travis-s3-upload
+    on:
+      all_branches: true
+  - provider: releases
+    api_key: $GITHUB_TOKEN
+    skip_cleanup: true
+    file_glob: true
+    file: travis-release-upload/*
+    on:
+      tags: true
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -46,10 +46,17 @@ and longer descriptions detailing what problem it solves and how it solves it.
 Draft Pull Requests
 ---

-If you want early feedback on your PR, use GitHub's "Draft Pull Request" mechanism. Draft
-PRs are a convenient way to collaborate with the Solana maintainers without triggering
-notifications as you make changes. When you feel your PR is ready for a broader audience,
-you can transition your draft PR to a standard PR with the click of a button.
+If you want early feedback on your PR, use GitHub's "Draft Pull Request"
+mechanism. Draft PRs are a convenient way to collaborate with the Solana
+maintainers without triggering notifications as you make changes. When you feel
+your PR is ready for a broader audience, you can transition your draft PR to a
+standard PR with the click of a button.
+
+Do not add reviewers to draft PRs.  GitHub doesn't automatically clear approvals
+when you click "Ready for Review", so a review that meant "I approve of the
+direction" suddenly has the appearance of "I approve of these changes." Instead,
+add a comment that mentions the usernames that you would like a review from. Ask
+explicitly what you would like feedback on.

 Rust coding conventions
 ---
@ -89,24 +96,23 @@ understood. Avoid introducing new 3-letter terms, which can be confused with 3-l
 [Terms currently in use](book/src/terminology.md)


-Proposing architectural changes
+Design Proposals
 ---

 Solana's architecture is described by a book generated from markdown files in
 the `book/src/` directory, maintained by an *editor* (currently @garious). To
-change the architecture, you'll need to at least propose a change the content
-under the [Proposed
-Changes](https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/proposals.html) chapter. Here's
-the full process:
+add a design proposal, you'll need to at least propose a change the content
+under the [Accepted Design
+Proposals](https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/proposals.html) chapter.
+Here's the full process:

-1. Propose to a change to the architecture by creating a PR that adds a
-   markdown document to the directory `book/src/` and references it from the
-   [table of contents](book/src/SUMMARY.md). Add the editor and any relevant
-   *maintainers* to the PR review.
+1. Propose a design by creating a PR that adds a markdown document to the
+   directory `book/src/` and references it from the [table of
+   contents](book/src/SUMMARY.md). Add any relevant *maintainers* to the PR review.
 2. The PR being merged indicates your proposed change was accepted and that the
-   editor and maintainers support your plan of attack.
+   maintainers support your plan of attack.
 3. Submit PRs that implement the proposal. When the implementation reveals the
-   need for tweaks to the architecture, be sure to update the proposal and have
+   need for tweaks to the proposal, be sure to update the proposal and have
   that change reviewed by the same people as in step 1.
-4. Once the implementation is complete, the editor will then work to integrate
-   the document into the book.
+4. Once the implementation is complete, submit a PR that moves the link from
+   the Accepted Proposals to the Implemented Proposals section.
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -1,87 +1,44 @@
-[package]
-name = "solana-workspace"
-description = "Blockchain, Rebuilt for Scale"
-version = "0.12.0"
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/solana"
-homepage = "https://solana.com/"
-readme = "README.md"
-repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
-authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
-license = "Apache-2.0"
-edition = "2018"
-
-[badges]
-codecov = { repository = "solana-labs/solana", branch = "master", service = "github" }
-
-[features]
-chacha = ["solana/chacha"]
-cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
-erasure = ["solana/erasure"]
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-bincode = "1.1.2"
-bs58 = "0.2.0"
-hashbrown = "0.1.8"
-log = "0.4.2"
-rand = "0.6.5"
-rayon = "1.0.0"
-reqwest = "0.9.11"
-serde_json = "1.0.39"
-solana = { path = "core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-netutil = { path = "netutil", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "runtime", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "sdk", version = "0.12.0" }
-sys-info = "0.5.6"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "banking_stage"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "blocktree"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "ledger"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "gen_keys"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "sigverify"
-
-[[bench]]
-required-features = ["chacha"]
-name = "chacha"
-
 [workspace]
 members = [
-    ".",
+    "bench-exchange",
    "bench-streamer",
    "bench-tps",
+    "chacha-sys",
+    "client",
    "core",
    "drone",
-    "fullnode",
+    "validator",
    "genesis",
+    "gossip",
+    "install",
    "keygen",
+    "kvstore",
    "ledger-tool",
    "logger",
+    "merkle-tree",
    "metrics",
+    "netutil",
    "programs/bpf",
-    "programs/bpf_loader",
-    "programs/budget",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_api",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_program",
    "programs/budget_api",
-    "programs/token",
-    "programs/token_api",
-    "programs/failure",
-    "programs/noop",
-    "programs/rewards",
-    "programs/rewards_api",
-    "programs/storage",
+    "programs/budget_program",
+    "programs/config_api",
+    "programs/config_program",
+    "programs/exchange_api",
+    "programs/exchange_program",
+    "programs/failure_program",
+    "programs/noop_program",
+    "programs/stake_api",
+    "programs/stake_program",
    "programs/storage_api",
-    "programs/system",
-    "programs/vote",
+    "programs/storage_program",
+    "programs/token_api",
+    "programs/token_program",
    "programs/vote_api",
+    "programs/vote_program",
    "replicator",
+    "runtime",
    "sdk",
    "upload-perf",
    "vote-signer",
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -30,6 +30,40 @@ Before you jump into the code, review the online book [Solana: Blockchain Rebuil

 (The _latest_ development version of the online book is also [available here](https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/).)

+Release Binaries
+===
+Official release binaries are available at [Github Releases](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases).
+
+Additionally we provide pre-release binaries for the latest code on the edge and
+beta channels.  Note that these pre-release binaries may be less stable than an
+official release.
+
+### Edge channel
+#### Linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) as a stand-alone executable
+#### mac OS (x86_64-apple-darwin)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-apple-darwin) as a stand-alone executable
+#### Windows (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init.exe](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe) as a stand-alone executable
+#### All platforms
+* [solana-metrics.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com.s3.amazonaws.com/edge/solana-metrics.tar.bz2)
+
+### Beta channel
+#### Linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) as a stand-alone executable
+#### mac OS (x86_64-apple-darwin)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-apple-darwin) as a stand-alone executable
+#### Windows (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init.exe](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe) as a stand-alone executable
+#### All platforms
+* [solana-metrics.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com.s3.amazonaws.com/beta/solana-metrics.tar.bz2)
+
 Developing
 ===

@ -41,10 +75,10 @@ Install rustc, cargo and rustfmt:
 ```bash
 $ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
 $ source $HOME/.cargo/env
-$ rustup component add rustfmt-preview
+$ rustup component add rustfmt
 ```

-If your rustc version is lower than 1.31.0, please update it:
+If your rustc version is lower than 1.34.0, please update it:

 ```bash
 $ rustup update
@ -66,7 +100,7 @@ $ cd solana
 Build

 ```bash
-$ cargo build --all
+$ cargo build
 ```

 Then to run a minimal local cluster
@ -80,13 +114,7 @@ Testing
 Run the test suite:

 ```bash
-$ cargo test --all
-```
-
-To emulate all the tests that will run on a Pull Request, run:
-
-```bash
-$ ./ci/run-local.sh
+$ cargo test
 ```

 Local Testnet
@ -131,6 +159,47 @@ can run your own testnet using the scripts in the `net/` directory.
 Edit `ci/testnet-manager.sh`


+## Metrics Server Maintenance
+Sometimes the dashboard becomes unresponsive. This happens due to glitch in the metrics server.
+The current solution is to reset the metrics server. Use the following steps.
+
+1. The server is hosted in a GCP VM instance. Check if the VM instance is down by trying to SSH
+ into it from the GCP console. The name of the VM is ```metrics-solana-com```.
+2. If the VM is inaccessible, reset it from the GCP console.
+3. Once VM is up (or, was already up), the metrics services can be restarted from build automation.
+    1. Navigate to https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/metrics-dot-solana-dot-com in your web browser
+    2. Click on ```New Build```
+    3. This will show a pop up dialog. Click on ```options``` drop down.
+    4. Type in ```FORCE_START=true``` in ```Environment Variables``` text box.
+    5. Click ```Create Build```
+    6. This will restart the metrics services, and the dashboards should be accessible afterwards.
+
+## Debugging Testnet
+Testnet may exhibit different symptoms of failures. Primary statistics to check are
+1. Rise in Confirmation Time
+2. Nodes are not voting
+3. Panics, and OOM notifications
+
+Check the following if there are any signs of failure.
+1. Did testnet deployment fail?
+    1. View buildkite logs for the last deployment: https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management
+    2. Use the relevant branch
+    3. If the deployment failed, look at the build logs. The build artifacts for each remote node is uploaded.
+       It's a good first step to triage from these logs.
+2. You may have to log into remote node if the deployment succeeded, but something failed during runtime.
+    1. Get the private key for the testnet deployment from ```metrics-solana-com``` GCP instance.
+    2. SSH into ```metrics-solana-com``` using GCP console and do the following.
+    ```bash
+    sudo bash
+    cd ~buildkite-agent/.ssh
+    ls
+    ```
+    3. Copy the relevant private key to your local machine
+    4. Find the public IP address of the AWS instance for the remote node using AWS console
+    5. ```ssh -i <private key file> ubuntu@<ip address of remote node>```
+    6. The logs are in ```~solana\solana``` folder
+
+
 Benchmarking
 ---

--- a/RELEASE.md
+++ b/RELEASE.md
@ -61,45 +61,97 @@ There are three release channels that map to branches as follows:

 ## Release Steps

-### Changing channels
-
-When cutting a new channel branch these pre-steps are required:
+### Advance the Channels

+#### Create the new branch
 1. Pick your branch point for release on master.
 1. Create the branch.  The name should be "v" + the first 2 "version" fields
   from Cargo.toml.  For example, a Cargo.toml with version = "0.9.0" implies
   the next branch name is "v0.9".
-1. Push the new branch to the solana repository
-1. Update Cargo.toml on master to the next semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.10.0)
-   by running `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh`, then rebuild with a
-   `cargo build --all` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
+    1.  Note the Cargo.toml in the repo root directory does not contain a version.  Look at any other Cargo.toml file.
+1. Create a new branch and push this branch to the solana repository.
+    1. `git checkout -b <branchname>`
+    1. `git push -u origin <branchname>`
+
+#### Update master with the next version
+
+1. After the new branch has been created and pushed, update Cargo.toml on **master** to the next semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.10.0)
+   by running `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh`, then rebuild with
+   `cargo build` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
 1. Push your Cargo.toml change and the autogenerated Cargo.lock changes to the
   master branch

-At this point, ci/channel-info.sh should show your freshly cut release branch as
+At this point, `ci/channel-info.sh` should show your freshly cut release branch as
 "BETA_CHANNEL" and the previous release branch as "STABLE_CHANNEL".

-### Updating channels (i.e. "making a release")
+### Make the Release

 We use [github's Releases UI](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases) for tagging a release.

 1. Go [there ;)](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases).
 1. Click "Draft new release".  The release tag must exactly match the `version`
   field in `/Cargo.toml` prefixed by `v` (ie, `<branchname>.X`).
-1. If the first major release on the branch (e.g. v0.8.0), paste in [this
+   1.  If the Cargo.toml verion field is **0.12.3**, then the release tag must be **v0.12.3**
+1. If this is the first release on the branch (e.g. v0.13.**0**), paste in [this
   template](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/master/.github/RELEASE_TEMPLATE.md)
   and fill it in.
 1. Test the release by generating a tag using semver's rules.  First try at a
   release should be `<branchname>.X-rc.0`.
 1. Verify release automation:
   1. [Crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/solana) should have an updated Solana version.
-   1. ...
-1. After testnet deployment, verify that testnets are running correct software.
-   http://metrics.solana.com should show testnet running on a hash from your
-   newly created branch.
-1. Once the release has been made, update Cargo.toml on release to the next
+1. Once the release has been made, update Cargo.toml on the release branch to the next
   semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.9.1) by running
-   `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh patch`, then rebuild with a `cargo
-   build --all` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
+   `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh patch`, then rebuild with `cargo
+   build` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
 1. Push your Cargo.toml change and the autogenerated Cargo.lock changes to the
-   release branch
+   release branch.
+
+### Update software on testnet.solana.com
+
+The testnet running on testnet.solana.com is set to use a fixed release tag
+which is set in the Buildkite testnet-management pipeline.
+This tag needs to be updated and the testnet restarted after a new release
+tag is created.
+
+#### Update testnet schedules
+
+Go to https://buildkite.com/solana-labs and click through: Pipelines ->
+testnet-management -> Pipeline Settings -> Schedules
+Or just click here:
+https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management/settings/schedules
+
+There are two scheduled jobs for testnet: a daily restart and an hourly sanity-or-restart. \
+https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management/settings/schedules/0efd7856-7143-4713-8817-47e6bdb05387
+https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management/settings/schedules/2a926646-d972-42b5-aeb9-bb6759592a53
+
+On each schedule:
+1.  Set TESTNET_TAG environment variable to the desired release tag.
+    1. Example, TESTNET_TAG=v0.13.2
+1.  Set the Build Branch to the branch that TESTNET_TAG is from.
+    1. Example: v0.13
+
+#### Restart the testnet
+
+Trigger a TESTNET_OP=create-and-start to refresh the cluster with the new version
+
+1.  Go to https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management
+2.  Click "New Build" and use the following settings, then click "Create Build"
+    1.  Commit: HEAD
+    1.  Branch: [channel branch as set in the schedules]
+    1.  Environment Variables:
+```
+TESTNET=testnet
+TESTNET_TAG=[same value as used in TESTNET_TAG in the schedules]
+TESTNET_OP=create-and-start
+```
+
+#### Update documentation
+
+Document the new recommended version by updating
+```export SOLANA_RELEASE=[new scheduled TESTNET_TAG value]```
+in book/src/testnet-participation.md for both edge and beta channel branches.
+
+### Alert the community
+
+Notify Discord users on #validator-support that a new release for
+testnet.solana.com is available
--- a/bench-exchange/.gitignore
+++ b/bench-exchange/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/target/
+/config/
+/config-local/
--- a/bench-exchange/Cargo.toml
+++ b/bench-exchange/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[package]
+authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+name = "solana-bench-exchange"
+version = "0.16.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage = "https://solana.com/"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+bincode = "1.1.4"
+bs58 = "0.2.0"
+clap = "2.32.0"
+env_logger = "0.6.0"
+itertools = "0.8.0"
+log = "0.4.6"
+num-derive = "0.2"
+num-traits = "0.2"
+rand = "0.6.5"
+rayon = "1.1.0"
+serde = "1.0.92"
+serde_derive = "1.0.92"
+serde_json = "1.0.39"
+serde_yaml = "0.8.9"
+# solana-runtime = { path = "../solana/runtime"}
+solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-exchange-api = { path = "../programs/exchange_api", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-exchange-program = { path = "../programs/exchange_program", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.16.0" }
+untrusted = "0.6.2"
+ws = "0.8.1"
+
+[features]
+cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
+
--- a/bench-exchange/README.md
+++ b/bench-exchange/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+# token-exchange
+Solana Token Exchange Bench
+
+If you can't wait; jump to [Running the exchange](#Running-the-exchange) to
+learn how to start and interact with the exchange.
+
+### Table of Contents
+[Overview](#Overview)<br>
+[Premiss](#Premiss)<br>
+[Exchange startup](#Exchange-startup)<br>
+[Trade requests](#Trade-requests)<br>
+[Trade cancellations](#Trade-cancellations)<br>
+[Trade swap](#Trade-swap)<br>
+[Exchange program operations](#Exchange-program-operations)<br>
+[Quotes and OHLCV](#Quotes-and-OHLCV)<br>
+[Investor strategies](#Investor-strategies)<br>
+[Running the exchange](#Running-the-exchange)<br>
+
+## Overview
+
+An exchange is a marketplace where one asset can be traded for another.  This
+demo demonstrates one way to host an exchange on the Solana blockchain by
+emulating a currency exchange.
+
+The assets are virtual tokens held by investors who may post trade requests to
+the exchange.  A Swapper monitors the exchange and posts swap requests for
+matching trade orders.  All the transactions can execute concurrently.
+
+## Premise
+
+- Exchange
+  -  An exchange is a marketplace where one asset can be traded for another.
+     The exchange in this demo is the on-chain program that implements the
+     tokens and the policies for trading those tokens.
+- Token
+  - A virtual asset that can be owned, traded, and holds virtual intrinsic value
+    compared to other assets.  There are four types of tokens in this demo, A,
+    B, C, D.  Each one may be traded for another.
+- Token account
+  - An account owned by the exchange that holds a quantity of one type of token.
+- Account request
+  - A request to create a token account
+- Token request
+  - A request to deposit tokens of a particular type into a token account.
+- Token pair
+  - A unique ordered list of two tokens.  For the four types of tokens used in
+    this demo, the valid pairs are AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD.
+- Direction of trade
+  - Describes which token in the pair the investor wants to sell and buy and can
+    be either "To" or "From".  For example, if an investor issues a "To" trade
+    for "AB" then they which to exchange A tokens to B tokens.  A "From" order
+    would read the other way,  A tokens from B tokens.
+- Price ratio
+  -  An expression of the relative prices of two tokens.  They consist of the
+     price of the primary token and the price of the secondary token.  For
+     simplicity sake, the primary token's price is always 1, which forces the
+     secondary to be the common denominator.  For example, if token A was worth
+     2 and token B was worth 6, the price ratio would be 1:3 or just 3.  Price
+     ratios are represented as fixed point numbers.  The fixed point scaler is
+     defined in
+     [exchange_state.rs](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/c2fdd1362a029dcf89c8907c562d2079d977df11/programs/exchange_api/src/exchange_state.rs#L7)
+- Trade request
+  - A Solana transaction executed by the exchange requesting the trade of one
+    type of token for another.  Trade requests are made up of the token pair,
+    the direction of the trade, quantity of the primary token, the price ratio,
+    and the two token accounts to be credited/deducted.  An example trade
+    request looks like "T AB 5 2" which reads "Exchange 5 A tokens to B tokens
+    at a price ratio of 1:2"  A fulfilled trade would result in 5 A tokens
+    deducted and 10 B tokens credited to the trade initiator's token accounts.
+    Successful trade requests result in a trade order.
+- Trade order
+  - The result of a successful trade request.  Trade orders are stored in
+    accounts owned by the submitter of the trade request.  They can only be
+    canceled by their owner but can be used by anyone in a trade swap.  They
+    contain the same information as the trade request.
+- Price spread
+  - The difference between the two matching trade orders. The spread is the
+    profit of the Swapper initiating the swap request.
+- Swap requirements
+  - Policies that result in a successful trade swap.
+- Swap request
+  - A request to exchange tokens between to trade orders
+- Trade swap
+  - A successful trade.  A swap consists of two matching trade orders that meet
+    swap requirements.  A trade swap may not wholly satisfy one or both of the
+    trade orders in which case the trade orders are adjusted appropriately.  As
+    long as the swap requirements are met there will be an exchange of tokens
+    between accounts.  Any price spread is deposited into the Swapper's profit
+    account.  All trade swaps are recorded in a new account for posterity.
+- Investor
+  - Individual investors who hold a number of tokens and wish to trade them on
+    the exchange.  Investors operate as Solana thin clients who own a set of
+    accounts containing tokens and/or trade requests.  Investors post
+    transactions to the exchange in order to request tokens and post or cancel
+    trade requests.
+- Swapper
+  - An agent who facilitates trading between investors.  Swappers operate as
+    Solana thin clients who monitor all the trade orders looking for a trade
+    match.  Once found, the Swapper issues a swap request to the exchange.
+    Swappers are the engine of the exchange and are rewarded for their efforts by
+    accumulating the price spreads of the swaps they initiate.  Swappers also
+    provide current bid/ask price and OHLCV (Open, High, Low, Close, Volume)
+    information on demand via a public network port.
+- Transaction fees
+  - Solana transaction fees are paid for by the transaction submitters who are
+    the Investors and Swappers.
+
+## Exchange startup
+
+The exchange is up and running when it reaches a state where it can take
+investor's trades and Swapper's swap requests.  To achieve this state the
+following must occur in order:
+
+- Start the Solana blockchain
+- Start the Swapper thin-client
+- The Swapper subscribes to change notifications for all the accounts owned by
+  the exchange program id.  The subscription is managed via Solana's JSON RPC
+  interface.
+- The Swapper starts responding to queries for bid/ask price and OHLCV
+
+The Swapper responding successfully to price and OHLCV requests is the signal to
+the investors that trades submitted after that point will be analyzed.  <!--This
+is not ideal, and instead investors should be able to submit trades at any time,
+and the Swapper could come and go without missing a trade.  One way to achieve
+this is for the Swapper to read the current state of all accounts looking for all
+open trade orders.-->
+
+Investors will initially query the exchange to discover their current balance
+for each type of token.  If the investor does not already have an account for
+each type of token, they will submit account requests.  Swappers as well will
+request accounts to hold the tokens they earn by initiating trade swaps.
+
+```rust
+/// Supported token types
+pub enum Token {
+    A,
+    B,
+    C,
+    D,
+}
+
+/// Supported token pairs
+pub enum TokenPair {
+    AB,
+    AC,
+    AD,
+    BC,
+    BD,
+    CD,
+}
+
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// New token account
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - New token account
+    AccountRequest,
+}
+
+/// Token accounts are populated with this structure
+pub struct TokenAccountInfo {
+    /// Investor who owns this account
+    pub owner: Pubkey,
+    /// Current number of tokens this account holds
+    pub tokens: Tokens,
+}
+```
+
+For this demo investors or Swappers can request more tokens from the exchange at
+any time by submitting token requests. In non-demos, an exchange of this type
+would provide another way to exchange a 3rd party asset into tokens.
+
+To request tokens, investors submit transfer requests:
+
+```rust
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// Transfer tokens between two accounts
+    /// key 0 - Account to transfer tokens to
+    /// key 1 - Account to transfer tokens from.  This can be the exchange program itself,
+    ///         the exchange has a limitless number of tokens it can transfer.
+    TransferRequest(Token, u64),
+}
+```
+
+## Trade requests
+
+When an investor decides to exchange a token of one type for another, they
+submit a transaction to the Solana Blockchain containing a trade request, which,
+if successful, is turned into a trade order.  Trade orders do not expire but are
+cancellable. <!-- Trade orders should have a timestamp to enable trade
+expiration -->  When a trade order is created, tokens are deducted from a token
+account and the trade order acts as an escrow.  The tokens are held until the
+trade order is fulfilled or canceled. If the direction is `To`, then the number
+of `tokens` are deducted from the primary account, if `From` then `tokens`
+multiplied by `price` are deducted from the secondary account.  Trade orders are
+no longer valid when the number of `tokens` goes to zero, at which point they
+can no longer be used. <!-- Could support refilling trade orders, so trade order
+accounts are refilled rather than accumulating -->
+
+```rust
+/// Direction of the exchange between two tokens in a pair
+pub enum Direction {
+    /// Trade first token type (primary) in the pair 'To' the second
+    To,
+    /// Trade first token type in the pair 'From' the second (secondary)
+    From,
+}
+
+pub struct TradeRequestInfo {
+    /// Direction of trade
+    pub direction: Direction,
+
+    /// Token pair to trade
+    pub pair: TokenPair,
+
+    /// Number of tokens to exchange; refers to the primary or the secondary depending on the direction
+    pub tokens: u64,
+
+    /// The price ratio the primary price over the secondary price.  The primary price is fixed
+    /// and equal to the variable `SCALER`.
+    pub price: u64,
+
+    /// Token account to deposit tokens on successful swap
+    pub dst_account: Pubkey,
+}
+
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// Trade request
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - Account in which to record the swap
+    /// key 2 - Token account associated with this trade
+    TradeRequest(TradeRequestInfo),
+}
+
+/// Trade accounts are populated with this structure
+pub struct TradeOrderInfo {
+    /// Owner of the trade order
+    pub owner: Pubkey,
+    /// Direction of the exchange
+    pub direction: Direction,
+    /// Token pair indicating two tokens to exchange, first is primary
+    pub pair: TokenPair,
+    /// Number of tokens to exchange; primary or secondary depending on direction
+    pub tokens: u64,
+    /// Scaled price of the secondary token given the primary is equal to the scale value
+    /// If scale is 1 and price is 2 then ratio is 1:2 or 1 primary token for 2 secondary tokens
+    pub price: u64,
+    /// account which the tokens were source from.  The trade account holds the tokens in escrow
+    /// until either one or more part of a swap or the trade is canceled.
+    pub src_account: Pubkey,
+    /// account which the tokens the tokens will be deposited into on a successful trade
+    pub dst_account: Pubkey,
+}
+```
+
+## Trade cancellations
+
+An investor may cancel a trade at anytime, but only trades they own.  If the
+cancellation is successful, any tokens held in escrow are returned to the
+account from which they came.
+
+```rust
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// Trade cancellation
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 -Trade order to cancel
+    TradeCancellation,
+}
+```
+
+## Trade swaps
+
+The Swapper is monitoring the accounts assigned to the exchange program and
+building a trade-order table.  The trade order table is used to identify
+matching trade orders which could be fulfilled.  When a match is found the
+Swapper should issue a swap request.  Swap requests may not satisfy the entirety
+of either order, but the exchange will greedily fulfill it.  Any leftover tokens
+in either account will keep the trade order valid for further swap requests in
+the future.
+
+Matching trade orders are defined by the following swap requirements:
+
+- Opposite polarity (one `To` and one `From`)
+- Operate on the same token pair
+- The price ratio of the `From` order is greater than or equal to the `To` order
+- There are sufficient tokens to perform the trade
+
+Orders can be written in the following format:
+
+`investor direction pair quantity price-ratio`
+
+For example:
+
+- `1 T AB 2 1`
+  - Investor 1 wishes to exchange 2 A tokens to B tokens at a ratio of 1 A to 1
+    B
+- `2 F AC 6 1.2`
+  - Investor 2 wishes to exchange A tokens from 6 B tokens at a ratio of 1 A
+    from 1.2 B
+
+An order table could look something like the following. Notice how the columns
+are sorted low to high and high to low, respectively.  Prices are dramatic and
+whole for clarity.
+
+|Row| To          | From       |
+|---|-------------|------------|
+| 1 | 1 T AB 2 4  | 2 F AB 2 8 |
+| 2 | 1 T AB 1 4  | 2 F AB 2 8 |
+| 3 | 1 T AB 6 6  | 2 F AB 2 7 |
+| 4 | 1 T AB 2 8  | 2 F AB 3 6 |
+| 5 | 1 T AB 2 10 | 2 F AB 1 5 |
+
+As part of a successful swap request, the exchange will credit tokens to the
+Swapper's account equal to the difference in the price ratios or the two orders.
+These tokens are considered the Swapper's profit for initiating the trade.
+
+The Swapper would initiate the following swap on the order table above:
+
+  - Row 1, To:   Investor 1 trades 2 A tokens to 8 B tokens
+  - Row 1, From: Investor 2 trades 2 A tokens from 8 B tokens
+  - Swapper takes 8 B tokens as profit
+
+Both row 1 trades are fully realized, table becomes:
+
+|Row| To          | From       |
+|---|-------------|------------|
+| 1 | 1 T AB 1 4  | 2 F AB 2 8 |
+| 2 | 1 T AB 6 6  | 2 F AB 2 7 |
+| 3 | 1 T AB 2 8  | 2 F AB 3 6 |
+| 4 | 1 T AB 2 10 | 2 F AB 1 5 |
+
+The Swapper would initiate the following swap:
+
+  - Row 1, To:   Investor 1 trades 1 A token to 4 B tokens
+  - Row 1, From: Investor 2 trades 1 A token from 4 B tokens
+  - Swapper takes 4 B tokens as profit
+
+Row 1 From is not fully realized, table becomes:
+
+|Row| To          | From       |
+|---|-------------|------------|
+| 1 | 1 T AB 6 6  | 2 F AB 1 8 |
+| 2 | 1 T AB 2 8  | 2 F AB 2 7 |
+| 3 | 1 T AB 2 10 | 2 F AB 3 6 |
+| 4 |             | 2 F AB 1 5 |
+
+The Swapper would initiate the following swap:
+
+  - Row 1, To:   Investor 1 trades 1 A token to 6 B tokens
+  - Row 1, From: Investor 2 trades 1 A token from 6 B tokens
+  - Swapper takes 2 B tokens as profit
+
+Row 1 To is now fully realized, table becomes:
+
+|Row| To          | From       |
+|---|-------------|------------|
+| 1 | 1 T AB 5 6  | 2 F AB 2 7 |
+| 2 | 1 T AB 2 8  | 2 F AB 3 5 |
+| 3 | 1 T AB 2 10 | 2 F AB 1 5 |
+
+The Swapper would initiate the following last swap:
+
+  - Row 1, To:   Investor 1 trades 2 A token to 12 B tokens
+  - Row 1, From: Investor 2 trades 2 A token from 12 B tokens
+  - Swapper takes 4 B tokens as profit
+
+Table becomes:
+
+|Row| To          | From       |
+|---|-------------|------------|
+| 1 | 1 T AB 3 6  | 2 F AB 3 5 |
+| 2 | 1 T AB 2 8  | 2 F AB 1 5 |
+| 3 | 1 T AB 2 10 |            |
+
+At this point the lowest To's price is larger than the largest From's price so
+no more swaps would be initiated until new orders came in.
+
+```rust
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// Trade swap request
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - Account in which to record the swap
+    /// key 2 - 'To' trade order
+    /// key 3 - `From` trade order
+    /// key 4 - Token account associated with the To Trade
+    /// key 5 - Token account associated with From trade
+    /// key 6 - Token account in which to deposit the Swappers profit from the swap.
+    SwapRequest,
+}
+
+/// Swap accounts are populated with this structure
+pub struct TradeSwapInfo {
+    /// Pair swapped
+    pub pair: TokenPair,
+    /// `To` trade order
+    pub to_trade_order: Pubkey,
+    /// `From` trade order
+    pub from_trade_order: Pubkey,
+    /// Number of primary tokens exchanged
+    pub primary_tokens: u64,
+    /// Price the primary tokens were exchanged for
+    pub primary_price: u64,
+    /// Number of secondary tokens exchanged
+    pub secondary_tokens: u64,
+    /// Price the secondary tokens were exchanged for
+    pub secondary_price: u64,
+}
+```
+
+## Exchange program operations
+
+Putting all the commands together from above, the following operations will be
+supported by the on-chain exchange program:
+
+```rust
+pub enum ExchangeInstruction {
+    /// New token account
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - New token account
+    AccountRequest,
+
+    /// Transfer tokens between two accounts
+    /// key 0 - Account to transfer tokens to
+    /// key 1 - Account to transfer tokens from.  This can be the exchange program itself,
+    ///         the exchange has a limitless number of tokens it can transfer.
+    TransferRequest(Token, u64),
+
+    /// Trade request
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - Account in which to record the swap
+    /// key 2 - Token account associated with this trade
+    TradeRequest(TradeRequestInfo),
+
+    /// Trade cancellation
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 -Trade order to cancel
+    TradeCancellation,
+
+    /// Trade swap request
+    /// key 0 - Signer
+    /// key 1 - Account in which to record the swap
+    /// key 2 - 'To' trade order
+    /// key 3 - `From` trade order
+    /// key 4 - Token account associated with the To Trade
+    /// key 5 - Token account associated with From trade
+    /// key 6 - Token account in which to deposit the Swappers profit from the swap.
+    SwapRequest,
+}
+```
+
+## Quotes and OHLCV
+
+The Swapper will provide current bid/ask price quotes based on trade actively and
+also provide OHLCV based on some time window.  The details of how the bid/ask
+price quotes are calculated are yet to be decided.
+
+## Investor strategies
+
+To make a compelling demo, the investors needs to provide interesting trade
+behavior.  Something as simple as a randomly twiddled baseline would be a
+minimum starting point.
+
+## Running the exchange
+
+The exchange bench posts trades and swaps matches as fast as it can.  
+
+You might want to bump the duration up
+to 60 seconds and the batch size to 1000 for better numbers.  You can modify those
+in client_demo/src/demo.rs::test_exchange_local_cluster.
+
+The following command runs the bench:
+
+```bash
+$ RUST_LOG=solana_bench_exchange=info cargo test --release -- --nocapture test_exchange_local_cluster
+```
+
+To also see the cluster messages:
+
+```bash
+$ RUST_LOG=solana_bench_exchange=info,solana=info cargo test --release -- --nocapture test_exchange_local_cluster
+```
+
+
+
--- a/bench-exchange/src/bench.rs
+++ b/bench-exchange/src/bench.rs
--- a/bench-exchange/src/cli.rs
+++ b/bench-exchange/src/cli.rs
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, value_t, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use solana::gen_keys::GenKeys;
+use solana_drone::drone::DRONE_PORT;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair, Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+pub struct Config {
+    pub entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub drone_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub identity: Keypair,
+    pub threads: usize,
+    pub num_nodes: usize,
+    pub duration: Duration,
+    pub transfer_delay: u64,
+    pub fund_amount: u64,
+    pub batch_size: usize,
+    pub chunk_size: usize,
+    pub account_groups: usize,
+    pub client_ids_and_stake_file: String,
+    pub write_to_client_file: bool,
+    pub read_from_client_file: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Config {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8001)),
+            drone_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], DRONE_PORT)),
+            identity: Keypair::new(),
+            num_nodes: 1,
+            threads: 4,
+            duration: Duration::new(u64::max_value(), 0),
+            transfer_delay: 0,
+            fund_amount: 100_000,
+            batch_size: 100,
+            chunk_size: 100,
+            account_groups: 100,
+            client_ids_and_stake_file: String::new(),
+            write_to_client_file: false,
+            read_from_client_file: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
+    App::new(crate_name!())
+        .about(crate_description!())
+        .version(crate_version!())
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("entrypoint")
+                .short("n")
+                .long("entrypoint")
+                .value_name("HOST:PORT")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("127.0.0.1:8001")
+                .help("Cluster entry point; defaults to 127.0.0.1:8001"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("drone")
+                .short("d")
+                .long("drone")
+                .value_name("HOST:PORT")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("127.0.0.1:9900")
+                .help("Location of the drone; defaults to 127.0.0.1:9900"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("identity")
+                .short("i")
+                .long("identity")
+                .value_name("PATH")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help("File containing a client identity (keypair)"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("threads")
+                .long("threads")
+                .value_name("<threads>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("1")
+                .help("Number of threads submitting transactions"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("num-nodes")
+                .long("num-nodes")
+                .value_name("NUM")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("1")
+                .help("Wait for NUM nodes to converge"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("duration")
+                .long("duration")
+                .value_name("SECS")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .default_value("60")
+                .help("Seconds to run benchmark, then exit; default is forever"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("transfer-delay")
+                .long("transfer-delay")
+                .value_name("<delay>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("0")
+                .help("Delay between each chunk"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("fund-amount")
+                .long("fund-amount")
+                .value_name("<fund>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("100000")
+                .help("Number of lamports to fund to each signer"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("batch-size")
+                .long("batch-size")
+                .value_name("<batch>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("1000")
+                .help("Number of transactions before the signer rolls over"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("chunk-size")
+                .long("chunk-size")
+                .value_name("<cunk>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("500")
+                .help("Number of transactions to generate and send at a time"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("account-groups")
+                .long("account-groups")
+                .value_name("<groups>")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .required(false)
+                .default_value("10")
+                .help("Number of account groups to cycle for each batch"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("write-client-keys")
+                .long("write-client-keys")
+                .value_name("FILENAME")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help("Generate client keys and stakes and write the list to YAML file"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("read-client-keys")
+                .long("read-client-keys")
+                .value_name("FILENAME")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help("Read client keys and stakes from the YAML file"),
+        )
+}
+
+pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
+    let mut args = Config::default();
+
+    args.entrypoint_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(matches.value_of("entrypoint").unwrap())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse entrypoint address: {}", e);
+            exit(1)
+        });
+
+    args.drone_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(matches.value_of("drone").unwrap())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse drone address: {}", e);
+            exit(1)
+        });
+
+    if matches.is_present("identity") {
+        args.identity = read_keypair(matches.value_of("identity").unwrap())
+            .expect("can't read client identity");
+    } else {
+        args.identity = {
+            let seed = [42_u8; 32];
+            let mut rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
+            rnd.gen_keypair()
+        };
+    }
+    args.threads = value_t!(matches.value_of("threads"), usize).expect("Failed to parse threads");
+    args.num_nodes =
+        value_t!(matches.value_of("num-nodes"), usize).expect("Failed to parse num-nodes");
+    let duration = value_t!(matches.value_of("duration"), u64).expect("Failed to parse duration");
+    args.duration = Duration::from_secs(duration);
+    args.transfer_delay =
+        value_t!(matches.value_of("transfer-delay"), u64).expect("Failed to parse transfer-delay");
+    args.fund_amount =
+        value_t!(matches.value_of("fund-amount"), u64).expect("Failed to parse fund-amount");
+    args.batch_size =
+        value_t!(matches.value_of("batch-size"), usize).expect("Failed to parse batch-size");
+    args.chunk_size =
+        value_t!(matches.value_of("chunk-size"), usize).expect("Failed to parse chunk-size");
+    args.account_groups = value_t!(matches.value_of("account-groups"), usize)
+        .expect("Failed to parse account-groups");
+
+    if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("write-client-keys") {
+        args.write_to_client_file = true;
+        args.client_ids_and_stake_file = s.to_string();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("read-client-keys") {
+        assert!(!args.write_to_client_file);
+        args.read_from_client_file = true;
+        args.client_ids_and_stake_file = s.to_string();
+    }
+    args
+}
--- a/bench-exchange/src/main.rs
+++ b/bench-exchange/src/main.rs
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+pub mod bench;
+mod cli;
+pub mod order_book;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate solana_exchange_program;
+
+use crate::bench::{airdrop_lamports, create_client_accounts_file, do_bench_exchange, Config};
+use log::*;
+use solana::gossip_service::{discover_cluster, get_multi_client};
+use solana_sdk::signature::KeypairUtil;
+
+fn main() {
+    solana_logger::setup();
+    solana_metrics::set_panic_hook("bench-exchange");
+
+    let matches = cli::build_args().get_matches();
+    let cli_config = cli::extract_args(&matches);
+
+    let cli::Config {
+        entrypoint_addr,
+        drone_addr,
+        identity,
+        threads,
+        num_nodes,
+        duration,
+        transfer_delay,
+        fund_amount,
+        batch_size,
+        chunk_size,
+        account_groups,
+        client_ids_and_stake_file,
+        write_to_client_file,
+        read_from_client_file,
+        ..
+    } = cli_config;
+
+    let config = Config {
+        identity,
+        threads,
+        duration,
+        transfer_delay,
+        fund_amount,
+        batch_size,
+        chunk_size,
+        account_groups,
+        client_ids_and_stake_file,
+        read_from_client_file,
+    };
+
+    if write_to_client_file {
+        create_client_accounts_file(
+            &config.client_ids_and_stake_file,
+            config.batch_size,
+            config.account_groups,
+            config.fund_amount,
+        );
+    } else {
+        info!("Connecting to the cluster");
+        let (nodes, _replicators) =
+            discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                panic!("Failed to discover nodes");
+            });
+
+        let (client, num_clients) = get_multi_client(&nodes);
+
+        info!("{} nodes found", num_clients);
+        if num_clients < num_nodes {
+            panic!("Error: Insufficient nodes discovered");
+        }
+
+        if !read_from_client_file {
+            info!("Funding keypair: {}", config.identity.pubkey());
+
+            let accounts_in_groups = batch_size * account_groups;
+            const NUM_SIGNERS: u64 = 2;
+            airdrop_lamports(
+                &client,
+                &drone_addr,
+                &config.identity,
+                fund_amount * (accounts_in_groups + 1) as u64 * NUM_SIGNERS,
+            );
+        }
+        do_bench_exchange(vec![client], config);
+    }
+}
--- a/bench-exchange/src/order_book.rs
+++ b/bench-exchange/src/order_book.rs
@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use itertools::EitherOrBoth::{Both, Left, Right};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use log::*;
+use solana_exchange_api::exchange_state::*;
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ToOrder {
+    pub pubkey: Pubkey,
+    pub info: TradeOrderInfo,
+}
+
+impl Ord for ToOrder {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        other.info.price.cmp(&self.info.price)
+    }
+}
+impl PartialOrd for ToOrder {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct FromOrder {
+    pub pubkey: Pubkey,
+    pub info: TradeOrderInfo,
+}
+
+impl Ord for FromOrder {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.info.price.cmp(&other.info.price)
+    }
+}
+impl PartialOrd for FromOrder {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct OrderBook {
+    // TODO scale to x token types
+    to_ab: BinaryHeap<ToOrder>,
+    from_ab: BinaryHeap<FromOrder>,
+}
+impl fmt::Display for OrderBook {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        writeln!(
+            f,
+            "+-Order Book--------------------------+-------------------------------------+"
+        )?;
+        for (i, it) in self
+            .to_ab
+            .iter()
+            .zip_longest(self.from_ab.iter())
+            .enumerate()
+        {
+            match it {
+                Both(to, from) => writeln!(
+                    f,
+                    "| T AB {:8} for {:8}/{:8} | F AB {:8} for {:8}/{:8} |{}",
+                    to.info.tokens,
+                    SCALER,
+                    to.info.price,
+                    from.info.tokens,
+                    SCALER,
+                    from.info.price,
+                    i
+                )?,
+                Left(to) => writeln!(
+                    f,
+                    "| T AB {:8} for {:8}/{:8} |                                     |{}",
+                    to.info.tokens, SCALER, to.info.price, i
+                )?,
+                Right(from) => writeln!(
+                    f,
+                    "|                                     | F AB {:8} for {:8}/{:8} |{}",
+                    from.info.tokens, SCALER, from.info.price, i
+                )?,
+            }
+        }
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+"
+        )?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl OrderBook {
+    // TODO
+    // pub fn cancel(&mut self, pubkey: Pubkey) -> Result<(), Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+    //     Ok(())
+    // }
+    pub fn push(
+        &mut self,
+        pubkey: Pubkey,
+        info: TradeOrderInfo,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        check_trade(info.direction, info.tokens, info.price)?;
+        match info.direction {
+            Direction::To => {
+                self.to_ab.push(ToOrder { pubkey, info });
+            }
+            Direction::From => {
+                self.from_ab.push(FromOrder { pubkey, info });
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<(ToOrder, FromOrder)> {
+        if let Some(pair) = Self::pop_pair(&mut self.to_ab, &mut self.from_ab) {
+            return Some(pair);
+        }
+        None
+    }
+    pub fn get_num_outstanding(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (self.to_ab.len(), self.from_ab.len())
+    }
+
+    fn pop_pair(
+        to_ab: &mut BinaryHeap<ToOrder>,
+        from_ab: &mut BinaryHeap<FromOrder>,
+    ) -> Option<(ToOrder, FromOrder)> {
+        let to = to_ab.peek()?;
+        let from = from_ab.peek()?;
+        if from.info.price < to.info.price {
+            debug!("Trade not viable");
+            return None;
+        }
+        let to = to_ab.pop()?;
+        let from = from_ab.pop()?;
+        Some((to, from))
+    }
+}
--- a/bench-streamer/.gitignore
+++ b/bench-streamer/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target/
--- a/bench-streamer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/bench-streamer/Cargo.toml
@ -2,16 +2,17 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-streamer"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.16.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"

 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.32.0"
-solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.12.0" }
+clap = "2.33.0"
+solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.16.0" }

 [features]
 cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
+
--- a/bench-streamer/src/main.rs
+++ b/bench-streamer/src/main.rs
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use clap::{App, Arg};
-use solana::packet::{Packet, SharedPackets, BLOB_SIZE, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg};
+use solana::packet::{Packet, Packets, BLOB_SIZE, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
 use solana::result::Result;
 use solana::streamer::{receiver, PacketReceiver};
 use std::cmp::max;
@ -14,19 +14,19 @@ use std::time::SystemTime;

 fn producer(addr: &SocketAddr, exit: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> JoinHandle<()> {
    let send = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
-    let msgs = SharedPackets::default();
-    let msgs_ = msgs.clone();
-    msgs.write().unwrap().packets.resize(10, Packet::default());
-    for w in &mut msgs.write().unwrap().packets {
+    let mut msgs = Packets::default();
+    msgs.packets.resize(10, Packet::default());
+    for w in &mut msgs.packets {
        w.meta.size = PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
        w.meta.set_addr(&addr);
    }
+    let msgs = Arc::new(msgs);
    spawn(move || loop {
        if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
            return;
        }
        let mut num = 0;
-        for p in &msgs_.read().unwrap().packets {
+        for p in &msgs.packets {
            let a = p.meta.addr();
            assert!(p.meta.size < BLOB_SIZE);
            send.send_to(&p.data[..p.meta.size], &a).unwrap();
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ fn sink(exit: Arc<AtomicBool>, rvs: Arc<AtomicUsize>, r: PacketReceiver) -> Join
        }
        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
        if let Ok(msgs) = r.recv_timeout(timer) {
-            rvs.fetch_add(msgs.read().unwrap().packets.len(), Ordering::Relaxed);
+            rvs.fetch_add(msgs.packets.len(), Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
    })
 }
@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ fn sink(exit: Arc<AtomicBool>, rvs: Arc<AtomicUsize>, r: PacketReceiver) -> Join
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let mut num_sockets = 1usize;

-    let matches = App::new("solana-bench-streamer")
+    let matches = App::new(crate_name!())
+        .about(crate_description!())
+        .version(crate_version!())
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("num-recv-sockets")
                .long("num-recv-sockets")
@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {

        let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
        read_channels.push(r_reader);
-        read_threads.push(receiver(Arc::new(read), &exit, s_reader, "bench-streamer"));
+        read_threads.push(receiver(Arc::new(read), &exit, s_reader));
    }

    let t_producer1 = producer(&addr, exit.clone());
--- a/bench-tps/.gitignore
+++ b/bench-tps/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/target/
+/config/
+/config-local/
--- a/bench-tps/Cargo.toml
+++ b/bench-tps/Cargo.toml
@ -2,20 +2,28 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-tps"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.16.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"

 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.32.0"
-rayon = "1.0.3"
+clap = "2.33.0"
+log = "0.4.6"
+rayon = "1.1.0"
+serde = "1.0.92"
+serde_derive = "1.0.92"
 serde_json = "1.0.39"
-solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.12.0" }
+serde_yaml = "0.8.9"
+solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.16.0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.16.0" }

 [features]
 cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
+
--- a/bench-tps/src/bench.rs
+++ b/bench-tps/src/bench.rs
@ -1,188 +1,234 @@
 use solana_metrics;

+use log::*;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana::client::mk_client;
-use solana::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-use solana::thin_client::ThinClient;
+use solana::gen_keys::GenKeys;
+use solana_client::perf_utils::{sample_txs, SampleStats};
 use solana_drone::drone::request_airdrop_transaction;
-use solana_metrics::influxdb;
+use solana_metrics::datapoint_info;
+use solana_sdk::client::Client;
 use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
-use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+use solana_sdk::system_instruction;
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
 use solana_sdk::timing::timestamp;
 use solana_sdk::timing::{duration_as_ms, duration_as_s};
 use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
 use std::cmp;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
-use std::process::exit;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::thread::Builder;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;

-pub struct NodeStats {
-    /// Maximum TPS reported by this node
-    pub tps: f64,
-    /// Total transactions reported by this node
-    pub tx: u64,
+pub const MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX: u64 = 4;
+pub const NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT: u64 = 128;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum BenchTpsError {
+    AirdropFailure,
 }

-pub const MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX: usize = 4;
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, BenchTpsError>;

 pub type SharedTransactions = Arc<RwLock<VecDeque<Vec<(Transaction, u64)>>>>;

-pub fn metrics_submit_lamport_balance(lamport_balance: u64) {
+pub struct Config {
+    pub id: Keypair,
+    pub threads: usize,
+    pub thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
+    pub duration: Duration,
+    pub tx_count: usize,
+    pub sustained: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Config {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: Keypair::new(),
+            threads: 4,
+            thread_batch_sleep_ms: 0,
+            duration: Duration::new(std::u64::MAX, 0),
+            tx_count: 500_000,
+            sustained: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn do_bench_tps<T>(
+    clients: Vec<T>,
+    config: Config,
+    gen_keypairs: Vec<Keypair>,
+    keypair0_balance: u64,
+) -> u64
+where
+    T: 'static + Client + Send + Sync,
+{
+    let Config {
+        id,
+        threads,
+        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
+        duration,
+        tx_count,
+        sustained,
+    } = config;
+
+    let clients: Vec<_> = clients.into_iter().map(Arc::new).collect();
+    let client = &clients[0];
+
+    let start = gen_keypairs.len() - (tx_count * 2) as usize;
+    let keypairs = &gen_keypairs[start..];
+
+    let first_tx_count = client.get_transaction_count().expect("transaction count");
+    println!("Initial transaction count {}", first_tx_count);
+
+    let exit_signal = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+    // Setup a thread per validator to sample every period
+    // collect the max transaction rate and total tx count seen
+    let maxes = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
+    let sample_period = 1; // in seconds
+    println!("Sampling TPS every {} second...", sample_period);
+    let v_threads: Vec<_> = clients
+        .iter()
+        .map(|client| {
+            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
+            let maxes = maxes.clone();
+            let client = client.clone();
+            Builder::new()
+                .name("solana-client-sample".to_string())
+                .spawn(move || {
+                    sample_txs(&exit_signal, &maxes, sample_period, &client);
+                })
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let shared_txs: SharedTransactions = Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()));
+
+    let shared_tx_active_thread_count = Arc::new(AtomicIsize::new(0));
+    let total_tx_sent_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let s_threads: Vec<_> = (0..threads)
+        .map(|_| {
+            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
+            let shared_txs = shared_txs.clone();
+            let shared_tx_active_thread_count = shared_tx_active_thread_count.clone();
+            let total_tx_sent_count = total_tx_sent_count.clone();
+            let client = client.clone();
+            Builder::new()
+                .name("solana-client-sender".to_string())
+                .spawn(move || {
+                    do_tx_transfers(
+                        &exit_signal,
+                        &shared_txs,
+                        &shared_tx_active_thread_count,
+                        &total_tx_sent_count,
+                        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
+                        &client,
+                    );
+                })
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    // generate and send transactions for the specified duration
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = false;
+    let mut i = keypair0_balance;
+    let mut blockhash = Hash::default();
+    let mut blockhash_time = Instant::now();
+    while start.elapsed() < duration {
+        // ping-pong between source and destination accounts for each loop iteration
+        // this seems to be faster than trying to determine the balance of individual
+        // accounts
+        let len = tx_count as usize;
+        if let Ok((new_blockhash, _fee_calculator)) = client.get_new_blockhash(&blockhash) {
+            blockhash = new_blockhash;
+        } else {
+            if blockhash_time.elapsed().as_secs() > 30 {
+                panic!("Blockhash is not updating");
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+            continue;
+        }
+        blockhash_time = Instant::now();
+        let balance = client.get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
+        metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
+        generate_txs(
+            &shared_txs,
+            &blockhash,
+            &keypairs[..len],
+            &keypairs[len..],
+            threads,
+            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account,
+        );
+        // In sustained mode overlap the transfers with generation
+        // this has higher average performance but lower peak performance
+        // in tested environments.
+        if !sustained {
+            while shared_tx_active_thread_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) > 0 {
+                sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        i += 1;
+        if should_switch_directions(NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT, i) {
+            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = !reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Stop the sampling threads so it will collect the stats
+    exit_signal.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+    println!("Waiting for validator threads...");
+    for t in v_threads {
+        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
+            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // join the tx send threads
+    println!("Waiting for transmit threads...");
+    for t in s_threads {
+        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
+            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let balance = client.get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
+    metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
+
+    compute_and_report_stats(
+        &maxes,
+        sample_period,
+        &start.elapsed(),
+        total_tx_sent_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+    );
+
+    let r_maxes = maxes.read().unwrap();
+    r_maxes.first().unwrap().1.txs
+}
+
+fn metrics_submit_lamport_balance(lamport_balance: u64) {
    println!("Token balance: {}", lamport_balance);
-    solana_metrics::submit(
-        influxdb::Point::new("bench-tps")
-            .add_tag("op", influxdb::Value::String("lamport_balance".to_string()))
-            .add_field("balance", influxdb::Value::Integer(lamport_balance as i64))
-            .to_owned(),
+    datapoint_info!(
+        "bench-tps-lamport_balance",
+        ("balance", lamport_balance, i64)
    );
 }

-pub fn sample_tx_count(
-    exit_signal: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    maxes: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<(SocketAddr, NodeStats)>>>,
-    first_tx_count: u64,
-    v: &ContactInfo,
-    sample_period: u64,
-) {
-    let mut client = mk_client(&v);
-    let mut now = Instant::now();
-    let mut initial_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
-    let mut max_tps = 0.0;
-    let mut total;
-
-    let log_prefix = format!("{:21}:", v.tpu.to_string());
-
-    loop {
-        let tx_count = client.transaction_count();
-        assert!(
-            tx_count >= initial_tx_count,
-            "expected tx_count({}) >= initial_tx_count({})",
-            tx_count,
-            initial_tx_count
-        );
-        let duration = now.elapsed();
-        now = Instant::now();
-        let sample = tx_count - initial_tx_count;
-        initial_tx_count = tx_count;
-
-        let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
-        let tps = (sample * 1_000_000_000) as f64 / ns as f64;
-        if tps > max_tps {
-            max_tps = tps;
-        }
-        if tx_count > first_tx_count {
-            total = tx_count - first_tx_count;
-        } else {
-            total = 0;
-        }
-        println!(
-            "{} {:9.2} TPS, Transactions: {:6}, Total transactions: {}",
-            log_prefix, tps, sample, total
-        );
-        sleep(Duration::new(sample_period, 0));
-
-        if exit_signal.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-            println!("{} Exiting validator thread", log_prefix);
-            let stats = NodeStats {
-                tps: max_tps,
-                tx: total,
-            };
-            maxes.write().unwrap().push((v.tpu, stats));
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Send loopback payment of 0 lamports and confirm the network processed it
-pub fn send_barrier_transaction(
-    barrier_client: &mut ThinClient,
-    blockhash: &mut Hash,
-    source_keypair: &Keypair,
-    dest_id: &Pubkey,
-) {
-    let transfer_start = Instant::now();
-
-    let mut poll_count = 0;
-    loop {
-        if poll_count > 0 && poll_count % 8 == 0 {
-            println!(
-                "polling for barrier transaction confirmation, attempt {}",
-                poll_count
-            );
-        }
-
-        *blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash();
-        let signature = barrier_client
-            .transfer(0, &source_keypair, dest_id, blockhash)
-            .expect("Unable to send barrier transaction");
-
-        let confirmatiom = barrier_client.poll_for_signature(&signature);
-        let duration_ms = duration_as_ms(&transfer_start.elapsed());
-        if confirmatiom.is_ok() {
-            println!("barrier transaction confirmed in {} ms", duration_ms);
-
-            solana_metrics::submit(
-                influxdb::Point::new("bench-tps")
-                    .add_tag(
-                        "op",
-                        influxdb::Value::String("send_barrier_transaction".to_string()),
-                    )
-                    .add_field("poll_count", influxdb::Value::Integer(poll_count))
-                    .add_field("duration", influxdb::Value::Integer(duration_ms as i64))
-                    .to_owned(),
-            );
-
-            // Sanity check that the client balance is still 1
-            let balance = barrier_client
-                .poll_balance_with_timeout(
-                    &source_keypair.pubkey(),
-                    &Duration::from_millis(100),
-                    &Duration::from_secs(10),
-                )
-                .expect("Failed to get balance");
-            if balance != 1 {
-                panic!("Expected an account balance of 1 (balance: {}", balance);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-
-        // Timeout after 3 minutes.  When running a CPU-only leader+validator+drone+bench-tps on a dev
-        // machine, some batches of transactions can take upwards of 1 minute...
-        if duration_ms > 1000 * 60 * 3 {
-            println!("Error: Couldn't confirm barrier transaction!");
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-        let new_blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash();
-        if new_blockhash == *blockhash {
-            if poll_count > 0 && poll_count % 8 == 0 {
-                println!("blockhash is not advancing, still at {:?}", *blockhash);
-            }
-        } else {
-            *blockhash = new_blockhash;
-        }
-
-        poll_count += 1;
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn generate_txs(
+fn generate_txs(
    shared_txs: &SharedTransactions,
+    blockhash: &Hash,
    source: &[Keypair],
    dest: &[Keypair],
    threads: usize,
    reclaim: bool,
-    contact_info: &ContactInfo,
 ) {
-    let mut client = mk_client(contact_info);
-    let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
    let tx_count = source.len();
    println!("Signing transactions... {} (reclaim={})", tx_count, reclaim);
    let signing_start = Instant::now();
@ -196,7 +242,7 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
        .par_iter()
        .map(|(id, keypair)| {
            (
-                SystemTransaction::new_account(id, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0),
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(id, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, *blockhash),
                timestamp(),
            )
        })
@ -213,14 +259,9 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
        duration_as_ms(&duration),
        blockhash,
    );
-    solana_metrics::submit(
-        influxdb::Point::new("bench-tps")
-            .add_tag("op", influxdb::Value::String("generate_txs".to_string()))
-            .add_field(
-                "duration",
-                influxdb::Value::Integer(duration_as_ms(&duration) as i64),
-            )
-            .to_owned(),
+    datapoint_info!(
+        "bench-tps-generate_txs",
+        ("duration", duration_as_ms(&duration), i64)
    );

    let sz = transactions.len() / threads;
@ -233,22 +274,21 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
    }
 }

-pub fn do_tx_transfers(
+fn do_tx_transfers<T: Client>(
    exit_signal: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
    shared_txs: &SharedTransactions,
-    contact_info: &ContactInfo,
    shared_tx_thread_count: &Arc<AtomicIsize>,
    total_tx_sent_count: &Arc<AtomicUsize>,
    thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
+    client: &Arc<T>,
 ) {
-    let client = mk_client(&contact_info);
    loop {
        if thread_batch_sleep_ms > 0 {
            sleep(Duration::from_millis(thread_batch_sleep_ms as u64));
        }
        let txs;
        {
-            let mut shared_txs_wl = shared_txs.write().unwrap();
+            let mut shared_txs_wl = shared_txs.write().expect("write lock in do_tx_transfers");
            txs = shared_txs_wl.pop_front();
        }
        if let Some(txs0) = txs {
@ -256,7 +296,7 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
            println!(
                "Transferring 1 unit {} times... to {}",
                txs0.len(),
-                contact_info.tpu
+                client.as_ref().transactions_addr(),
            );
            let tx_len = txs0.len();
            let transfer_start = Instant::now();
@ -265,7 +305,9 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
                if now > tx.1 && now - tx.1 > 1000 * 30 {
                    continue;
                }
-                client.transfer_signed(&tx.0).unwrap();
+                client
+                    .async_send_transaction(tx.0)
+                    .expect("async_send_transaction in do_tx_transfers");
            }
            shared_tx_thread_count.fetch_add(-1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            total_tx_sent_count.fetch_add(tx_len, Ordering::Relaxed);
@ -274,15 +316,10 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
                duration_as_ms(&transfer_start.elapsed()),
                tx_len as f32 / duration_as_s(&transfer_start.elapsed()),
            );
-            solana_metrics::submit(
-                influxdb::Point::new("bench-tps")
-                    .add_tag("op", influxdb::Value::String("do_tx_transfers".to_string()))
-                    .add_field(
-                        "duration",
-                        influxdb::Value::Integer(duration_as_ms(&transfer_start.elapsed()) as i64),
-                    )
-                    .add_field("count", influxdb::Value::Integer(tx_len as i64))
-                    .to_owned(),
+            datapoint_info!(
+                "bench-tps-do_tx_transfers",
+                ("duration", duration_as_ms(&transfer_start.elapsed()), i64),
+                ("count", tx_len, i64)
            );
        }
        if exit_signal.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
@ -291,8 +328,8 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
    }
 }

-pub fn verify_funding_transfer(client: &mut ThinClient, tx: &Transaction, amount: u64) -> bool {
-    for a in &tx.account_keys[1..] {
+fn verify_funding_transfer<T: Client>(client: &T, tx: &Transaction, amount: u64) -> bool {
+    for a in &tx.message().account_keys[1..] {
        if client.get_balance(a).unwrap_or(0) >= amount {
            return true;
        }
@ -304,8 +341,13 @@ pub fn verify_funding_transfer(client: &mut ThinClient, tx: &Transaction, amount
 /// fund the dests keys by spending all of the source keys into MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX
 /// on every iteration.  This allows us to replay the transfers because the source is either empty,
 /// or full
-pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], lamports: u64) {
-    let total = lamports * dests.len() as u64;
+pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(
+    client: &T,
+    source: &Keypair,
+    dests: &[Keypair],
+    total: u64,
+    lamports_per_signature: u64,
+) {
    let mut funded: Vec<(&Keypair, u64)> = vec![(source, total)];
    let mut notfunded: Vec<&Keypair> = dests.iter().collect();

@ -315,12 +357,12 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
        let mut to_fund = vec![];
        println!("creating from... {}", funded.len());
        for f in &mut funded {
-            let max_units = cmp::min(notfunded.len(), MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX);
+            let max_units = cmp::min(notfunded.len() as u64, MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX);
            if max_units == 0 {
                break;
            }
-            let start = notfunded.len() - max_units;
-            let per_unit = f.1 / (max_units as u64);
+            let start = notfunded.len() - max_units as usize;
+            let per_unit = (f.1 - max_units * lamports_per_signature) / max_units;
            let moves: Vec<_> = notfunded[start..]
                .iter()
                .map(|k| (k.pubkey(), per_unit))
@ -348,7 +390,10 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                .map(|(k, m)| {
                    (
                        k.clone(),
-                        SystemTransaction::new_move_many(k, &m, Hash::default(), 0),
+                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(system_instruction::transfer_many(
+                            &k.pubkey(),
+                            &m,
+                        )),
                    )
                })
                .collect();
@ -358,7 +403,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
            while !to_fund_txs.is_empty() {
                let receivers = to_fund_txs
                    .iter()
-                    .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.instructions.len());
+                    .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.message().instructions.len());

                println!(
                    "{} {} to {} in {} txs",
@ -372,7 +417,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                    to_fund_txs.len(),
                );

-                let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
+                let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();

                // re-sign retained to_fund_txes with updated blockhash
                to_fund_txs.par_iter_mut().for_each(|(k, tx)| {
@ -380,13 +425,19 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                });

                to_fund_txs.iter().for_each(|(_, tx)| {
-                    client.transfer_signed(&tx).expect("transfer");
+                    client.async_send_transaction(tx.clone()).expect("transfer");
                });

                // retry anything that seems to have dropped through cracks
                //  again since these txs are all or nothing, they're fine to
                //  retry
-                to_fund_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_funding_transfer(client, &tx, amount));
+                for _ in 0..10 {
+                    to_fund_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_funding_transfer(client, &tx, amount));
+                    if to_fund_txs.is_empty() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+                }

                tries += 1;
            }
@ -397,13 +448,13 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
    }
 }

-pub fn airdrop_lamports(
-    client: &mut ThinClient,
+pub fn airdrop_lamports<T: Client>(
+    client: &T,
    drone_addr: &SocketAddr,
    id: &Keypair,
    tx_count: u64,
-) {
-    let starting_balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let starting_balance = client.get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
    metrics_submit_lamport_balance(starting_balance);
    println!("starting balance {}", starting_balance);

@ -416,11 +467,18 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports(
            id.pubkey(),
        );

-        let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
+        let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
        match request_airdrop_transaction(&drone_addr, &id.pubkey(), airdrop_amount, blockhash) {
            Ok(transaction) => {
-                let signature = client.transfer_signed(&transaction).unwrap();
-                client.poll_for_signature(&signature).unwrap();
+                let signature = client.async_send_transaction(transaction).unwrap();
+                client
+                    .poll_for_signature_confirmation(&signature, 1)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        panic!(
+                            "Error requesting airdrop: to addr: {:?} amount: {}",
+                            drone_addr, airdrop_amount
+                        )
+                    })
            }
            Err(err) => {
                panic!(
@ -430,7 +488,7 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports(
            }
        };

-        let current_balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        let current_balance = client.get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
            println!("airdrop error {}", e);
            starting_balance
        });
@ -444,13 +502,14 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports(
                current_balance,
                starting_balance
            );
-            exit(1);
+            return Err(BenchTpsError::AirdropFailure);
        }
    }
+    Ok(())
 }

-pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
-    maxes: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<(SocketAddr, NodeStats)>>>,
+fn compute_and_report_stats(
+    maxes: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<(String, SampleStats)>>>,
    sample_period: u64,
    tx_send_elapsed: &Duration,
    total_tx_send_count: usize,
@ -464,17 +523,14 @@ pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
    println!("---------------------+---------------+--------------------");

    for (sock, stats) in maxes.read().unwrap().iter() {
-        let maybe_flag = match stats.tx {
+        let maybe_flag = match stats.txs {
            0 => "!!!!!",
            _ => "",
        };

        println!(
            "{:20} | {:13.2} | {} {}",
-            (*sock).to_string(),
-            stats.tps,
-            stats.tx,
-            maybe_flag
+            sock, stats.tps, stats.txs, maybe_flag
        );

        if stats.tps == 0.0 {
@ -485,27 +541,33 @@ pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
        if stats.tps > max_of_maxes {
            max_of_maxes = stats.tps;
        }
-        if stats.tx > max_tx_count {
-            max_tx_count = stats.tx;
+        if stats.txs > max_tx_count {
+            max_tx_count = stats.txs;
        }
    }

    if total_maxes > 0.0 {
        let num_nodes_with_tps = maxes.read().unwrap().len() - nodes_with_zero_tps;
-        let average_max = total_maxes / num_nodes_with_tps as f64;
+        let average_max = total_maxes / num_nodes_with_tps as f32;
        println!(
            "\nAverage max TPS: {:.2}, {} nodes had 0 TPS",
            average_max, nodes_with_zero_tps
        );
    }

+    let total_tx_send_count = total_tx_send_count as u64;
+    let drop_rate = if total_tx_send_count > max_tx_count {
+        (total_tx_send_count - max_tx_count) as f64 / total_tx_send_count as f64
+    } else {
+        0.0
+    };
    println!(
        "\nHighest TPS: {:.2} sampling period {}s max transactions: {} clients: {} drop rate: {:.2}",
        max_of_maxes,
        sample_period,
        max_tx_count,
        maxes.read().unwrap().len(),
-        (total_tx_send_count as u64 - max_tx_count) as f64 / total_tx_send_count as f64,
+        drop_rate,
    );
    println!(
        "\tAverage TPS: {}",
@ -516,13 +578,78 @@ pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
 // First transfer 3/4 of the lamports to the dest accounts
 // then ping-pong 1/4 of the lamports back to the other account
 // this leaves 1/4 lamport buffer in each account
-pub fn should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account: u64, i: u64) -> bool {
+fn should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account: u64, i: u64) -> bool {
    i % (num_lamports_per_account / 4) == 0 && (i >= (3 * num_lamports_per_account) / 4)
 }

+pub fn generate_keypairs(seed_keypair: &Keypair, count: u64) -> Vec<Keypair> {
+    let mut seed = [0u8; 32];
+    seed.copy_from_slice(&seed_keypair.to_bytes()[..32]);
+    let mut rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
+
+    let mut total_keys = 1;
+    while total_keys < count {
+        total_keys *= MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX;
+    }
+    rnd.gen_n_keypairs(total_keys)
+}
+
+pub fn generate_and_fund_keypairs<T: Client>(
+    client: &T,
+    drone_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
+    funding_pubkey: &Keypair,
+    tx_count: usize,
+    lamports_per_account: u64,
+) -> Result<(Vec<Keypair>, u64)> {
+    info!("Creating {} keypairs...", tx_count * 2);
+    let mut keypairs = generate_keypairs(funding_pubkey, tx_count as u64 * 2);
+
+    info!("Get lamports...");
+
+    // Sample the first keypair, see if it has lamports, if so then resume.
+    // This logic is to prevent lamport loss on repeated solana-bench-tps executions
+    let last_keypair_balance = client
+        .get_balance(&keypairs[tx_count * 2 - 1].pubkey())
+        .unwrap_or(0);
+
+    if lamports_per_account > last_keypair_balance {
+        let (_, fee_calculator) = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
+        let extra =
+            lamports_per_account - last_keypair_balance + fee_calculator.max_lamports_per_signature;
+        let total = extra * (keypairs.len() as u64);
+        if client.get_balance(&funding_pubkey.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0) < total {
+            airdrop_lamports(client, &drone_addr.unwrap(), funding_pubkey, total)?;
+        }
+        info!("adding more lamports {}", extra);
+        fund_keys(
+            client,
+            funding_pubkey,
+            &keypairs,
+            total,
+            fee_calculator.max_lamports_per_signature,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // 'generate_keypairs' generates extra keys to be able to have size-aligned funding batches for fund_keys.
+    keypairs.truncate(2 * tx_count);
+
+    Ok((keypairs, last_keypair_balance))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
+    use solana::cluster_info::FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE;
+    use solana::local_cluster::{ClusterConfig, LocalCluster};
+    use solana::validator::ValidatorConfig;
+    use solana_client::thin_client::create_client;
+    use solana_drone::drone::run_local_drone;
+    use solana_runtime::bank::Bank;
+    use solana_runtime::bank_client::BankClient;
+    use solana_sdk::client::SyncClient;
+    use solana_sdk::genesis_block::create_genesis_block;
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+
    #[test]
    fn test_switch_directions() {
        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 0), false);
@ -537,4 +664,78 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 100), true);
        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 101), false);
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bench_tps_local_cluster() {
+        solana_logger::setup();
+        const NUM_NODES: usize = 1;
+        let cluster = LocalCluster::new(&ClusterConfig {
+            node_stakes: vec![999_990; NUM_NODES],
+            cluster_lamports: 2_000_000,
+            validator_configs: vec![ValidatorConfig::default(); NUM_NODES],
+            ..ClusterConfig::default()
+        });
+
+        let drone_keypair = Keypair::new();
+        cluster.transfer(&cluster.funding_keypair, &drone_keypair.pubkey(), 1_000_000);
+
+        let (addr_sender, addr_receiver) = channel();
+        run_local_drone(drone_keypair, addr_sender, None);
+        let drone_addr = addr_receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(2)).unwrap();
+
+        let mut config = Config::default();
+        config.tx_count = 100;
+        config.duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+        let client = create_client(
+            (cluster.entry_point_info.rpc, cluster.entry_point_info.tpu),
+            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
+        );
+
+        let lamports_per_account = 100;
+        let (keypairs, _keypair_balance) = generate_and_fund_keypairs(
+            &client,
+            Some(drone_addr),
+            &config.id,
+            config.tx_count,
+            lamports_per_account,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let total = do_bench_tps(vec![client], config, keypairs, 0);
+        assert!(total > 100);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bench_tps_bank_client() {
+        let (genesis_block, id) = create_genesis_block(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let clients = vec![BankClient::new(bank)];
+
+        let mut config = Config::default();
+        config.id = id;
+        config.tx_count = 10;
+        config.duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+        let (keypairs, _keypair_balance) =
+            generate_and_fund_keypairs(&clients[0], None, &config.id, config.tx_count, 20).unwrap();
+
+        do_bench_tps(clients, config, keypairs, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bench_tps_fund_keys() {
+        let (genesis_block, id) = create_genesis_block(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let client = BankClient::new(bank);
+        let tx_count = 10;
+        let lamports = 20;
+
+        let (keypairs, _keypair_balance) =
+            generate_and_fund_keypairs(&client, None, &id, tx_count, lamports).unwrap();
+
+        for kp in &keypairs {
+            assert!(client.get_balance(&kp.pubkey()).unwrap() >= lamports);
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/bench-tps/src/cli.rs
+++ b/bench-tps/src/cli.rs
@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::time::Duration;

-use clap::{crate_version, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
 use solana_drone::drone::DRONE_PORT;
+use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeCalculator;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair, Keypair, KeypairUtil};

 /// Holds the configuration for a single run of the benchmark
 pub struct Config {
-    pub network_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr,
    pub drone_addr: SocketAddr,
    pub id: Keypair,
    pub threads: usize,
@ -17,14 +18,16 @@ pub struct Config {
    pub tx_count: usize,
    pub thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
    pub sustained: bool,
-    pub reject_extra_nodes: bool,
-    pub converge_only: bool,
+    pub client_ids_and_stake_file: String,
+    pub write_to_client_file: bool,
+    pub read_from_client_file: bool,
+    pub target_lamports_per_signature: u64,
 }

 impl Default for Config {
    fn default() -> Config {
        Config {
-            network_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8001)),
+            entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8001)),
            drone_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], DRONE_PORT)),
            id: Keypair::new(),
            threads: 4,
@ -33,23 +36,25 @@ impl Default for Config {
            tx_count: 500_000,
            thread_batch_sleep_ms: 0,
            sustained: false,
-            reject_extra_nodes: false,
-            converge_only: false,
+            client_ids_and_stake_file: String::new(),
+            write_to_client_file: false,
+            read_from_client_file: false,
+            target_lamports_per_signature: FeeCalculator::default().target_lamports_per_signature,
        }
    }
 }

 /// Defines and builds the CLI args for a run of the benchmark
 pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    App::new("solana-bench-tps")
+    App::new(crate_name!()).about(crate_description!())
        .version(crate_version!())
        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("network")
+            Arg::with_name("entrypoint")
                .short("n")
-                .long("network")
+                .long("entrypoint")
                .value_name("HOST:PORT")
                .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Rendezvous with the network at this gossip entry point; defaults to 127.0.0.1:8001"),
+                .help("Rendezvous with the cluster at this entry point; defaults to 127.0.0.1:8001"),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("drone")
@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                .long("drone")
                .value_name("HOST:PORT")
                .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Location of the drone; defaults to network:DRONE_PORT"),
+                .help("Location of the drone; defaults to entrypoint:DRONE_PORT"),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("identity")
@ -75,11 +80,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                .takes_value(true)
                .help("Wait for NUM nodes to converge"),
        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("reject-extra-nodes")
-                .long("reject-extra-nodes")
-                .help("Require exactly `num-nodes` on convergence. Appropriate only for internal networks"),
-        )
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("threads")
                .short("t")
@ -95,11 +95,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                .takes_value(true)
                .help("Seconds to run benchmark, then exit; default is forever"),
        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("converge-only")
-                .long("converge-only")
-                .help("Exit immediately after converging"),
-        )
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("sustained")
                .long("sustained")
@ -120,6 +115,30 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                .takes_value(true)
                .help("Per-thread-per-iteration sleep in ms"),
        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("write-client-keys")
+                .long("write-client-keys")
+                .value_name("FILENAME")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help("Generate client keys and stakes and write the list to YAML file"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("read-client-keys")
+                .long("read-client-keys")
+                .value_name("FILENAME")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help("Read client keys and stakes from the YAML file"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::with_name("target_lamports_per_signature")
+                .long("target-lamports-per-signature")
+                .value_name("LAMPORTS")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .help(
+                    "The cost in lamports that the cluster will charge for signature \
+                     verification when the cluster is operating at target-signatures-per-slot",
+                ),
+        )
 }

 /// Parses a clap `ArgMatches` structure into a `Config`
@ -130,15 +149,15 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
 pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
    let mut args = Config::default();

-    if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("network") {
-        args.network_addr = addr.parse().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            eprintln!("failed to parse network: {}", e);
+    if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("entrypoint") {
+        args.entrypoint_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse entrypoint address: {}", e);
            exit(1)
        });
    }

    if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("drone") {
-        args.drone_addr = addr.parse().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        args.drone_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
            eprintln!("failed to parse drone address: {}", e);
            exit(1)
        });
@ -176,8 +195,21 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
    }

    args.sustained = matches.is_present("sustained");
-    args.converge_only = matches.is_present("converge-only");
-    args.reject_extra_nodes = matches.is_present("reject-extra-nodes");
+
+    if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("write-client-keys") {
+        args.write_to_client_file = true;
+        args.client_ids_and_stake_file = s.to_string();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("read-client-keys") {
+        assert!(!args.write_to_client_file);
+        args.read_from_client_file = true;
+        args.client_ids_and_stake_file = s.to_string();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(v) = matches.value_of("target_lamports_per_signature") {
+        args.target_lamports_per_signature = v.to_string().parse().expect("can't parse lamports");
+    }

    args
 }
--- a/bench-tps/src/main.rs
+++ b/bench-tps/src/main.rs
@ -1,249 +1,119 @@
 mod bench;
 mod cli;

-use crate::bench::*;
-use solana::client::mk_client;
-use solana::gen_keys::GenKeys;
-use solana::gossip_service::discover;
-use solana_metrics;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use crate::bench::{
+    do_bench_tps, generate_and_fund_keypairs, generate_keypairs, Config, NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT,
+};
+use solana::gossip_service::{discover_cluster, get_multi_client};
+use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeCalculator;
+use solana_sdk::signature::Keypair;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::exit;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::thread::sleep;
-use std::thread::Builder;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use std::time::Instant;
+
+/// Number of signatures for all transactions in ~1 week at ~100K TPS
+pub const NUM_SIGNATURES_FOR_TXS: u64 = 100_000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 7;

 fn main() {
    solana_logger::setup();
    solana_metrics::set_panic_hook("bench-tps");

    let matches = cli::build_args().get_matches();
-
-    let cfg = cli::extract_args(&matches);
+    let cli_config = cli::extract_args(&matches);

    let cli::Config {
-        network_addr: network,
+        entrypoint_addr,
        drone_addr,
        id,
        threads,
-        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
        num_nodes,
        duration,
        tx_count,
+        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
        sustained,
-        reject_extra_nodes,
-        converge_only,
-    } = cfg;
+        client_ids_and_stake_file,
+        write_to_client_file,
+        read_from_client_file,
+        target_lamports_per_signature,
+    } = cli_config;

-    let nodes = discover(&network, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-        eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
-        exit(1);
-    });
-    if nodes.len() < num_nodes {
+    if write_to_client_file {
+        let keypairs = generate_keypairs(&id, tx_count as u64 * 2);
+        let num_accounts = keypairs.len() as u64;
+        let max_fee = FeeCalculator::new(target_lamports_per_signature).max_lamports_per_signature;
+        let num_lamports_per_account = (num_accounts - 1 + NUM_SIGNATURES_FOR_TXS * max_fee)
+            / num_accounts
+            + NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT;
+        let mut accounts = HashMap::new();
+        keypairs.iter().for_each(|keypair| {
+            accounts.insert(
+                serde_json::to_string(&keypair.to_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap(),
+                num_lamports_per_account,
+            );
+        });
+
+        let serialized = serde_yaml::to_string(&accounts).unwrap();
+        let path = Path::new(&client_ids_and_stake_file);
+        let mut file = File::create(path).unwrap();
+        file.write_all(&serialized.into_bytes()).unwrap();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    println!("Connecting to the cluster");
+    let (nodes, _replicators) =
+        discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+            eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
+            exit(1);
+        });
+
+    let (client, num_clients) = get_multi_client(&nodes);
+
+    if nodes.len() < num_clients {
        eprintln!(
            "Error: Insufficient nodes discovered.  Expecting {} or more",
            num_nodes
        );
        exit(1);
    }
-    if reject_extra_nodes && nodes.len() > num_nodes {
-        eprintln!(
-            "Error: Extra nodes discovered.  Expecting exactly {}",
-            num_nodes
-        );
-        exit(1);
-    }

-    if converge_only {
-        return;
-    }
-    let cluster_entrypoint = nodes[0].clone(); // Pick the first node, why not?
+    let (keypairs, keypair_balance) = if read_from_client_file {
+        let path = Path::new(&client_ids_and_stake_file);
+        let file = File::open(path).unwrap();

-    let mut client = mk_client(&cluster_entrypoint);
-    let mut barrier_client = mk_client(&cluster_entrypoint);
+        let accounts: HashMap<String, u64> = serde_yaml::from_reader(file).unwrap();
+        let mut keypairs = vec![];
+        let mut last_balance = 0;

-    let mut seed = [0u8; 32];
-    seed.copy_from_slice(&id.public_key_bytes()[..32]);
-    let mut rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
-
-    println!("Creating {} keypairs...", tx_count * 2);
-    let mut total_keys = 0;
-    let mut target = tx_count * 2;
-    while target > 0 {
-        total_keys += target;
-        target /= MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX;
-    }
-    let gen_keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(total_keys as u64);
-    let barrier_source_keypair = Keypair::new();
-    let barrier_dest_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
-
-    println!("Get lamports...");
-    let num_lamports_per_account = 20;
-
-    // Sample the first keypair, see if it has lamports, if so then resume
-    // to avoid lamport loss
-    let keypair0_balance = client
-        .poll_get_balance(&gen_keypairs.last().unwrap().pubkey())
-        .unwrap_or(0);
-
-    if num_lamports_per_account > keypair0_balance {
-        let extra = num_lamports_per_account - keypair0_balance;
-        let total = extra * (gen_keypairs.len() as u64);
-        airdrop_lamports(&mut client, &drone_addr, &id, total);
-        println!("adding more lamports {}", extra);
-        fund_keys(&mut client, &id, &gen_keypairs, extra);
-    }
-    let start = gen_keypairs.len() - (tx_count * 2) as usize;
-    let keypairs = &gen_keypairs[start..];
-    airdrop_lamports(&mut barrier_client, &drone_addr, &barrier_source_keypair, 1);
-
-    println!("Get last ID...");
-    let mut blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
-    println!("Got last ID {:?}", blockhash);
-
-    let first_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
-    println!("Initial transaction count {}", first_tx_count);
-
-    let exit_signal = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-
-    // Setup a thread per validator to sample every period
-    // collect the max transaction rate and total tx count seen
-    let maxes = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
-    let sample_period = 1; // in seconds
-    println!("Sampling TPS every {} second...", sample_period);
-    let v_threads: Vec<_> = nodes
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|v| {
-            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
-            let maxes = maxes.clone();
-            Builder::new()
-                .name("solana-client-sample".to_string())
-                .spawn(move || {
-                    sample_tx_count(&exit_signal, &maxes, first_tx_count, &v, sample_period);
-                })
-                .unwrap()
+        accounts.into_iter().for_each(|(keypair, balance)| {
+            let bytes: Vec<u8> = serde_json::from_str(keypair.as_str()).unwrap();
+            keypairs.push(Keypair::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap());
+            last_balance = balance;
+        });
+        (keypairs, last_balance)
+    } else {
+        generate_and_fund_keypairs(
+            &client,
+            Some(drone_addr),
+            &id,
+            tx_count,
+            NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT,
+        )
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("Error could not fund keys: {:?}", e);
+            exit(1);
        })
-        .collect();
+    };

-    let shared_txs: SharedTransactions = Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()));
+    let config = Config {
+        id,
+        threads,
+        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
+        duration,
+        tx_count,
+        sustained,
+    };

-    let shared_tx_active_thread_count = Arc::new(AtomicIsize::new(0));
-    let total_tx_sent_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-
-    let s_threads: Vec<_> = (0..threads)
-        .map(|_| {
-            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
-            let shared_txs = shared_txs.clone();
-            let cluster_entrypoint = cluster_entrypoint.clone();
-            let shared_tx_active_thread_count = shared_tx_active_thread_count.clone();
-            let total_tx_sent_count = total_tx_sent_count.clone();
-            Builder::new()
-                .name("solana-client-sender".to_string())
-                .spawn(move || {
-                    do_tx_transfers(
-                        &exit_signal,
-                        &shared_txs,
-                        &cluster_entrypoint,
-                        &shared_tx_active_thread_count,
-                        &total_tx_sent_count,
-                        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
-                    );
-                })
-                .unwrap()
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    // generate and send transactions for the specified duration
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let mut reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = false;
-    let mut i = keypair0_balance;
-    while start.elapsed() < duration {
-        let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
-        metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
-
-        // ping-pong between source and destination accounts for each loop iteration
-        // this seems to be faster than trying to determine the balance of individual
-        // accounts
-        let len = tx_count as usize;
-        generate_txs(
-            &shared_txs,
-            &keypairs[..len],
-            &keypairs[len..],
-            threads,
-            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account,
-            &cluster_entrypoint,
-        );
-        // In sustained mode overlap the transfers with generation
-        // this has higher average performance but lower peak performance
-        // in tested environments.
-        if !sustained {
-            while shared_tx_active_thread_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) > 0 {
-                sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
-            }
-        }
-        // It's not feasible (would take too much time) to confirm each of the `tx_count / 2`
-        // transactions sent by `generate_txs()` so instead send and confirm a single transaction
-        // to validate the network is still functional.
-        send_barrier_transaction(
-            &mut barrier_client,
-            &mut blockhash,
-            &barrier_source_keypair,
-            &barrier_dest_id,
-        );
-
-        i += 1;
-        if should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account, i) {
-            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = !reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Stop the sampling threads so it will collect the stats
-    exit_signal.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-    println!("Waiting for validator threads...");
-    for t in v_threads {
-        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
-            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // join the tx send threads
-    println!("Waiting for transmit threads...");
-    for t in s_threads {
-        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
-            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
-    metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
-
-    compute_and_report_stats(
-        &maxes,
-        sample_period,
-        &start.elapsed(),
-        total_tx_sent_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
-    );
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_switch_directions() {
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 0), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 1), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 14), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 15), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 16), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 19), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 20), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 21), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 99), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 100), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 101), false);
-    }
+    do_bench_tps(vec![client], config, keypairs, keypair_balance);
 }
--- a/benches/append_vec.rs
+++ b/benches/append_vec.rs
@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-#![feature(test)]
-
-extern crate rand;
-extern crate test;
-
-use bincode::{deserialize, serialize_into, serialized_size};
-use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use solana_runtime::append_vec::{
-    deserialize_account, get_serialized_size, serialize_account, AppendVec,
-};
-use solana_sdk::account::Account;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use std::env;
-use std::io::Cursor;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::thread::spawn;
-use test::Bencher;
-
-const START_SIZE: u64 = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
-const INC_SIZE: u64 = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-macro_rules! align_up {
-    ($addr: expr, $align: expr) => {
-        ($addr + ($align - 1)) & !($align - 1)
-    };
-}
-
-fn get_append_vec_bench_path(path: &str) -> PathBuf {
-    let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "target".to_string());
-    let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
-    buf.push(&format!("{}/{}", out_dir, path));
-    buf
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_append");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_access(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_ra");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for _ in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size as u64);
-        vec.get(index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>() as u64);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_change(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_rax");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for k in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(k)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(k)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size as u64);
-        let atomic1 = vec.get(index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>() as u64);
-        let current1 = atomic1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current1, index as usize);
-        let next = current1 + 1;
-        let mut index = vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(next));
-        if index.is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            index = vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(next));
-        }
-        let atomic2 = vec.get(index.unwrap());
-        let current2 = atomic2.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current2, next);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_read(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_read");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for _ in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size);
-        let atomic1 = vec.get((index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>()) as u64);
-        let current1 = atomic1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current1, 0);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_concurrent_lock_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_lock_append");
-    let vec = Arc::new(RwLock::new(AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(
-        &path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE,
-    )));
-    let vec1 = vec.clone();
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    let count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let count1 = count.clone();
-    spawn(move || loop {
-        let mut len = count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        {
-            let rlock = vec1.read().unwrap();
-            loop {
-                if rlock.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-                    break;
-                }
-                len = count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            }
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        {
-            let mut wlock = vec1.write().unwrap();
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-            assert!(wlock.grow_file().is_ok());
-        }
-    });
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let _rlock = vec.read().unwrap();
-        let len = count1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert!(len < size * 2);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_concurrent_get_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_get_append");
-    let vec = Arc::new(RwLock::new(AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(
-        &path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE,
-    )));
-    let vec1 = vec.clone();
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    let count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let count1 = count.clone();
-    spawn(move || loop {
-        let mut len = count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        {
-            let rlock = vec1.read().unwrap();
-            loop {
-                if rlock.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-                    break;
-                }
-                len = count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            }
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        {
-            let mut wlock = vec1.write().unwrap();
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-            assert!(wlock.grow_file().is_ok());
-        }
-    });
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let rlock = vec.read().unwrap();
-        let len = count1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        if len > 0 {
-            let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, len);
-            rlock.get((index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>()) as u64);
-        }
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn bench_account_serialize(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let num: usize = 1000;
-    let account = Account::new(2, 100, &Keypair::new().pubkey());
-    let len = get_serialized_size(&account);
-    let ser_len = align_up!(len + std::mem::size_of::<u64>(), std::mem::size_of::<u64>());
-    let mut memory = vec![0; num * ser_len];
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        for i in 0..num {
-            let start = i * ser_len;
-            serialize_account(&mut memory[start..start + ser_len], &account, len);
-        }
-    });
-
-    // make sure compiler doesn't delete the code.
-    let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, num);
-    if memory[index] != 0 {
-        println!("memory: {}", memory[index]);
-    }
-
-    let start = index * ser_len;
-    let new_account = deserialize_account(&memory[start..start + ser_len], 0, num * len).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(new_account, account);
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn bench_account_serialize_bincode(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let num: usize = 1000;
-    let account = Account::new(2, 100, &Keypair::new().pubkey());
-    let len = serialized_size(&account).unwrap() as usize;
-    let mut memory = vec![0u8; num * len];
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        for i in 0..num {
-            let start = i * len;
-            let cursor = Cursor::new(&mut memory[start..start + len]);
-            serialize_into(cursor, &account).unwrap();
-        }
-    });
-
-    // make sure compiler doesn't delete the code.
-    let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, len);
-    if memory[index] != 0 {
-        println!("memory: {}", memory[index]);
-    }
-
-    let start = index * len;
-    let new_account: Account = deserialize(&memory[start..start + len]).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(new_account, account);
-}
--- a/benches/banking_stage.rs
+++ b/benches/banking_stage.rs
@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-#![feature(test)]
-
-extern crate test;
-
-use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana::banking_stage::{create_test_recorder, BankingStage};
-use solana::cluster_info::ClusterInfo;
-use solana::cluster_info::Node;
-use solana::packet::to_packets_chunked;
-use solana::poh_recorder::WorkingBankEntries;
-use solana::service::Service;
-use solana_runtime::bank::Bank;
-use solana_sdk::genesis_block::GenesisBlock;
-use solana_sdk::hash::hash;
-use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{KeypairUtil, Signature};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
-use solana_sdk::timing::{DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES};
-use std::iter;
-use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
-use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::time::Duration;
-use test::Bencher;
-
-fn check_txs(receiver: &Receiver<WorkingBankEntries>, ref_tx_count: usize) {
-    let mut total = 0;
-    loop {
-        let entries = receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::new(1, 0));
-        if let Ok((_, entries)) = entries {
-            for (entry, _) in &entries {
-                total += entry.transactions.len();
-            }
-        } else {
-            break;
-        }
-        if total >= ref_tx_count {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    assert_eq!(total, ref_tx_count);
-}
-
-#[bench]
-#[ignore]
-fn bench_banking_stage_multi_accounts(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let num_threads = BankingStage::num_threads() as usize;
-    //   a multiple of packet chunk  2X duplicates to avoid races
-    let txes = 192 * 50 * num_threads * 2;
-    let mint_total = 1_000_000_000_000;
-    let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(mint_total);
-
-    let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
-    let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis_block));
-    let dummy = SystemTransaction::new_move(
-        &mint_keypair,
-        &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
-        1,
-        genesis_block.hash(),
-        0,
-    );
-    let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..txes)
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|_| {
-            let mut new = dummy.clone();
-            let from: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            let to: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            new.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
-            new.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
-            new.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
-            new
-        })
-        .collect();
-    // fund all the accounts
-    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let fund = SystemTransaction::new_move(
-            &mint_keypair,
-            &tx.account_keys[0],
-            mint_total / txes as u64,
-            genesis_block.hash(),
-            0,
-        );
-        let x = bank.process_transaction(&fund);
-        x.unwrap();
-    });
-    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute sequentially
-    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let res = bank.process_transaction(&tx);
-        assert!(res.is_ok(), "sanity test transactions");
-    });
-    bank.clear_signatures();
-    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute in parallel
-    let res = bank.process_transactions(&transactions);
-    for r in res {
-        assert!(r.is_ok(), "sanity parallel execution");
-    }
-    bank.clear_signatures();
-    let verified: Vec<_> = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), 192)
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|x| {
-            let len = x.read().unwrap().packets.len();
-            (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) = create_test_recorder(&bank);
-    let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
-    let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
-    let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
-    poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
-
-    let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
-    for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
-        id = hash(&id.as_ref());
-        bank.register_tick(&id);
-    }
-
-    let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
-    let mut start = 0;
-    bencher.iter(move || {
-        // make sure the transactions are still valid
-        bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
-        for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
-            verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
-        }
-        check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
-        bank.clear_signatures();
-        start += half_len;
-        start %= verified.len();
-    });
-    exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    poh_service.join().unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-#[ignore]
-fn bench_banking_stage_multi_programs(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let progs = 4;
-    let num_threads = BankingStage::num_threads() as usize;
-    //   a multiple of packet chunk  2X duplicates to avoid races
-    let txes = 96 * 100 * num_threads * 2;
-    let mint_total = 1_000_000_000_000;
-    let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(mint_total);
-
-    let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
-    let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis_block));
-    let dummy = SystemTransaction::new_move(
-        &mint_keypair,
-        &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
-        1,
-        genesis_block.hash(),
-        0,
-    );
-    let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..txes)
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|_| {
-            let mut new = dummy.clone();
-            let from: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            let to: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            new.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
-            new.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
-            let prog = new.instructions[0].clone();
-            for i in 1..progs {
-                //generate programs that spend to random keys
-                let to: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-                let to_key = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
-                new.account_keys.push(to_key);
-                assert_eq!(new.account_keys.len(), i + 2);
-                new.instructions.push(prog.clone());
-                assert_eq!(new.instructions.len(), i + 1);
-                new.instructions[i].accounts[1] = 1 + i as u8;
-                assert_eq!(new.key(i, 1), Some(&to_key));
-                assert_eq!(
-                    new.account_keys[new.instructions[i].accounts[1] as usize],
-                    to_key
-                );
-            }
-            assert_eq!(new.instructions.len(), progs);
-            new.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
-            new
-        })
-        .collect();
-    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let fund = SystemTransaction::new_move(
-            &mint_keypair,
-            &tx.account_keys[0],
-            mint_total / txes as u64,
-            genesis_block.hash(),
-            0,
-        );
-        bank.process_transaction(&fund).unwrap();
-    });
-    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute sequentially
-    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let res = bank.process_transaction(&tx);
-        assert!(res.is_ok(), "sanity test transactions");
-    });
-    bank.clear_signatures();
-    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute in parallel
-    let res = bank.process_transactions(&transactions);
-    for r in res {
-        assert!(r.is_ok(), "sanity parallel execution");
-    }
-    bank.clear_signatures();
-    let verified: Vec<_> = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), 96)
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|x| {
-            let len = x.read().unwrap().packets.len();
-            (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) = create_test_recorder(&bank);
-    let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
-    let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
-    let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
-    poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
-
-    let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
-    for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
-        id = hash(&id.as_ref());
-        bank.register_tick(&id);
-    }
-
-    let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
-    let mut start = 0;
-    bencher.iter(move || {
-        // make sure the transactions are still valid
-        bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
-        for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
-            verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
-        }
-        check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
-        bank.clear_signatures();
-        start += half_len;
-        start %= verified.len();
-    });
-    exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    poh_service.join().unwrap();
-}
--- a/book/.gitattributes
+++ b/book/.gitattributes
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+theme/highlight.js binary
--- a/book/art/data-plane-fanout.bob
+++ b/book/art/data-plane-fanout.bob
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                                                                  |
+|   +-----------------+    Neighborhood 0    +-----------------+   |
+|   |                 +--------------------->+                 |   |
+|   |   Validator 1   |                      |   Validator 2   |   |
+|   |                 +<---------------------+                 |   |
+|   +--------+-+------+                      +------+-+--------+   |
+|            | |                                    | |            |
+|            | +-----------------------------+      | |            |
+|            |      +------------------------+------+ |            |
+|            |      |                        |        |            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+             |      |                        |        |
+             v      v                        v        v
+   +---------+------+---+                  +-+--------+---------+
+   |                    |                  |                    |
+   |   Neighborhood 1   |                  |   Neighborhood 2   |
+   |                    |                  |                    |
+   +--------------------+                  +--------------------+
--- a/book/art/data-plane-seeding.bob
+++ b/book/art/data-plane-seeding.bob
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+                          +--------------+
+                          |              |
+             +------------+    Leader    +------------+
+             |            |              |            |
+             |            +--------------+            |
+             v                                        v
+------------+----------------------------------------+------------+
+|                                                                  |
+|   +-----------------+    Neighborhood 0    +-----------------+   |
+|   |                 +--------------------->+                 |   |
+|   |   Validator 1   |                      |   Validator 2   |   |
+|   |                 +<---------------------+                 |   |
+|   +-----------------+                      +-----------------+   |
+|                                                                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
--- a/book/art/data-plane.bob
+++ b/book/art/data-plane.bob
@ -1,28 +1,18 @@
-
-                                          +--------------+
-                                          |              |
-                             +------------+    Leader    +------------+
-                             |            |              |            |
-                             |            +--------------+            |
-                             v                                        v
-                    +--------+--------+                      +--------+--------+
-                    |                 +--------------------->+                 |
-  +-----------------+   Validator 1   |                      |   Validator 2   +-------------+
-  |                 |                 +<---------------------+                 |             |
-  |                 +------+-+-+------+                      +---+-+-+---------+             |
-  |                        | | |                                 | | |                       |
-  |                        | | |                                 | | |                       |
-  |                +---------------------------------------------+ | |                       |
-  |                |       | | |                                   | |                       |
-  |                |       | | |            +----------------------+ |                       |
-  |                |       | | |            |                        |                       |
-  |                |       | | +--------------------------------------------+                |
-  |                |       | |              |                        |      |                |
-  |                |       | +----------------------+                |      |                |
-  |                |       |                |       |                |      |                |
-  v                v       v                v       v                v      v                v
-+--------------------+   +--------------------+   +--------------------+  +--------------------+
-|                    |   |                    |   |                    |  |                    |
-|   Neighborhood 1   |   |   Neighborhood 2   |   |   Neighborhood 3   |  |   Neighborhood 4   |
-|                    |   |                    |   |                    |  |                    |
-+--------------------+   +--------------------+   +--------------------+  +--------------------+
+                                  +--------------------+
+                                  |                    |
+                         +--------+   Neighborhood 0   +----------+
+                         |        |                    |          |
+                         |        +--------------------+          |
+                         v                                        v
+               +---------+----------+                  +----------+---------+
+               |                    |                  |                    |
+               |   Neighborhood 1   |                  |   Neighborhood 2   |
+               |                    |                  |                    |
+               +---+-----+----------+                  +----------+-----+---+
+                   |     |                                        |     |
+                   v     v                                        v     v
+------------------+-+ +-+------------------+  +------------------+-+ +-+------------------+
+|                    | |                    |  |                    | |                    |
+|   Neighborhood 3   | |   Neighborhood 4   |  |   Neighborhood 5   | |   Neighborhood 6   |
+|                    | |                    |  |                    | |                    |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+  +--------------------+ +--------------------+
--- a/book/art/passive-staking-callflow.msc
+++ b/book/art/passive-staking-callflow.msc
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+msc {
+  hscale="2.2";
+   VoteSigner,
+   Validator,
+   Cluster,
+   StakerX,
+   StakerY;
+
+   |||;
+  Validator box Validator [label="boot.."];
+
+  VoteSigner <:> Validator [label="register\n\n(optional)"];
+  Validator => Cluster [label="VoteState::Initialize(VoteSigner)"];
+  StakerX => Cluster [label="StakeState::Delegate(Validator)"];
+  StakerY => Cluster [label="StakeState::Delegate(Validator)"];
+
+     |||;
+  Validator box Cluster [label="\nvalidate\n"];
+  Validator => VoteSigner [label="sign(vote)"];
+  VoteSigner >> Validator [label="signed vote"];
+
+  Validator => Cluster [label="gossip(vote)"];
+  ...;
+  ... ;
+  Validator abox Validator [label="\nmax\nlockout\n"];
+       |||;
+  StakerX => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"];
+  StakerY => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"] ;
+
+}
--- a/book/art/tpu.bob
+++ b/book/art/tpu.bob
@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-             .-------------------------------------------.
-             |  TPU                     .-------------.  |
-             |                          | PoH Service |  |
-             |                          `--------+----`  |
-             |                              ^    |       |
-             |                              |    v       |
-             |  .-------.  .-----------.  .-+-------.    |  .------------.
- .---------. |  | Fetch |  | SigVerify |  | Banking |    |  | Broadcast  |
- | Clients |--->| Stage |->| Stage     |->| Stage   |------>| Service    |
- `---------` |  |       |  |           |  |         |    |  |            |
-             |  `-------`  `-----------`  `----+----`    |  `------------`
-             |                                 |         |
-             `---------------------------------|---------`
+
+                                        .-------------.
+                                        | PoH Service |
+                                        `--------+----`
+                                            ^    |
+             .------------------------------|----|--------------------.
+             | TPU                          |    v                    |
+             |  .-------.  .-----------.  .-+-------.  .-----------.  |  .------------.
+ .---------. |  | Fetch |  | SigVerify |  | Banking |  | Broadcast |  |  | Downstream |
+ | Clients |--->| Stage |->| Stage     |->| Stage   |->| Stage     |---->| Validators |
+ `---------` |  |       |  |           |  |         |  |           |  |  |            |
+             |  `-------`  `-----------`  `----+----`  `-----------`  |  `------------`
+             |                                 |                      |
+             `---------------------------------|----------------------`
                                               |
                                               v
                                            .------.
--- a/book/art/validator-proposal.bob
+++ b/book/art/validator-proposal.bob
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+                                 .------------.
+                                 | Upstream   |
+                                 | Validators |
+                                 `----+-------`
+                                      |
+                                      |
+             .-----------------------------------.
+             | Validator              |          |
+             |                        v          |
+             |  .-----------.    .------------.  |
+ .--------.  |  | Fetch     |    | Repair     |  |
+ | Client +---->| Stage     |    | Stage      |  |
+ `--------`  |  `---+-------`    `----+-------`  |
+             |      |                 |          |
+             |      v                 v          |
+             |  .-----------.    .------------.  |
+             |  | TPU       |<-->| Blockstore |  |
+             |  |           |    |            |  |
+             |  `-----------`    `----+-------`  |
+             |                        |          |
+             |                        v          |
+             |                   .------------.  |
+             |                   | Multicast  |  |
+             |                   | Stage      |  |
+             |                   `----+-------`  |
+             |                        |          |
+             `-----------------------------------`
+                                      |
+                                      v
+                                 .------------.
+                                 | Downstream |
+                                 | Validators |
+                                 `------------`
+
+
+
+                                 .------------.
+                                 | PoH        |
+                                 | Service    |
+                                 `-------+----`
+                                     ^   |
+                                     |   |
+             .-----------------------------------.
+             | TPU                   |   |       |
+             |                       |   v       |
+  .-------.  |  .-----------.    .---+--------.  |  .------------.
+  | Fetch +---->| SigVerify +--->| Banking    |<--->| Blockstore |
+  | Stage |  |  | Stage     |    | Stage      |  |  |            |
+  `-------`  |  `-----------`    `-----+------`  |  `------------`
+             |                         |         |
+             |                         |         |
+             `-----------------------------------`
+                                       |
+                                       v
+                                 .------------.
+                                 | Banktree   |
+                                 |            |
+                                 `------------`
+
--- a/book/art/validator.bob
+++ b/book/art/validator.bob
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
             .--------------------------------------.
-             |  Fullnode                            |
+             |  Validator                           |
             |                                      |
 .--------.  |  .-------------------.               |
 |        |---->|                   |               |
@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
      |      |     |                |               | |  | Downstream |  |
      |      |  .--+--.     .-------+---.           | |  | Validators |  |
      `-------->| TPU +---->| Broadcast +--------------->|            |  |
-             |  `-----`     | Service   |           | |  `------------`  |
+             |  `-----`     | Stage     |           | |  `------------`  |
             |              `-----------`           | `------------------`
             `--------------------------------------`
--- a/book/build.sh
+++ b/book/build.sh
@ -3,16 +3,4 @@ set -e

 cd "$(dirname "$0")"

-cargo_install_unless() {
-  declare crate=$1
-  shift
-
-  "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
-    cargo install "$crate"
-}
-
-export PATH=$CARGO_HOME/bin:$PATH
-cargo_install_unless mdbook mdbook --help
-cargo_install_unless svgbob_cli svgbob --help
-
 make -j"$(nproc)"
--- a/book/makefile
+++ b/book/makefile
@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 BOB_SRCS=$(wildcard art/*.bob)
+MSC_SRCS=$(wildcard art/*.msc)
 MD_SRCS=$(wildcard src/*.md)

-SVG_IMGS=$(BOB_SRCS:art/%.bob=src/img/%.svg)
+SVG_IMGS=$(BOB_SRCS:art/%.bob=src/img/%.svg) $(MSC_SRCS:art/%.msc=src/img/%.svg)

 all: html/index.html

@ -17,6 +18,10 @@ src/img/%.svg: art/%.bob
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	svgbob < $< > $@

+ src/img/%.svg: art/%.msc
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	mscgen -T svg -i $< -o $@
+
 src/%.md: %.md
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	@cp $< $@
--- a/book/src/SUMMARY.md
+++ b/book/src/SUMMARY.md
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 - [Terminology](terminology.md)

 - [Getting Started](getting-started.md)
+  - [Testnet Participation](testnet-participation.md)
+  - [Testnet Replicator](testnet-replicator.md)
  - [Example: Web Wallet](webwallet.md)

 - [Programming Model](programs.md)
@ -16,12 +18,13 @@
  - [Leader Rotation](leader-rotation.md)
  - [Fork Generation](fork-generation.md)
  - [Managing Forks](managing-forks.md)
-  - [Data Plane Fanout](data-plane-fanout.md)
+  - [Turbine Block Propagation](turbine-block-propagation.md)
  - [Ledger Replication](ledger-replication.md)
  - [Secure Vote Signing](vote-signing.md)
-  - [Staking Delegation and Rewards](stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
+  - [Stake Delegation and Rewards](stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
+  - [Performance Metrics](performance-metrics.md)

- [Anatomy of a Fullnode](fullnode.md)
+- [Anatomy of a Validator](validator.md)
  - [TPU](tpu.md)
  - [TVU](tvu.md)
    - [Blocktree](blocktree.md)
@ -34,14 +37,10 @@
  - [JavaScript API](javascript-api.md)
  - [solana-wallet CLI](wallet.md)

- [Proposed Architectural Changes](proposals.md)
+- [Accepted Design Proposals](proposals.md)
  - [Ledger Replication](ledger-replication-to-implement.md)
  - [Secure Vote Signing](vote-signing-to-implement.md)
  - [Staking Rewards](staking-rewards.md)
-  - [Fork Selection](fork-selection.md)
-  - [Reliable Vote Transmission](reliable-vote-transmission.md)
-  - [Persistent Account Storage](persistent-account-storage.md)
-  - [Leader to Leader Transition](leader-leader-transition.md)
  - [Cluster Economics](ed_overview.md)
    - [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md)
      - [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md)
@ -53,7 +52,21 @@
      - [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md)
    - [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md)
    - [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md)
+	- [Economic Design MVP](ed_mvp.md)
    - [References](ed_references.md)
-  - [Leader-to-Validator Transition](leader-validator-transition.md)
  - [Cluster Test Framework](cluster-test-framework.md)
-  - [Testing Programs](testing-programs.md)
+  - [Credit-only Accounts](credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md)
+  - [Validator](validator-proposal.md)
+
+- [Implemented Design Proposals](implemented-proposals.md)
+  - [Blocktree](blocktree.md)
+  - [Cluster Software Installation and Updates](installer.md)
+  - [Deterministic Transaction Fees](transaction-fees.md)
+  - [Fork Selection](fork-selection.md)
+  - [Leader-to-Leader Transition](leader-leader-transition.md)
+  - [Leader-to-Validator Transition](leader-validator-transition.md)
+  - [Passive Stake Delegation and Rewards](passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
+  - [Persistent Account Storage](persistent-account-storage.md)
+  - [Reliable Vote Transmission](reliable-vote-transmission.md)
+  - [Repair Service](repair-service.md) 
+  - [Testing Programs](testing-programs.md)
--- a/book/src/blockstreamer.md
+++ b/book/src/blockstreamer.md
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ To run a blockstreamer, include the argument `no-signer` and (optional)
 `blockstream` socket location:

 ```bash
-$ ./multinode-demo/fullnode-x.sh --no-signer --blockstream <SOCKET>
+$ ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh --no-signer --blockstream <SOCKET>
 ```

 The stream will output a series of JSON objects:
--- a/book/src/cluster-test-framework.md
+++ b/book/src/cluster-test-framework.md
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ least amount of internal plumbing exposed to the test.
 Tests are provided an entry point, which is a `contact_info::ContactInfo`
 structure, and a keypair that has already been funded.

-Each node in the cluster is configured with a `fullnode::FullnodeConfig` at boot
+Each node in the cluster is configured with a `fullnode::ValidatorConfig` at boot
 time.  At boot time this configuration specifies any extra cluster configuration
 required for the test. The cluster should boot with the configuration when it
 is run in-process or in a data center.
@ -51,28 +51,28 @@ At test start, the cluster has already been established and is fully connected.
 The test can discover most of the available nodes over a few second.

 ```rust,ignore
-use crate::gossip_service::discover;
+use crate::gossip_service::discover_nodes;

 // Discover the cluster over a few seconds.
-let cluster_nodes = discover(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
 ```

 ## Cluster Configuration

 To enable specific scenarios, the cluster needs to be booted with special
 configurations.  These configurations can be captured in
-`fullnode::FullnodeConfig`.
+`fullnode::ValidatorConfig`.

 For example:

 ```rust,ignore
-let mut fullnode_config = FullnodeConfig::default();
-fullnode_config.rpc_config.enable_fullnode_exit = true;
+let mut validator_config = ValidatorConfig::default();
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_fullnode_exit = true;
 let local = LocalCluster::new_with_config(
                num_nodes,
                10_000,
                100,
-                &fullnode_config
+                &validator_config
                );
 ```

@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ advertised gossip nodes.
 Configure the RPC service:

 ```rust,ignore
-let mut fullnode_config = FullnodeConfig::default();
-fullnode_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_push = true;
-fullnode_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_refresh_active_set = true;
+let mut validator_config = ValidatorConfig::default();
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_push = true;
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_refresh_active_set = true;
 ```

 Wire the RPCs and write a new test:
@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ pub fn test_large_invalid_gossip_nodes(
    funding_keypair: &Keypair,
    num_nodes: usize,
 ) {
-    let cluster = discover(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+    let cluster = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);

    // Poison the cluster.
-    let mut client = mk_client(&entry_point_info);
+    let client = create_client(entry_point_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
    for _ in 0..(num_nodes * 100) {
        client.gossip_push(
            cluster_info::invalid_contact_info()
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn test_large_invalid_gossip_nodes(

    // Force refresh of the active set.
    for node in &cluster {
-        let mut client = mk_client(&node);
+        let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
        client.gossip_refresh_active_set();
    }

--- a/book/src/cluster.md
+++ b/book/src/cluster.md
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ its copy.

 ## Joining a Cluster

-Fullnodes and replicators enter the cluster via registration messages sent to
+Validators and replicators enter the cluster via registration messages sent to
 its *control plane*. The control plane is implemented using a *gossip*
 protocol, meaning that a node may register with any existing node, and expect
 its registration to propagate to all nodes in the cluster. The time it takes
--- a/book/src/credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md
+++ b/book/src/credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md
@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Credit-Only Accounts
+
+This design covers the handling of credit-only and credit-debit accounts in the
+[runtime](runtime.md).  Accounts already distinguish themselves as credit-only or
+credit-debit based on the program ID specified by the transaction's instruction.
+Programs must treat accounts that are not owned by them as credit-only.
+
+To identify credit-only accounts by program id would require the account to be
+fetched and loaded from disk.  This operation is expensive, and while it is
+occurring, the runtime would have to reject any transactions referencing the same
+account.
+
+The proposal introduces a `num_readonly_accounts` field to the transaction
+structure, and removes the `program_ids` dedicated vector for program accounts.
+
+This design doesn't change the runtime transaction processing rules.
+Programs still can't write or spend accounts that they do not own, but it
+allows the runtime to optimistically take the correct lock for each account
+specified in the transaction before loading the accounts from storage.
+
+Accounts selected as credit-debit by the transaction can still be treated as
+credit-only by the instructions.
+
+## Runtime handling
+
+credit-only accounts have the following properties:
+
+* Can be deposited into:  Deposits can be implemented as a simple `atomic_add`.
+* read-only access to account data.
+
+Instructions that debit or modify the credit-only account data will fail.
+
+## Account Lock Optimizations
+
+The Accounts module keeps track of current locked accounts in the runtime,
+which separates credit-only accounts from the credit-debit accounts.  The credit-only
+accounts can be cached in memory and shared between all the threads executing
+transactions.
+
+The current runtime can't predict whether an account is credit-only or credit-debit when
+the transaction account keys are locked at the start of the transaction
+processing pipeline.  Accounts referenced by the transaction have not been
+loaded from the disk yet.
+
+An ideal design would cache the credit-only accounts while they are referenced by
+any transaction moving through the runtime, and release the cache when the last
+transaction exits the runtime.
+
+## Credit-only accounts and read-only account data
+
+Credit-only account data can be treated as read-only. Credit-debit
+account data is treated as read-write.
+
+## Transaction changes
+
+To enable the possibility of caching accounts only while they are in the
+runtime, the Transaction structure should be changed in the following way:
+
+* `program_ids: Vec<Pubkey>` - This vector is removed.  Program keys can be
+placed at the end of the `account_keys` vector within the `num_readonly_accounts`
+number set to the number of programs.
+
+* `num_readonly_accounts: u8` - The number of keys from the **end** of the
+transaction's `account_keys` array that is credit-only.
+
+The following possible accounts are present in an transaction:
+
+* paying account
+* RW accounts
+* R accounts
+* Program IDs
+
+The paying account must be credit-debit, and program IDs must be credit-only.  The
+first account in the `account_keys` array is always the account that pays for
+the transaction fee, therefore it cannot be credit-only.  For these reasons the
+credit-only accounts are all grouped together at the end of the `account_keys`
+vector.  Counting credit-only accounts from the end allow for the default `0`
+value to still be functionally correct, since a transaction will succeed with
+all credit-debit accounts.
+
+Since accounts can only appear once in the transaction's `account_keys` array,
+an account can only be credit-only or credit-debit in a single transaction, not
+both.  The runtime treats a transaction as one atomic unit of execution. If any
+instruction needs credit-debit access to an account, a copy needs to be made. The
+write lock is held for the entire time the transaction is being processed by
+the runtime.
+
+## Starvation
+
+Read locks for credit-only accounts can keep the runtime from executing
+transactions requesting a write lock to a credit-debit account.
+
+When a request for a write lock is made while a read lock is open, the
+transaction requesting the write lock should be cached.  Upon closing the read
+lock, the pending transactions can be pushed through the runtime.
+
+While a pending write transaction exists, any additional read lock requests for
+that account should fail.  It follows that any other write lock requests will also 
+fail.  Currently, clients must retransmit when a transaction fails because of 
+a pending transaction.  This approach would mimic that behavior as closely as
+possible while preventing write starvation.
+
+## Program execution with credit-only accounts
+
+Before handing off the accounts to program execution, the runtime can mark each
+account in each instruction as a credit-only account.  The credit-only accounts can
+be passed as references without an extra copy.  The transaction will abort on a
+write to credit-only.
+
+An alternative is to detect writes to credit-only accounts and fail the
+transactions before commit.
+
+## Alternative design
+
+This design attempts to cache a credit-only account after loading without the use
+of a transaction-specified credit-only accounts list.  Instead, the credit-only
+accounts are held in a reference-counted table inside the runtime as the
+transactions are processed.
+
+1. Transaction accounts are locked.
+    a. If the account is present in the ‘credit-only' table, the TX does not fail.
+       The pending state for this TX is marked NeedReadLock.
+2. Transaction accounts are loaded.
+    a. Transaction accounts that are credit-only increase their reference
+       count in the `credit-only` table.
+    b. Transaction accounts that need a write lock and are present in the
+       `credit-only` table fail.
+3. Transaction accounts are unlocked.
+    a. Decrement the `credit-only` lock table reference count; remove if its 0
+    b. Remove from the `lock` set if the account is not in the `credit-only`
+       table.
+
+The downside with this approach is that if the `lock` set mutex is released
+between lock and load to allow better pipelining of transactions, a request for
+a credit-only account may fail. Therefore, this approach is not suitable for
+treating programs as credit-only accounts.
+
+Holding the accounts lock mutex while fetching the account from disk would
+potentially have a significant performance hit on the runtime. Fetching from
+disk is expected to be slow, but can be parallelized between multiple disks.
--- a/book/src/data-plane-fanout.md
+++ b/book/src/data-plane-fanout.md
@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-# Data Plane Fanout
-
-A Solana cluster uses a multi-layer mechanism called *data plane fanout* to
-broadcast transaction blobs to all nodes in a very quick and efficient manner.
-In order to establish the fanout, the cluster divides itself into small
-collections of nodes, called *neighborhoods*. Each node is responsible for
-sharing any data it receives with the other nodes in its neighborhood, as well
-as propagating the data on to a small set of nodes in other neighborhoods.
-
-During its slot, the leader node distributes blobs between the validator nodes
-in one neighborhood (layer 1). Each validator shares its data within its
-neighborhood, but also retransmits the blobs to one node in each of multiple
-neighborhoods in the next layer (layer 2). The layer-2 nodes each share their
-data with their neighborhood peers, and retransmit to nodes in the next layer,
-etc, until all nodes in the cluster have received all the blobs.
-
-<img alt="Two layer cluster" src="img/data-plane.svg" class="center"/>
-
-## Neighborhood Assignment - Weighted Selection
-
-In order for data plane fanout to work, the entire cluster must agree on how the
-cluster is divided into neighborhoods. To achieve this, all the recognized
-validator nodes (the TVU peers) are sorted by stake and stored in a list. This
-list is then indexed in different ways to figure out neighborhood boundaries and
-retransmit peers. For example, the leader will simply select the first nodes to
-make up layer 1. These will automatically be the highest stake holders, allowing
-the heaviest votes to come back to the leader first. Layer-1 and lower-layer
-nodes use the same logic to find their neighbors and lower layer peers.
-
-## Layer and Neighborhood Structure
-
-The current leader makes its initial broadcasts to at most `DATA_PLANE_FANOUT`
-nodes. If this layer 1 is smaller than the number of nodes in the cluster, then
-the data plane fanout mechanism adds layers below. Subsequent layers follow
-these constraints to determine layer-capacity: Each neighborhood contains
-`NEIGHBORHOOD_SIZE` nodes and each layer may have up to `DATA_PLANE_FANOUT/2`
-neighborhoods.
-
-As mentioned above, each node in a layer only has to broadcast its blobs to its
-neighbors and to exactly 1 node in each next-layer neighborhood, instead of to
-every TVU peer in the cluster. In the default mode, each layer contains
-`DATA_PLANE_FANOUT/2` neighborhoods. The retransmit mechanism also supports a
-second, `grow`, mode of operation that squares the number of neighborhoods
-allowed each layer. This dramatically reduces the number of layers needed to
-support a large cluster, but can also have a negative impact on the network
-pressure on each node in the lower layers. A good way to think of the default
-mode (when `grow` is disabled) is to imagine it as chain of layers, where the
-leader sends blobs to layer-1 and then layer-1 to layer-2 and so on, the `layer
-capacities` remain constant, so all layers past layer-2 will have the same
-number of nodes until the whole cluster is covered. When `grow` is enabled, this
-becomes a traditional fanout where layer-3 will have the square of the number of
-nodes in layer-2 and so on.
-
-#### Configuration Values
-
-`DATA_PLANE_FANOUT` - Determines the size of layer 1. Subsequent
-layers have `DATA_PLANE_FANOUT/2` neighborhoods when `grow` is inactive.
-
-`NEIGHBORHOOD_SIZE` - The number of nodes allowed in a neighborhood.
-Neighborhoods will fill to capacity before new ones are added, i.e if a
-neighborhood isn't full, it _must_ be the last one.
-
-`GROW_LAYER_CAPACITY` - Whether or not retransmit should be behave like a
-_traditional fanout_, i.e if each additional layer should have growing
-capacities. When this mode is disabled (default), all layers after layer 1 have
-the same capacity, keeping the network pressure on all nodes equal.
-
-Currently, configuration is set when the cluster is launched. In the future,
-these parameters may be hosted on-chain, allowing modification on the fly as the
-cluster sizes change.
-
-## Neighborhoods
-
-The following diagram shows how two neighborhoods in different layers interact.
-What this diagram doesn't capture is that each neighbor actually receives
-blobs from one validator per neighborhood above it. This means that, to
-cripple a neighborhood, enough nodes (erasure codes +1 per neighborhood) from
-the layer above need to fail.  Since multiple neighborhoods exist in the upper
-layer and a node will receive blobs from a node in each of those neighborhoods,
-we'd need a big network failure in the upper layers to end up with incomplete
-data.
-
-<img alt="Inner workings of a neighborhood"
-src="img/data-plane-neighborhood.svg" class="center"/>
--- a/book/src/drones.md
+++ b/book/src/drones.md
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ client's account.
 A drone is a simple signing service. It listens for requests to sign
 *transaction data*.  Once received, the drone validates the request however it
 sees fit. It may, for example, only accept transaction data with a
-`SystemInstruction::Move` instruction transferring only up to a certain amount
+`SystemInstruction::Transfer` instruction transferring only up to a certain amount
 of tokens. If the drone accepts the transaction, it returns an `Ok(Signature)`
 where `Signature` is a signature of the transaction data using the drone's
 private key. If it rejects the transaction data, it returns a `DroneError`
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ beyond a certain *age*.

 If the transaction data size is smaller than the size of the returned signature
 (or descriptive error), a single client can flood the network.  Considering
-that a simple `Move` operation requires two public keys (each 32 bytes) and a
+that a simple `Transfer` operation requires two public keys (each 32 bytes) and a
 `fee` field, and that the returned signature is 64 bytes (and a byte to
 indicate `Ok`), consideration for this attack may not be required.

--- a/book/src/ed_mvp.md
+++ b/book/src/ed_mvp.md
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## Proposed MVP of Economic Design
+
+The preceeding sections, outlined in the [Economic Design Overview](ed_overview.md), describe a long-term vision of a sustainable Solana economy. Of course, we don't expect the final implementation to perfectly match what has been described above. We intend to fully engage with network stakeholders throughout the implementation phases (i.e. pre-testnet, testnet, mainnet) to ensure the system supports, and is representative of, the various network participants' interests. The first step toward this goal, however, is outlining a some desired MVP economic features to be available for early pre-testnet and testnet participants. Below is a rough sketch outlining basic economic functionality from which a more complete and functional system can be developed.
+
+### MVP Economic Features
+
+* Faucet to deliver testnet SOLs to validators for staking and dapp development.
+* Mechanism by which validators are rewarded in proportion to their stake. Interest rate mechansism (i.e. to be determined by total % staked) to come later.
+* Ability to delegate tokens to validator nodes.
+* Replicators to receive fixed, arbitrary reward for submitting validated PoReps. Reward size mechanism (i.e. PoRep reward as a function of total ledger redundancy) to come later.
+* Pooling of replicator PoRep transaction fees and weighted distribution to validators based on PoRep verification (see [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). It will be useful to test this protection against attacks on testnet.
+* Nice-to-have: auto-delegation of replicator rewards to validator.
--- a/book/src/ed_overview.md
+++ b/book/src/ed_overview.md
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ These protocol-based rewards, to be distributed to participating validation and

 Transaction fees are market-based participant-to-participant transfers, attached to network interactions as a necessary motivation and compensation for the inclusion and execution of a proposed transaction (be it a state execution or proof-of-replication verification). A mechanism for continuous and long-term funding of the mining pool through a pre-dedicated portion of transaction fees is also discussed below.

-A high-level schematic of Solana’s crypto-economic design is shown below in **Figure 1**. The specifics of validation-client economics are described in sections: [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md), [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md), [State-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_state_validation_transaction_fees.md) and [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). Also, the chapter titled [Validation Stake Delegation](ed_vce_validation_stake_delegation.md) closes with a discussion of validator delegation opportunties and marketplace. The [Replication-client Economics](ed_replication_client_economics.md) chapter will review the Solana network design for global ledger storage/redundancy and replicator-client economics ([Storage-replication rewards](ed_rce_storage_replication_rewards.md)) along with a replicator-to-validator delegation mechanism designed to aide participant on-boarding into the Solana economy discussed in [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md). The [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md) section dives deeper into Solana’s design for long-term economic sustainability and outlines the constraints and conditions for a self-sustaining economy. Finally, in chapter [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md), various attack vectors will be described and potential vulnerabilities explored and parameterized.
+A high-level schematic of Solana’s crypto-economic design is shown below in **Figure 1**. The specifics of validation-client economics are described in sections: [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md), [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md), [State-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_state_validation_transaction_fees.md) and [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). Also, the chapter titled [Validation Stake Delegation](ed_vce_validation_stake_delegation.md) closes with a discussion of validator delegation opportunties and marketplace. The [Replication-client Economics](ed_replication_client_economics.md) chapter will review the Solana network design for global ledger storage/redundancy and replicator-client economics ([Storage-replication rewards](ed_rce_storage_replication_rewards.md)) along with a replicator-to-validator delegation mechanism designed to aide participant on-boarding into the Solana economy discussed in [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md). The [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md) section dives deeper into Solana’s design for long-term economic sustainability and outlines the constraints and conditions for a self-sustaining economy. An outline of features for an MVP economic design is discussed in the [Economic Design MVP](ed_mvp.md) section. Finally, in chapter [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md), various attack vectors will be described and potential vulnerabilities explored and parameterized.

 <!-- ![img alt text](solana_economic_design.png) -->
 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="img/solana_economic_design.png" alt="== Solana Economic Design Diagram ==" width="800"/></p>
--- a/book/src/getting-started.md
+++ b/book/src/getting-started.md
@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ nodes are started
 $ cargo build --all
 ```

-The network is initialized with a genesis ledger and fullnode configuration files.
-These files can be generated by running the following script.
+The network is initialized with a genesis ledger generated by running the
+following script.

 ```bash
 $ ./multinode-demo/setup.sh
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ $ ./multinode-demo/drone.sh

 ### Singlenode Testnet

-Before you start a fullnode, make sure you know the IP address of the machine you
+Before you start a validator, make sure you know the IP address of the machine you
 want to be the bootstrap leader for the demo, and make sure that udp ports 8000-10000 are
 open on all the machines you want to test with.

@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ The drone does not need to be running for subsequent leader starts.
 ### Multinode Testnet

 To run a multinode testnet, after starting a leader node, spin up some
-additional full nodes in separate shells:
+additional validators in separate shells:

 ```bash
-$ ./multinode-demo/fullnode-x.sh
+$ ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh
 ```

 To run a performance-enhanced full node on Linux,
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ your system:
 ```bash
 $ ./fetch-perf-libs.sh
 $ SOLANA_CUDA=1 ./multinode-demo/bootstrap-leader.sh
-$ SOLANA_CUDA=1 ./multinode-demo/fullnode-x.sh
+$ SOLANA_CUDA=1 ./multinode-demo/validator.sh
 ```

 ### Testnet Client Demo
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Generally we are using `debug` for infrequent debug messages, `trace` for potent
 messages and `info` for performance-related logging.

 You can also attach to a running process with GDB.  The leader's process is named
-_solana-fullnode_:
+_solana-validator_:

 ```bash
 $ sudo gdb
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ This will dump all the threads stack traces into gdb.txt
 In this example the client connects to our public testnet. To run validators on the testnet you would need to open udp ports `8000-10000`.

 ```bash
-$ ./multinode-demo/client.sh --network $(dig +short testnet.solana.com):8001 --duration 60
+$ ./multinode-demo/client.sh --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 --drone testnet.solana.com:9900 --duration 60 --tx_count 50
 ```

 You can observe the effects of your client's transactions on our [dashboard](https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/testnet/testnet-hud?orgId=2&from=now-30m&to=now&refresh=5s&var-testnet=testnet)
--- a/book/src/gossip.md
+++ b/book/src/gossip.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Gossip Service

-The Gossip Service acts as a gateway to nodes in the control plane. Fullnodes
+The Gossip Service acts as a gateway to nodes in the control plane. Validators
 use the service to ensure information is available to all other nodes in a cluster.
 The service broadcasts information using a gossip protocol.

@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ Just like *pull message*, nodes are selected into the active set based on weight

 ## Notable differences from PlumTree

-The active push protocol described here is based on (Plum
-Tree)[https://haslab.uminho.pt/jop/files/lpr07a.pdf].  The main differences are:
+The active push protocol described here is based on [Plum
+Tree](https://haslab.uminho.pt/jop/files/lpr07a.pdf).  The main differences are:

 * Push messages have a wallclock that is signed by the originator.  Once the
 wallclock expires the message is dropped.  A hop limit is difficult to implement
--- a/book/src/implemented-proposals.md
+++ b/book/src/implemented-proposals.md
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Implemented Design Proposals
+
+The following design proposals are fully implemented.
--- a/book/src/installer.md
+++ b/book/src/installer.md
@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+## Cluster Software Installation and Updates
+Currently users are required to build the solana cluster software themselves
+from the git repository and manually update it, which is error prone and
+inconvenient.
+
+This document proposes an easy to use software install and updater that can be
+used to deploy pre-built binaries for supported platforms.  Users may elect to
+use binaries supplied by Solana or any other party they trust.  Deployment of
+updates is managed using an on-chain update manifest program.
+
+### Motivating Examples
+#### Fetch and run a pre-built installer using a bootstrap curl/shell script
+The easiest install method for supported platforms:
+```bash
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.16.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh
+```
+
+This script will check github for the latest tagged release and download and run the
+`solana-install-init` binary from there.
+
+
+If additional arguments need to be specified during the installation, the
+following shell syntax is used:
+```bash
+$ init_args=.... # arguments for `solana-install-init ...`
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.16.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh -s - ${init_args}
+```
+
+#### Fetch and run a pre-built installer from a Github release
+With a well-known release URL, a pre-built binary can be obtained for supported
+platforms:
+
+```bash
+$ curl -o solana-install-init https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/v0.16.0/solana-install-init-x86_64-apple-darwin
+$ chmod +x ./solana-install-init
+$ ./solana-install-init --help
+```
+
+#### Build and run the installer from source
+If a pre-built binary is not available for a given platform, building the
+installer from source is always an option:
+```bash
+$ git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
+$ cd solana/install
+$ cargo run -- --help
+```
+
+#### Deploy a new update to a cluster
+Given a solana release tarball (as created by `ci/publish-tarball.sh`) that has already been uploaded to a publicly accessible URL,
+the following commands will deploy the update:
+```bash
+$ solana-keygen new -o update-manifest.json  # <-- only generated once, the public key is shared with users
+$ solana-install deploy http://example.com/path/to/solana-release.tar.bz2 update-manifest.json
+```
+
+#### Run a validator node that auto updates itself
+```bash
+$ solana-install init --pubkey 92DMonmBYXwEMHJ99c9ceRSpAmk9v6i3RdvDdXaVcrfj  # <-- pubkey is obtained from whoever is deploying the updates
+$ export PATH=~/.local/share/solana-install/bin:$PATH
+$ solana-keygen ...  # <-- runs the latest solana-keygen
+$ solana-install run solana-validator ...  # <-- runs a validator, restarting it as necesary when an update is applied
+```
+
+### On-chain Update Manifest
+An update manifest is used to advertise the deployment of new release tarballs
+on a solana cluster.  The update manifest is stored using the `config` program,
+and each update manifest account describes a logical update channel for a given
+target triple (eg, `x86_64-apple-darwin`).  The account public key is well-known
+between the entity deploying new updates and users consuming those updates.
+
+The update tarball itself is hosted elsewhere, off-chain and can be fetched from
+the specified `download_url`.
+
+```rust,ignore
+use solana_sdk::signature::Signature;
+
+/// Information required to download and apply a given update
+pub struct UpdateManifest {
+    pub timestamp_secs: u64, // When the release was deployed in seconds since UNIX EPOCH
+    pub download_url: String, // Download URL to the release tar.bz2
+    pub download_sha256: String, // SHA256 digest of the release tar.bz2 file
+}
+
+/// Userdata of an Update Manifest program Account.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SignedUpdateManifest {
+    pub manifest: UpdateManifest,
+    pub manifest_signature: Signature,
+}
+
+```
+
+Note that the `manifest` field itself contains a corresponding signature
+(`manifest_signature`) to guard against man-in-the-middle attacks between the
+`solana-install` tool and the solana cluster RPC API.
+
+To guard against rollback attacks, `solana-install` will refuse to install an
+update with an older `timestamp_secs` than what is currently installed.
+
+### Release Archive Contents
+A release archive is expected to be a tar file compressed with
+bzip2 with the following internal structure:
+
+* `/version.yml` - a simple YAML file containing the field `"target"` - the
+  target tuple.  Any additional fields are ignored.
+* `/bin/` -- directory containing available programs in the release.
+  `solana-install` will symlink this directory to
+  `~/.local/share/solana-install/bin` for use by the `PATH` environment
+  variable.
+* `...` -- any additional files and directories are permitted
+
+### solana-install Tool
+The `solana-install` tool is used by the user to install and update their cluster software.
+
+It manages the following files and directories in the user's home directory:
+* `~/.config/solana/install/config.yml` - user configuration and information about currently installed software version
+* `~/.local/share/solana/install/bin` - a symlink to the current release. eg, `~/.local/share/solana-update/<update-pubkey>-<manifest_signature>/bin`
+* `~/.local/share/solana/install/releases/<download_sha256>/` - contents of a release
+
+#### Command-line Interface
+```manpage
+solana-install 0.16.0
+The solana cluster software installer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install [OPTIONS] <SUBCOMMAND>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -c, --config <PATH>    Configuration file to use [default: /Users/mvines/Library/Preferences/solana/install.yml]
+
+SUBCOMMANDS:
+    deploy    deploys a new update
+    help      Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+    info      displays information about the current installation
+    init      initializes a new installation
+    run       Runs a program while periodically checking and applying software updates
+    update    checks for an update, and if available downloads and applies it
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-init
+initializes a new installation
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install init [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -d, --data_dir <PATH>    Directory to store install data [default: /Users/mvines/Library/Application Support/solana]
+    -u, --url <URL>          JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster [default: https://api.testnet.solana.com/]
+    -p, --pubkey <PUBKEY>    Public key of the update manifest [default: 9XX329sPuskWhH4DQh6k16c87dHKhXLBZTL3Gxmve8Gp]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-info
+displays information about the current installation
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install info [FLAGS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help     Prints help information
+    -l, --local    only display local information, don't check the cluster for new updates
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-deploy
+deploys a new update
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install deploy <download_url> <update_manifest_keypair>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+ARGS:
+    <download_url>               URL to the solana release archive
+    <update_manifest_keypair>    Keypair file for the update manifest (/path/to/keypair.json)
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-update
+checks for an update, and if available downloads and applies it
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install update
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-run
+Runs a program while periodically checking and applying software updates
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install run <program_name> [program_arguments]...
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+ARGS:
+    <program_name>            program to run
+    <program_arguments>...    arguments to supply to the program
+
+The program will be restarted upon a successful software update
+```
--- a/book/src/jsonrpc-api.md
+++ b/book/src/jsonrpc-api.md
@ -24,9 +24,14 @@ Methods
 * [confirmTransaction](#confirmtransaction)
 * [getAccountInfo](#getaccountinfo)
 * [getBalance](#getbalance)
+* [getClusterNodes](#getclusternodes)
 * [getRecentBlockhash](#getrecentblockhash)
 * [getSignatureStatus](#getsignaturestatus)
+* [getSlotLeader](#getslotleader)
+* [getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation](#getnumblockssincesignatureconfirmation)
 * [getTransactionCount](#gettransactioncount)
+* [getTotalSupply](#gettotalsupply)
+* [getEpochVoteAccounts](#getepochvoteaccounts)
 * [requestAirdrop](#requestairdrop)
 * [sendTransaction](#sendtransaction)
 * [startSubscriptionChannel](#startsubscriptionchannel)
@ -113,6 +118,30 @@ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "

 ---

+### getClusterNodes
+Returns information about all the nodes participating in the cluster
+
+##### Parameters:
+None
+
+##### Results:
+The result field will be an array of JSON objects, each with the following sub fields:
+* `pubkey` - Node public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `gossip` - Gossip network address for the node
+* `tpu` - TPU network address for the node
+* `rpc` - JSON RPC network address for the node, or `null` if the JSON RPC service is not enabled
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getClusterNodes"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"gossip":"10.239.6.48:8001","pubkey":"9QzsJf7LPLj8GkXbYT3LFDKqsj2hHG7TA3xinJHu8epQ","rpc":"10.239.6.48:8899","tpu":"10.239.6.48:8856"}],"id":1}
+```
+
+---
+
 ### getAccountInfo
 Returns all information associated with the account of provided Pubkey

@ -124,7 +153,7 @@ The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:

 * `lamports`, number of lamports assigned to this account, as a signed 64-bit integer
 * `owner`, array of 32 bytes representing the program this account has been assigned to
-* `userdata`, array of bytes representing any userdata associated with the account
+* `data`, array of bytes representing any data associated with the account
 * `executable`, boolean indicating if the account contains a program (and is strictly read-only)
 * `loader`, array of 32 bytes representing the loader for this program (if `executable`), otherwise all

@ -134,19 +163,22 @@ The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:
 curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getAccountInfo", "params":["2gVkYWexTHR5Hb2aLeQN3tnngvWzisFKXDUPrgMHpdST"]}' http://localhost:8899

 // Result
-{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"userdata":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"id":1}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"id":1}
 ```

 ---

 ### getRecentBlockhash
-Returns a recent block hash from the ledger
+Returns a recent block hash from the ledger, and a fee schedule that can be used
+to compute the cost of submitting a transaction using it.

 ##### Parameters:
 None

 ##### Results:
+An array consisting of
 * `string` - a Hash as base-58 encoded string
+* `FeeCalculator object` - the fee schedule for this block hash

 ##### Example:
 ```bash
@ -154,7 +186,7 @@ None
 curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getRecentBlockhash"}' http://localhost:8899

 // Result
-{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"GH7ome3EiwEr7tu9JuTh2dpYWBJK3z69Xm1ZE3MEE6JC","id":1}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":["GH7ome3EiwEr7tu9JuTh2dpYWBJK3z69Xm1ZE3MEE6JC",{"lamportsPerSignature": 0}],"id":1}
 ```

 ---
@ -168,12 +200,10 @@ events.
 * `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string

 ##### Results:
-* `string` - Transaction status:
-    * `Confirmed` - Transaction was successful
-    * `SignatureNotFound` - Unknown transaction
-    * `ProgramRuntimeError` - An error occurred in the program that processed this Transaction
-    * `AccountInUse` - Another Transaction had a write lock one of the Accounts specified in this Transaction.  The Transaction may succeed if retried
-    * `GenericFailure` - Some other error occurred.  **Note**: In the future new Transaction statuses may be added to this list.  It's safe to assume that all new statuses will be more specific error conditions that previously presented as `GenericFailure`
+* `null` - Unknown transaction
+* `object` - Transaction status:
+    * `"Ok": null` - Transaction was successful
+    * `"Err": <ERR>` - Transaction failed with TransactionError <ERR> [TransactionError definitions](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/src/transaction.rs#L14)

 ##### Example:
 ```bash
@ -184,7 +214,48 @@ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"SignatureNotFound","id":1}
 ```

+-----
+
+### getSlotLeader
+Returns the current slot leader
+
+##### Parameters:
+None
+
+##### Results:
+* `string` - Node Id as base-58 encoded string
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlotLeader"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"ENvAW7JScgYq6o4zKZwewtkzzJgDzuJAFxYasvmEQdpS","id":1}
+```
+
+-----
+
+### getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation
+Returns the current number of blocks since signature has been confirmed.
+
+##### Parameters:
+* `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
+
+##### Results:
+* `integer` - count, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation", "params":["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":8,"id":1}
+```
+
 ---
+
 ### getTransactionCount
 Returns the current Transaction count from the ledger

@ -205,6 +276,51 @@ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "m

 ---

+### getTotalSupply
+Returns the current total supply in Lamports
+
+##### Parameters:
+None
+
+##### Results:
+* `integer` - Total supply, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTotalSupply"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":10126,"id":1}
+```
+
+---
+
+### getEpochVoteAccounts
+Returns the account info and associated stake for all the voting accounts in the current epoch.
+
+##### Parameters:
+None
+
+##### Results:
+The result field will be an array of JSON objects, each with the following sub fields:
+* `votePubkey` - Vote account public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `nodePubkey` - Node public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `stake` - the stake, in lamports, delegated to this vote account
+* `commission`, a 32-bit integer used as a fraction (commission/MAX_U32) for rewards payout
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getEpochVoteAccounts"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"commission":0,"nodePubkey":"Et2RaZJdJRTzTkodUwiHr4H6sLkVmijBFv8tkd7oSSFY","stake":42,"votePubkey":"B4CdWq3NBSoH2wYsVE1CaZSWPo2ZtopE4SJipQhZ3srF"}],"id":1}
+```
+
+---
+
+
 ### requestAirdrop
 Requests an airdrop of lamports to a Pubkey

@ -250,15 +366,25 @@ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "m
 After connect to the RPC PubSub websocket at `ws://<ADDRESS>/`:
 - Submit subscription requests to the websocket using the methods below
 - Multiple subscriptions may be active at once
+- All subscriptions take an optional `confirmations` parameter, which defines
+  how many confirmed blocks the node should wait before sending a notification.
+  The greater the number, the more likely the notification is to represent
+  consensus across the cluster, and the less likely it is to be affected by
+  forking or rollbacks. If unspecified, the default value is 0; the node will
+  send a notification as soon as it witnesses the event. The maximum
+  `confirmations` wait length is the cluster's `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY`, which
+  represents the economic finality of the chain.

 ---

 ### accountSubscribe
-Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when the lamports or userdata
+Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when the lamports or data
 for a given account public key changes

 ##### Parameters:
 * `string` - account Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` (greater integers rounded down)

 ##### Results:
 * `integer` - Subscription id (needed to unsubscribe)
@ -268,13 +394,15 @@ for a given account public key changes
 // Request
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"accountSubscribe", "params":["CM78CPUeXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNH12"]}

+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"accountSubscribe", "params":["CM78CPUeXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNH12", 15]}
+
 // Result
 {"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
 ```

 ##### Notification Format:
 ```bash
-{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "accountNotification", "params": {"result": {"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"userdata":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"subscription":0}}
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "accountNotification", "params": {"result": {"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"subscription":0}}
 ```

 ---
@ -300,11 +428,13 @@ Unsubscribe from account change notifications
 ---

 ### programSubscribe
-Subscribe to a program to receive notifications when the lamports or userdata
+Subscribe to a program to receive notifications when the lamports or data
 for a given account owned by the program changes

 ##### Parameters:
 * `string` - program_id Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` (greater integers rounded down)

 ##### Results:
 * `integer` - Subscription id (needed to unsubscribe)
@ -314,6 +444,8 @@ for a given account owned by the program changes
 // Request
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"programSubscribe", "params":["9gZbPtbtHrs6hEWgd6MbVY9VPFtS5Z8xKtnYwA2NynHV"]}

+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"programSubscribe", "params":["9gZbPtbtHrs6hEWgd6MbVY9VPFtS5Z8xKtnYwA2NynHV", 15]}
+
 // Result
 {"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
 ```
@ -322,7 +454,7 @@ for a given account owned by the program changes
 * `string` - account Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
 * `object` - account info JSON object (see [getAccountInfo](#getaccountinfo) for field details)
 ```bash
-{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"programNotification","params":{{"result":["8Rshv2oMkPu5E4opXTRyuyBeZBqQ4S477VG26wUTFxUM",{"executable":false,"lamports":1,"owner":[129,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"userdata":[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,49,56,45,49,50,45,50,52,84,50,51,58,53,57,58,48,48,90,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,55,89,0,0,0,0,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,45,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}],"subscription":0}}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"programNotification","params":{{"result":["8Rshv2oMkPu5E4opXTRyuyBeZBqQ4S477VG26wUTFxUM",{"executable":false,"lamports":1,"owner":[129,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"data":[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,49,56,45,49,50,45,50,52,84,50,51,58,53,57,58,48,48,90,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,55,89,0,0,0,0,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,45,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}],"subscription":0}}
 ```

 ---
@ -353,6 +485,8 @@ On `signatureNotification`, the subscription is automatically cancelled

 ##### Parameters:
 * `string` - Transaction Signature, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` (greater integers rounded down)

 ##### Results:
 * `integer` - subscription id (needed to unsubscribe)
@ -362,6 +496,8 @@ On `signatureNotification`, the subscription is automatically cancelled
 // Request
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"signatureSubscribe", "params":["2EBVM6cB8vAAD93Ktr6Vd8p67XPbQzCJX47MpReuiCXJAtcjaxpvWpcg9Ege1Nr5Tk3a2GFrByT7WPBjdsTycY9b"]}

+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"signatureSubscribe", "params":["2EBVM6cB8vAAD93Ktr6Vd8p67XPbQzCJX47MpReuiCXJAtcjaxpvWpcg9Ege1Nr5Tk3a2GFrByT7WPBjdsTycY9b", 15]}
+
 // Result
 {"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
 ```
--- a/book/src/leader-leader-transition.md
+++ b/book/src/leader-leader-transition.md
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ The upsides compared to guards:
 * The timeout is not fixed.

 * The timeout is local to the leader, and therefore can be clever.  The leader's
-heuristic can take into account avalanche performance.
+heuristic can take into account turbine performance.

 * This design doesn't require a ledger hard fork to update.

--- a/book/src/leader-validator-transition.md
+++ b/book/src/leader-validator-transition.md
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Forwarding is preferred, as it would minimize network congestion, allowing the
 cluster to advertise higher TPS capacity.


-## Fullnode Loop
+## Validator Loop

 The PoH Recorder manages the transition between modes. Once a ledger is
 replayed, the validator can run until the recorder indicates it should be
--- a/book/src/ledger-replication-to-implement.md
+++ b/book/src/ledger-replication-to-implement.md
@ -2,6 +2,12 @@

 Replication behavior yet to be implemented.

+### Storage epoch
+
+The storage epoch should be the number of slots which results in around 100GB-1TB of
+ledger to be generated for replicators to store. Replicators will start storing ledger
+when a given fork has a high probability of not being rolled back.
+
 ### Validator behavior

 3. Every NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_TICKS it also validates samples received from
@ -37,3 +43,100 @@ transacation proves the validator incorrectly validated a fake storage proof.
 The replicator is rewarded and the validator's staking balance is slashed or
 frozen.

+### Storage proof contract logic
+
+Each replicator and validator will have their own storage account. The validator's
+account would be separate from their gossip id similiar to their vote account.
+These should be implemented as two programs one which handles the validator as the keysigner
+and one for the replicator. In that way when the programs reference other accounts, they
+can check the program id to ensure it is a validator or replicator account they are
+referencing.
+
+#### SubmitMiningProof
+```rust,ignore
+SubmitMiningProof {
+    slot: u64,
+    sha_state: Hash,
+    signature: Signature,
+};
+keys = [replicator_keypair]
+```
+Replicators create these after mining their stored ledger data for a certain hash value.
+The slot is the end slot of the segment of ledger they are storing, the sha\_state
+the result of the replicator using the hash function to sample their encrypted ledger segment.
+The signature is the signature that was created when they signed a PoH value for the
+current storage epoch. The list of proofs from the current storage epoch should be saved
+in the account state, and then transfered to a list of proofs for the previous epoch when
+the epoch passes. In a given storage epoch a given replicator should only submit proofs
+for one segment.
+
+The program should have a list of slots which are valid storage mining slots.
+This list should be maintained by keeping track of slots which are rooted slots in which a significant
+portion of the network has voted on with a high lockout value, maybe 32-votes old. Every SLOTS\_PER\_SEGMENT
+number of slots would be added to this set. The program should check that the slot is in this set. The set can
+be maintained by receiving a AdvertiseStorageRecentBlockHash and checking with its bank/locktower state.
+
+The program should do a signature verify check on the signature, public key from the transaction submitter and the message of
+the previous storage epoch PoH value.
+
+#### ProofValidation
+```rust,ignore
+ProofValidation {
+   proof_mask: Vec<ProofStatus>,
+}
+keys = [validator_keypair, replicator_keypair(s) (unsigned)]
+```
+A validator will submit this transaction to indicate that a set of proofs for a given
+segment are valid/not-valid or skipped where the validator did not look at it. The
+keypairs for the replicators that it looked at should be referenced in the keys so the program
+logic can go to those accounts and see that the proofs are generated in the previous epoch. The
+sampling of the storage proofs should be verified ensuring that the correct proofs are skipped by
+the validator according to the logic outlined in the validator behavior of sampling.
+
+The included replicator keys will indicate the the storage samples which are being referenced; the
+length of the proof\_mask should be verified against the set of storage proofs in the referenced
+replicator account(s), and should match with the number of proofs submitted in the previous storage
+epoch in the state of said replicator account.
+
+#### ClaimStorageReward
+```rust,ignore
+ClaimStorageReward {
+}
+keys = [validator_keypair or replicator_keypair, validator/replicator_keypairs (unsigned)]
+```
+Replicators and validators will use this transaction to get paid tokens from a program state
+where SubmitStorageProof, ProofValidation and ChallengeProofValidations are in a state where
+proofs have been submitted and validated and there are no ChallengeProofValidations referencing
+those proofs. For a validator, it should reference the replicator keypairs to which it has validated
+proofs in the relevant epoch. And for a replicator it should reference validator keypairs for which it
+has validated and wants to be rewarded.
+
+#### ChallengeProofValidation
+```rust,ignore
+ChallengeProofValidation {
+    proof_index: u64,
+    hash_seed_value: Vec<u8>,
+}
+keys = [replicator_keypair, validator_keypair]
+```
+
+This transaction is for catching lazy validators who are not doing the work to validate proofs.
+A replicator will submit this transaction when it sees a validator has approved a fake SubmitMiningProof
+transaction. Since the replicator is a light client not looking at the full chain, it will have to ask
+a validator or some set of validators for this information maybe via RPC call to obtain all ProofValidations for
+a certain segment in the previous storage epoch. The program will look in the validator account
+state see that a ProofValidation is submitted in the previous storage epoch and hash the hash\_seed\_value and
+see that the hash matches the SubmitMiningProof transaction and that the validator marked it as valid. If so,
+then it will save the challenge to the list of challenges that it has in its state.
+
+#### AdvertiseStorageRecentBlockhash
+```rust,ignore
+AdvertiseStorageRecentBlockhash {
+    hash: Hash,
+    slot: u64,
+}
+```
+
+Validators and replicators will submit this to indicate that a new storage epoch has passed and that the
+storage proofs which are current proofs should now be for the previous epoch. Other transactions should
+check to see that the epoch that they are referencing is accurate according to current chain state.
--- a/book/src/ledger-replication.md
+++ b/book/src/ledger-replication.md
@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 # Ledger Replication

 At full capacity on a 1gbps network solana will generate 4 petabytes of data
-per year.  To prevent the network from centralizing around full nodes that have
+per year.  To prevent the network from centralizing around validators that have
 to store the full data set this protocol proposes a way for mining nodes to
-provide storage capacity for pieces of the network.
+provide storage capacity for pieces of the data.

 The basic idea to Proof of Replication is encrypting a dataset with a public
 symmetric key using CBC encryption, then hash the encrypted dataset. The main
 problem with the naive approach is that a dishonest storage node can stream the
-encryption and delete the data as its hashed. The simple solution is to force
-the hash to be done on the reverse of the encryption, or perhaps with a random
-order. This ensures that all the data is present during the generation of the
-proof and it also requires the validator to have the entirety of the encrypted
-data present for verification of every proof of every identity. So the space
-required to validate is `number_of_proofs * data_size`
+encryption and delete the data as it's hashed. The simple solution is to periodically
+regenerate the hash based on a signed PoH value. This ensures that all the data is present
+during the generation of the proof and it also requires validators to have the
+entirety of the encrypted data present for verification of every proof of every identity.
+So the space required to validate is `number_of_proofs * data_size`

 ## Optimization with PoH

@ -29,13 +28,12 @@ core. The total space required for verification is `1_ledger_segment +
 ## Network

 Validators for PoRep are the same validators that are verifying transactions.
-They have some stake that they have put up as collateral that ensures that
-their work is honest. If you can prove that a validator verified a fake PoRep,
-then the validators stake can be slashed.
+If a replicator can prove that a validator verified a fake PoRep, then the
+validator will not receive a reward for that storage epoch.

-Replicators are specialized *light clients*. They download a part of the ledger
-and store it, and provide PoReps of storing the ledger. For each verified PoRep
-replicators earn a reward of sol from the mining pool.
+Replicators are specialized *light clients*. They download a part of the
+ledger (a.k.a Segment) and store it, and provide PoReps of storing the ledger.
+For each verified PoRep replicators earn a reward of sol from the mining pool.

 ## Constraints

@ -53,11 +51,10 @@ changes to determine what rate it can validate storage proofs.

 ### Constants

-1. NUM\_STORAGE\_ENTRIES: Number of entries in a segment of ledger data. The
+1. SLOTS\_PER\_SEGMENT: Number of slots in a segment of ledger data. The
 unit of storage for a replicator.
-2. NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_TICKS: Number of ticks to save a PoH value and cause a
-key generation for the section of ledger just generated and the rotation of
-another key in the set.
+2. NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_SEGMENTS: Number of segments after which replicators
+regenerate their encryption keys and select a new dataset to store.
 3. NUM\_STORAGE\_PROOFS: Number of storage proofs required for a storage proof
 claim to be successfully rewarded.
 4. RATIO\_OF\_FAKE\_PROOFS: Ratio of fake proofs to real proofs that a storage
@ -66,75 +63,108 @@ mining proof claim has to contain to be valid for a reward.
 proof.
 6. NUM\_CHACHA\_ROUNDS: Number of encryption rounds performed to generate
 encrypted state.
+7. NUM\_SLOTS\_PER\_TURN: Number of slots that define a single storage epoch or
+a "turn" of the PoRep game.

 ### Validator behavior

-1. Validator joins the network and submits a storage validation capacity
-transaction which tells the network how many proofs it can process in a given
-period defined by NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_TICKS.
-2. Every NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_TICKS the validator stores the PoH value at that
-height.
-3. Validator generates a storage proof confirmation transaction.
-4. The storage proof confirmation transaction is integrated into the ledger.
-6. Validator responds to RPC interfaces for what the last storage epoch PoH
-value is and its entry\_height.
+1. Validators join the network and begin looking for replicator accounts at each
+storage epoch/turn boundary.
+2. Every turn, Validators sign the PoH value at the boundary and use that signature
+to randomly pick proofs to verify from each storage account found in the turn boundary.
+This signed value is also submitted to the validator's storage account and will be used by
+replicators at a later stage to cross-verify.
+3. Every `NUM_SLOTS_PER_TURN` slots the validator advertises the PoH value. This is value
+is also served to Replicators via RPC interfaces.
+4. For a given turn N, all validations get locked out until turn N+3 (a gap of 2 turn/epoch).
+At which point all validations during that turn are available for reward collection.
+5. Any incorrect validations will be marked during the turn in between.
+

 ### Replicator behavior

 1. Since a replicator is somewhat of a light client and not downloading all the
-ledger data, they have to rely on other full nodes (validators) for
-information. Any given validator may or may not be malicious and give incorrect
-information, although there are not any obvious attack vectors that this could
-accomplish besides having the replicator do extra wasted work.  For many of the
-operations there are a number of options depending on how paranoid a replicator
-is:
+ledger data, they have to rely on other validators and replicators for information.
+Any given validator may or may not be malicious and give incorrect information, although
+there are not any obvious attack vectors that this could accomplish besides having the
+replicator do extra wasted work.  For many of the operations there are a number of options
+depending on how paranoid a replicator is:
    - (a) replicator can ask a validator
    - (b) replicator can ask multiple validators
-    - (c) replicator can subscribe to the full transaction stream and generate
-      the information itself
-    - (d) replicator can subscribe to an abbreviated transaction stream to
-      generate the information itself
-2. A replicator obtains the PoH hash corresponding to the last key rotation
-along with its entry\_height.
+    - (c) replicator can ask other replicators
+    - (d) replicator can subscribe to the full transaction stream and generate
+      the information itself (assuming the slot is recent enough)
+    - (e) replicator can subscribe to an abbreviated transaction stream to
+      generate the information itself (assuming the slot is recent enough)
+2. A replicator obtains the PoH hash corresponding to the last turn with its slot.
 3. The replicator signs the PoH hash with its keypair. That signature is the
 seed used to pick the segment to replicate and also the encryption key. The
-replicator mods the signature with the entry\_height to get which segment to
+replicator mods the signature with the slot to get which segment to
 replicate.
 4. The replicator retrives the ledger by asking peer validators and
 replicators. See 6.5.
 5. The replicator then encrypts that segment with the key with chacha algorithm
-in CBC mode with NUM\_CHACHA\_ROUNDS of encryption.
-6. The replicator initializes a chacha rng with the signature from step 2 as
+in CBC mode with `NUM_CHACHA_ROUNDS` of encryption.
+6. The replicator initializes a chacha rng with the a signed recent PoH value as
 the seed.
-7. The replicator generates NUM\_STORAGE\_SAMPLES samples in the range of the
+7. The replicator generates `NUM_STORAGE_SAMPLES` samples in the range of the
 entry size and samples the encrypted segment with sha256 for 32-bytes at each
 offset value. Sampling the state should be faster than generating the encrypted
 segment.
 8. The replicator sends a PoRep proof transaction which contains its sha state
 at the end of the sampling operation, its seed and the samples it used to the
 current leader and it is put onto the ledger.
+9. During a given turn the replicator should submit many proofs for the same segment
+and based on the `RATIO_OF_FAKE_PROOFS` some of those proofs must be fake.
+10. As the PoRep game enters the next turn, the replicator must submit a
+transaction with the mask of which proofs were fake during the last turn. This
+transaction will define the rewards for both replicators and validators.
+11. Finally for a turn N, as the PoRep game enters turn N + 3, replicator's proofs for
+turn N will be counted towards their rewards.


+### The PoRep Game
+
+The Proof of Replication game has 4 primary stages. For each "turn" multiple PoRep
+games can be in progress but each in a different stage.
+
+The 4 stages of the PoRep Game are as follows:
+
+1. Proof submission stage
+    - Replicators: submit as many proofs as possible during this stage
+    - Validators: No-op
+2. Proof verification stage
+    - Replicators: No-op
+    - Validators: Select replicators and verify their proofs from the previous turn
+3. Proof challenge stage
+    - Replicators: Submit the proof mask with justifications (for fake proofs submitted 2 turns ago)
+    - Validators: No-op
+4. Reward collection stage
+    - Replicators: Collect rewards for 3 turns ago
+    - Validators:  Collect rewards for 3 turns ago
+
+
+For each turn of the PoRep game, both Validators and Replicators evaluate each
+stage. The stages are run as separate transactions on the storage program.
+
 ### Finding who has a given block of ledger

-1. Validators monitor the transaction stream for storage mining proofs, and
-keep a mapping of ledger segments by entry\_height to public keys. When it sees
-a storage mining proof it updates this mapping and provides an RPC interface
-which takes an entry\_height and hands back a list of public keys.  The client
-then looks up in their cluster\_info table to see which network address that
-corresponds to and sends a repair request to retrieve the necessary blocks of
-ledger.
-2. Validators would need to prune this list which it could do by periodically
-looking at the oldest entries in its mappings and doing a network query to see
-if the storage host is still serving the first entry.
+1. Validators monitor the turns in the PoRep game and look at the rooted bank
+at turn boundaries for any proofs.
+2. Validators maintain a map of ledger segments and corresponding replicator public keys.
+The map is updated when a Validator processes a replicator's proofs for a segment.
+The validator provides an RPC interface to access the this map. Using this API, clients
+can map a segment to a replicator's network address (correlating it via cluster_info table).
+The clients can then send repair requests to the replicator to retrieve segments.
+3. Validators would need to invalidate this list every N turns.

 ## Sybil attacks

 For any random seed, we force everyone to use a signature that is derived from
-a PoH hash. Everyone must use the same count, so the same PoH hash is signed by
-every participant. The signatures are then each cryptographically tied to the
-keypair, which prevents a leader from grinding on the resulting value for more
-than 1 identity.
+a PoH hash at the turn boundary. Everyone uses the same count, so the same PoH
+hash is signed by every participant. The signatures are then each cryptographically
+tied to the keypair, which prevents a leader from grinding on the resulting
+value for more than 1 identity.

 Since there are many more client identities then encryption identities, we need
 to split the reward for multiple clients, and prevent Sybil attacks from
@ -155,8 +185,7 @@ the network can reward long lived client identities more than new ones.
  showing the initial state for the hash.
 - If a validator marks real proofs as fake, no on-chain computation can be done
  to distinguish who is correct. Rewards would have to rely on the results from
-multiple validators in a stake-weighted fashion to catch bad actors and
-replicators from being locked out of the network.
+  multiple validators to catch bad actors and replicators from being denied rewards.
 - Validator stealing mining proof results for itself. The proofs are derived
  from a signature from a replicator, since the validator does not know the
 private key used to generate the encryption key, it cannot be the generator of
--- a/book/src/passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md
+++ b/book/src/passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Stake Delegation and Reward
+
+This design proposal focuses on the software architecture for the on-chain
+voting and staking programs.  Incentives for staking is covered in [staking
+rewards](staking-rewards.md).
+
+The current architecture requires a vote for each delegated stake from the
+validator, and therefore does not scale to allow replicator clients to
+automatically delegate their rewards.
+
+The design proposes a new set of programs for voting and stake delegation, The
+proposed programs allow many stake accounts to passively earn rewards with a
+single validator vote without permission or active involvement from the
+validator.
+
+## Current Design Problems
+
+In the current design each staker creates their own VoteState, and assigns a
+**delegate** in the VoteState that can submit votes.  Since the validator has to
+actively vote for each stake delegated to it, validators can censor stakes by
+not voting for them.
+
+The number of votes is equal to the number of stakers, and not the number of
+validators.  Replicator clients are expected to delegate their replication
+rewards as they are earned, and therefore the number of stakes is expected to be
+large compared to the number of validators in a long running cluster.
+
+## Proposed changes to the current design.
+
+The general idea is that instead of the staker, the validator will own the
+VoteState program. In this proposal the VoteState program is there to track
+validator votes, count validator generated credits and to provide any
+additional validator specific state.  The VoteState program is not aware of any
+stakes delegated to it, and has no staking weight.
+
+The rewards generated are proportional to the amount of lamports staked.  In
+this proposal stake state is stored as part of the StakeState program. This
+program is owned by the staker only.  Lamports stored in this program are the
+stake.  Unlike the current design, this program contains a new field to indicate
+which VoteState program the stake is delegated to.
+
+### VoteState
+
+VoteState is the current state of all the votes the **delegate** has submitted
+to the bank.  VoteState contains the following state information:
+
+* votes - The submitted votes data structure.
+
+* credits - The total number of rewards this vote program has generated over its
+lifetime.
+
+* root\_slot - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary for
+rewards.
+
+* commission - The commission taken by this VoteState for any rewards claimed by
+staker's StakeState accounts.  This is the percentage ceiling of the reward.
+
+* Account::lamports - The accumulated lamports from the commission.  These do not
+count as stakes.
+
+* `authorized_vote_signer` - Only this identity is authorized to submit votes, and
+this field can only modified by this entity
+
+### VoteInstruction::Initialize
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is initialized to `account[0]`
+   other VoteState members defaulted
+
+### VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoteSigner(Pubkey)
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is set to to `Pubkey`, instruction must by
+   signed by Pubkey
+
+
+### StakeState
+
+A StakeState takes one of two forms, StakeState::Stake and StakeState::MiningPool.
+
+### StakeState::Stake
+
+Stake is the current delegation preference of the **staker**. Stake
+contains the following state information:
+
+* `voter_pubkey` - The pubkey of the VoteState instance the lamports are
+delegated to.
+
+* `credits_observed` - The total credits claimed over the lifetime of the
+program.
+
+* `stake` - The actual activated stake.
+
+* Account::lamports - Lamports available for staking, including any earned as rewards.
+
+
+### StakeState::MiningPool
+
+There are two approaches to the mining pool.  The bank could allow the
+StakeState program to bypass the token balance check, or a program representing
+the mining pool could run on the network.  To avoid a single network wide lock,
+the pool can be split into several mining pools.  This design focuses on using a
+StakeState::MiningPool as the cluster wide mining pools.
+
+* 256 StakeState::MiningPool are initialized, each with 1/256 number of mining pool
+tokens stored as `Account::lamports`.
+
+The stakes and the MiningPool are accounts that are owned by the same `Stake`
+program.
+
+### StakeInstruction::DelegateStake(stake)
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake instance.
+  `StakeState::Stake::credits_observed` is initialized to `VoteState::credits`.
+  `StakeState::Stake::voter_pubkey` is initialized to `account[1]`
+  `StakeState::Stake::stake` is initialized to `stake`, as long as it's less than account[0].lamports
+
+* `account[1]` - R - The VoteState instance.
+
+### StakeInstruction::RedeemVoteCredits
+
+The VoteState program and the StakeState programs maintain a lifetime counter
+of total rewards generated and claimed.  Therefore an explicit `Clear`
+instruction is not necessary.  When claiming rewards, the total lamports
+deposited into the StakeState and as validator commission is proportional to
+`VoteState::credits - StakeState::credits_observed`.
+
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::MiningPool instance that will fulfill the
+reward.
+* `account[1]` - RW - The StakeState::Stake instance that is redeeming votes
+credits.
+* `account[2]` - R - The VoteState instance, must be the same as
+`StakeState::voter_pubkey`
+
+Reward is payed out for the difference between `VoteState::credits` to
+`StakeState::Delgate.credits_observed`, and `credits_observed` is updated to
+`VoteState::credits`.  The commission is deposited into the `VoteState` token
+balance, and the reward is deposited to the `StakeState::Stake` token balance.  The
+reward and the commission is weighted by the `StakeState::lamports` divided by total lamports staked.
+
+The Staker or the owner of the Stake program sends a transaction with this
+instruction to claim the reward.
+
+Any random MiningPool can be used to redeem the credits.
+
+```rust,ignore
+let credits_to_claim = vote_state.credits - stake_state.credits_observed;
+stake_state.credits_observed = vote_state.credits;
+```
+
+`credits_to_claim` is used to compute the reward and commission, and
+`StakeState::Stake::credits_observed` is updated to the latest
+`VoteState::credits` value.
+
+### Collecting network fees into the MiningPool
+
+At the end of the block, before the bank is frozen, but after it processed all
+the transactions for the block, a virtual instruction is executed to collect
+the transaction fees.
+
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the leader's account.
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the smallest StakeState::MiningPool
+account.
+
+### Benefits
+
+* Single vote for all the stakers.
+
+* Clearing of the credit variable is not necessary for claiming rewards.
+
+* Each delegated stake can claim its rewards independently.
+
+* Commission for the work is deposited when a reward is claimed by the delegated
+stake.
+
+This proposal would benefit from the `read-only` accounts proposal to allow for
+many rewards to be claimed concurrently.
+
+## Passive Delegation
+
+Any number of instances of StakeState::Stake programs can delegate to a single
+VoteState program without an interactive action from the identity controlling
+the VoteState program or submitting votes to the program.
+
+The total stake allocated to a VoteState program can be calculated by the sum of
+all the StakeState programs that have the VoteState pubkey as the
+`StakeState::Stake::voter_pubkey`.
+
+## Example Callflow
+
+<img alt="Passive Staking Callflow" src="img/passive-staking-callflow.svg" class="center"/>
+
+## Future work
+
+Validators may want to split the stake delegated to them amongst many validator
+nodes since stake is used as weight in the network control and data planes.  One
+way to implement this would be for the StakeState to delegate to a pool of
+validators instead of a single one.
+
+Instead of a single `vote_pubkey` and `credits_observed` entry in the StakeState
+program, the program can be initialized with a vector of tuples.
+
+```rust,ignore
+Voter {
+    voter_pubkey: Pubkey,
+    credits_observed: u64,
+    weight: u8,
+}
+```
+
+* voters: Vec<Voter> - Array of VoteState accounts that are voting rewards with
+this stake.
+
+A StakeState program would claim a fraction of the reward from each voter in
+the `voters` array, and each voter would be delegated a fraction of the stake.
--- a/book/src/performance-metrics.md
+++ b/book/src/performance-metrics.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Performance Metrics
+
+Solana cluster performance is measured as average number of transactions per second
+that the network can sustain (TPS). And, how long it takes for a transaction to be
+confirmed by super majority of the cluster (Confirmation Time).
+
+Each cluster node maintains various counters that are incremented on certain events.
+These counters are periodically uploaded to a cloud based database. Solana's metrics
+dashboard fetches these counters, and computes the performance metrics and displays
+it on the dashboard. 
+
+## TPS
+
+The leader node's banking stage maintains a count of transactions that it recorded.
+The dashboard displays the count averaged over 2 second period in the TPS time series
+graph. The dashboard also shows per second mean, maximum and total TPS as a running
+counter.
+
+## Confirmation Time
+
+Each validator node maintains a list of active ledger forks that are visible to the node.
+A fork is considered to be frozen when the node has received and processed all entries
+corresponding to the fork. A fork is considered to be confirmed when it receives cumulative
+super majority vote, and when one of its children forks is frozen.
+
+The node assigns a timestamp to every new fork, and computes the time it took to confirm
+the fork. This time is reflected as validator confirmation time in performance metrics.
+The performance dashboard displays the average of each validator node's confirmation time
+as a time series graph. 
--- a/book/src/programs.md
+++ b/book/src/programs.md
@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 A client *app* interacts with a Solana cluster by sending it *transactions*
 with one or more *instructions*. The Solana *runtime* passes those instructions
 to user-contributed *programs*. An instruction might, for example, tell a
-program to move *lamports* from one *account* to another or create an interactive
-contract that governs how lamports are moved. Instructions are executed
+program to transfer *lamports* from one *account* to another or create an interactive
+contract that governs how lamports are transfered. Instructions are executed
 atomically. If any instruction is invalid, any changes made within the
 transaction are discarded.

--- a/book/src/reliable-vote-transmission.md
+++ b/book/src/reliable-vote-transmission.md
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ retransmitted twice around the network.

 4. CrdsValue for vote should look like this ``` Votes(Vec<Transaction>) ```

-Each vote transaction should maintain a `wallclock` in its userdata.  The merge
+Each vote transaction should maintain a `wallclock` in its data.  The merge
 strategy for Votes will keep the last N set of votes as configured by the local
 client.  For push/pull the vector is traversed recursively and each Transaction
 is treated as an individual CrdsValue with its own local wallclock and
--- a/book/src/repair-service.md
+++ b/book/src/repair-service.md
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Repair Service
+
+The RepairService is in charge of retrieving missing blobs that failed to be delivered by primary communication protocols like Avalanche. It is in charge of managing the protocols described below in the `Repair Protocols` section below.  
+
+# Challenges:
+
+1) Validators can fail to receive particular blobs due to network failures
+
+2) Consider a scenario where blocktree contains the set of slots {1, 3, 5}. Then Blocktree receives blobs for some slot 7, where for each of the blobs b, b.parent == 6, so then the parent-child relation 6 -> 7 is stored in blocktree. However, there is no way to chain these slots to any of the existing banks in Blocktree, and thus the `Blob Repair` protocol will not repair these slots. If these slots happen to be part of the main chain, this will halt replay progress on this node.
+
+3) Validators that find themselves behind the cluster by an entire epoch struggle/fail to catch up because they do not have a leader schedule for future epochs. If nodes were to blindly accept repair blobs in these future epochs, this exposes nodes to spam.
+
+# Repair Protocols
+
+The repair protocol makes best attempts to progress the forking structure of Blocktree. 
+
+The different protocol strategies to address the above challenges:
+
+1. Blob Repair (Addresses Challenge #1): 
+    This is the most basic repair protocol, with the purpose of detecting and filling "holes" in the ledger. Blocktree tracks the latest root slot. RepairService will then periodically iterate every fork in blocktree starting from the root slot, sending repair requests to validators for any missing blobs. It will send at most some `N` repair reqeusts per iteration.
+
+    Note: Validators will only accept blobs within the current verifiable epoch (epoch the validator has a leader schedule for).
+
+2. Preemptive Slot Repair (Addresses Challenge #2):
+    The goal of this protocol is to discover the chaining relationship of "orphan" slots that do not currently chain to any known fork. 
+
+    * Blocktree will track the set of "orphan" slots in a separate column family. 
+
+    * RepairService will periodically make `RequestOrphan` requests for each of the orphans in blocktree. 
+
+    `RequestOrphan(orphan)` request - `orphan` is the orphan slot that the requestor wants to know the parents of
+    `RequestOrphan(orphan)` response - The highest blobs for each of the first `N` parents of the requested `orphan` 
+
+    On receiving the responses `p`, where `p` is some blob in a parent slot, validators will:
+        * Insert an empty `SlotMeta` in blocktree for `p.slot` if it doesn't already exist.
+        * If `p.slot` does exist, update the parent of `p` based on `parents`
+
+    Note: that once these empty slots are added to blocktree, the `Blob Repair` protocol should attempt to fill those slots.
+
+    Note: Validators will only accept responses containing blobs within the current verifiable epoch (epoch the validator has a leader schedule for).
+
+3. Repairmen (Addresses Challenge #3):
+    This part of the repair protocol is the primary mechanism by which new nodes joining the cluster catch up after loading a snapshot. This protocol works in a "forward" fashion, so validators can verify every blob that they receive against a known leader schedule.
+
+    Each validator advertises in gossip:
+        * Current root
+        * The set of all completed slots in the confirmed epochs (an epoch that was calculated based on a bank <= current root) past the current root
+
+    Observers of this gossip message with higher epochs (repairmen) send blobs to catch the lagging node up with the rest of the cluster. The repairmen are responsible for sending the slots within the epochs that are confrimed by the advertised `root` in gossip. The repairmen divide the responsibility of sending each of the missing slots in these epochs based on a random seed (simple blob.index iteration by N, seeded with the repairman's node_pubkey). Ideally, each repairman in an N node cluster (N nodes whose epochs are higher than that of the repairee) sends 1/N of the missing blobs. Both data and coding blobs for missing slots are sent. Repairmen do not send blobs again to the same validator until they see the message in gossip updated, at which point they perform another iteration of this protocol.
+
+    Gossip messages are updated every time a validator receives a complete slot within the epoch. Completed slots are detected by blocktree and sent over a channel to RepairService. It is important to note that we know that by the time a slot X is complete, the epoch schedule must exist for the epoch that contains slot X because WindowService will reject blobs for unconfirmed epochs. When a newly completed slot is detected, we also update the current root if it has changed since the last update. The root is made available to RepairService through Blocktree, which holds the latest root.
--- a/book/src/runtime.md
+++ b/book/src/runtime.md
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ separating program code from the state it operates on, the runtime is able to
 choreograph concurrent access. Transactions accessing only credit-only
 accounts are executed in parallel whereas transactions accessing writable
 accounts are serialized.  The runtime interacts with the program through an
-entrypoint with a well-defined interface.  The userdata stored in an account is
+entrypoint with a well-defined interface.  The data stored in an account is
 an opaque type, an array of bytes. The program has full control over its
 contents.

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ programs can be executed in parallel.
 The runtime enforces the following rules:

 1. Only the *owner* program may modify the contents of an account.  This means
-that upon assignment userdata vector is guaranteed to be zero.
+that upon assignment data vector is guaranteed to be zero.

 2. Total balances on all the accounts is equal before and after execution of a
 transaction.
@ -59,24 +59,24 @@ accounts.

 ## SystemProgram Interface

-The interface is best described by the `Instruction::userdata` that the user
+The interface is best described by the `Instruction::data` that the user
 encodes.

 * `CreateAccount` - This allows the user to create an account with an allocated
-userdata array and assign it to a Program.
+data array and assign it to a Program.

 * `Assign` - Allows the user to assign an existing account to a program.

-* `Move`  - Moves lamports between accounts.
+* `Transfer`  - Transfers lamports between accounts.

 ## Program State Security

 For blockchain to function correctly, the program code must be resilient to user
 inputs.  That is why in this design the program specific code is the only code
-that can change the state of the userdata byte array in the Accounts that are
+that can change the state of the data byte array in the Accounts that are
 assigned to it.  It is also the reason why `Assign` or `CreateAccount` must zero
-out the userdata.  Otherwise there would be no possible way for the program to
-distinguish the recently assigned account userdata from a natively generated
+out the data.  Otherwise there would be no possible way for the program to
+distinguish the recently assigned account data from a natively generated
 state transition without some additional metadata from the runtime to indicate
 that this memory is assigned instead of natively generated.

@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ instruction can be composed into a single transaction with the call to the
 program itself.

 * `CreateAccount` and `Assign` guarantee that when account is assigned to the
-program, the Account's userdata is zero initialized.
+program, the Account's data is zero initialized.

 * Once assigned to program an Account cannot be reassigned.

 * Runtime guarantees that a program's code is the only code that can modify
-Account userdata that the Account is assigned to.
+Account data that the Account is assigned to.

 * Runtime guarantees that the program can only spend lamports that are in
 accounts that are assigned to it.
--- a/book/src/stake-delegation-and-rewards.md
+++ b/book/src/stake-delegation-and-rewards.md
@ -1,68 +1,195 @@
 # Stake Delegation and Rewards

-Stakers are rewarded for helping validate the ledger. They do it by delegating
-their stake to fullnodes. Those fullnodes do the legwork and send votes to the
-stakers' staking accounts. The rest of the cluster uses those stake-weighted
-votes to select a block when forks arise. Both the fullnode and staker need
-some economic incentive to play their part. The fullnode needs to be
-compensated for its hardware and the staker needs to be compensated for risking
-getting its stake slashed.  The economics are covered in [staking
+Stakers are rewarded for helping to validate the ledger. They do this by
+delegating their stake to validator nodes. Those validators do the legwork of
+replaying the ledger and send votes to a per-node vote account to which stakers
+can delegate their stakes.  The rest of the cluster uses those stake-weighted
+votes to select a block when forks arise. Both the validator and staker need
+some economic incentive to play their part. The validator needs to be
+compensated for its hardware and the staker needs to be compensated for the risk
+of getting its stake slashed.  The economics are covered in [staking
 rewards](staking-rewards.md).  This chapter, on the other hand, describes the
 underlying mechanics of its implementation.

-## Vote and Rewards accounts
+## Basic Besign

-The rewards process is split into two on-chain programs. The Vote program
-solves the problem of making stakes slashable. The Rewards account acts as
-custodian of the rewards pool. It is responsible for paying out each staker
-once the staker proves to the Rewards program that it participated in
-validating the ledger.
+The general idea is that the validator owns a Vote account. The Vote account
+tracks validator votes, counts validator generated credits, and provides any
+additional validator specific state.  The Vote account is not aware of any
+stakes delegated to it and has no staking weight.

-The Vote account contains the following state information:
+A separate Stake account (created by a staker) names a Vote account to which the
+stake is delegated.  Rewards generated are proportional to the amount of
+lamports staked.  The Stake account is owned by the staker only.  Lamports
+stored in this account are the stake.

-* votes - The submitted votes.
+## Passive Delegation

-* `delegate_id` - An identity that may operate with the weight of this
-  account's stake. It is typically the identity of a fullnode, but may be any
-identity involved in stake-weighted computations.
+Any number of Stake accounts can delegate to a single
+Vote account without an interactive action from the identity controlling
+the Vote account or submitting votes to the account.

-* `authorized_voter_id` - Only this identity is authorized to submit votes.
+The total stake allocated to a Vote account can be calculated by the sum of
+all the Stake accounts that have the Vote account pubkey as the
+`StakeState::Delegate::voter_pubkey`.

-* `credits` - The amount of unclaimed rewards.
+## Vote and Stake accounts

-* `root_slot` - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary
-  for rewards.
+The rewards process is split into two on-chain programs. The Vote program solves
+the problem of making stakes slashable. The Stake account acts as custodian of
+the rewards pool, and provides passive delegation. The Stake program is
+responsible for paying out each staker once the staker proves to the Stake
+program that its delegate has participated in validating the ledger.

-The Rewards program is stateless and pays out reward when a staker submits its
-Vote account to the program. Claiming a reward requires a transaction that
-includes the following instructions:
+### VoteState

-1. `RewardsInstruction::RedeemVoteCredits`
-2. `VoteInstruction::ClearCredits`
+VoteState is the current state of all the votes the validator has submitted to
+the network. VoteState contains the following state information:

-The Rewards program transfers lamports from the Rewards account to the Vote
-account's public key. The Rewards program also ensures that the `ClearCredits`
-instruction follows the `RedeemVoteCredits` instruction, such that a staker may
-not claim rewards for the same work more than once.
+* votes - The submitted votes data structure.
+
+* credits - The total number of rewards this vote program has generated over its
+lifetime.
+
+* root\_slot - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary for
+rewards.
+
+* commission - The commission taken by this VoteState for any rewards claimed by
+staker's Stake accounts.  This is the percentage ceiling of the reward.
+
+* Account::lamports - The accumulated lamports from the commission.  These do not
+count as stakes.
+
+* `authorized_vote_signer` - Only this identity is authorized to submit votes. This field can only modified by this identity.
+
+### VoteInstruction::Initialize
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is initialized to `account[0]`
+   other VoteState members defaulted
+
+### VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoteSigner(Pubkey)
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is set to to `Pubkey`, instruction must by
+   signed by Pubkey
+
+### VoteInstruction::Vote(Vec<Vote>)
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::lockouts` and `VoteState::credits` are updated according to voting lockout rules see [Fork Selection](fork-selection.md)


-### Delegating Stake
+* `account[1]` - RO - A list of some N most recent slots and their hashes for the vote to be verified against.

-`VoteInstruction::DelegateStake` allows the staker to choose a fullnode to
-validate the ledger on its behalf. By being a delegate, the fullnode is
-entitled to collect transaction fees when its is leader. The larger the stake,
-the more often the fullnode will be able to collect those fees.

-### Authorizing a Vote Signer
+### StakeState
+
+A StakeState takes one of two forms, StakeState::Delegate and StakeState::MiningPool.
+
+### StakeState::Delegate
+
+StakeState is the current delegation preference of the **staker**. StakeState
+contains the following state information:
+
+* Account::lamports - The staked lamports.
+
+* `voter_pubkey` - The pubkey of the VoteState instance the lamports are
+delegated to.
+
+* `credits_observed` - The total credits claimed over the lifetime of the
+program.
+
+### StakeState::MiningPool
+
+There are two approaches to the mining pool.  The bank could allow the
+StakeState program to bypass the token balance check, or a program representing
+the mining pool could run on the network.  To avoid a single network wide lock,
+the pool can be split into several mining pools.  This design focuses on using
+StakeState::MiningPool instances as the cluster wide mining pools.
+
+* 256 StakeState::MiningPool are initialized, each with 1/256 number of mining pool
+tokens stored as `Account::lamports`.
+
+The stakes and the MiningPool are accounts that are owned by the same `Stake`
+program.
+
+### StakeInstruction::Initialize
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance.
+  `StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is initialized to `VoteState::credits`.
+  `StakeState::Delegate::voter_pubkey` is initialized to `account[1]`
+
+* `account[1]` - R - The VoteState instance.
+
+### StakeInstruction::RedeemVoteCredits
+
+The Staker or the owner of the Stake account sends a transaction with this
+instruction to claim rewards.
+
+The Vote account and the Stake account pair maintain a lifetime counter
+of total rewards generated and claimed.  When claiming rewards, the total lamports
+deposited into the Stake account and as validator commission is proportional to
+`VoteState::credits - StakeState::credits_observed`.
+
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::MiningPool instance that will fulfill the
+reward.
+* `account[1]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance that is redeeming votes
+credits.
+* `account[2]` - R - The VoteState instance, must be the same as
+`StakeState::voter_pubkey`
+
+Reward is paid out for the difference between `VoteState::credits` to
+`StakeState::Delgate.credits_observed`, and `credits_observed` is updated to
+`VoteState::credits`.  The commission is deposited into the Vote account token
+balance, and the reward is deposited to the Stake account token balance.
+
+The total lamports paid is a percentage-rate of the lamports staked muiltplied by
+the ratio of rewards being redeemed to rewards that could have been generated
+during the rate period.
+
+Any random MiningPool can be used to redeem the credits.
+
+```rust,ignore
+let credits_to_claim = vote_state.credits - stake_state.credits_observed;
+stake_state.credits_observed = vote_state.credits;
+```
+
+`credits_to_claim` is used to compute the reward and commission, and
+`StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is updated to the latest
+`VoteState::credits` value.
+
+## Collecting network fees into the MiningPool
+
+At the end of the block, before the bank is frozen, but after it processed all
+the transactions for the block, a virtual instruction is executed to collect
+the transaction fees.
+
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the leader's account.
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the smallest StakeState::MiningPool
+account.
+
+## Authorizing a Vote Signer

 `VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoter` allows a staker to choose a signing service
 for its votes. That service is responsible for ensuring the vote won't cause
 the staker to be slashed.

-## Limitations
+## Benefits of the design

-Many stakers may delegate their stakes to the same fullnode. The fullnode must
-send a separate vote to each staking account. If there are far more stakers
-than fullnodes, that's a lot of network traffic. An alternative design might
-have fullnodes submit each vote to just one account and then have each staker
-submit that account along with their own to collect its reward.
+* Single vote for all the stakers.
+
+* Clearing of the credit variable is not necessary for claiming rewards.
+
+* Each delegated stake can claim its rewards independently.
+
+* Commission for the work is deposited when a reward is claimed by the delegated
+stake.
+
+This proposal would benefit from the `read-only` accounts proposal to allow for
+many rewards to be claimed concurrently.
+
+## Example Callflow
+
+<img alt="Passive Staking Callflow" src="img/passive-staking-callflow.svg" class="center"/>
--- a/book/src/staking-rewards.md
+++ b/book/src/staking-rewards.md
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Staking Rewards

-Initial Proof of Stake (PoS) (i.e. using in-protocol asset, SOL, to provide
-secure consensus) design ideas outlined here. Solana will implement a proof of
-stake reward/security scheme for node validators in the cluster. The purpose is
+A Proof of Stake (PoS), (i.e. using in-protocol asset, SOL, to provide
+secure consensus) design is outlined here. Solana implements a proof of
+stake reward/security scheme for validator nodes in the cluster. The purpose is
 threefold:

 - Align validator incentives with that of the greater cluster through
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ specific parameters will be necessary:

 Solana's trustless sense of time and ordering provided by its PoH data
 structure, along with its
-[avalanche](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qt_gDRXHrHQ&t=1s) data broadcast
+[turbine](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qt_gDRXHrHQ&t=1s) data broadcast
 and transmission design, should provide sub-second transaction confirmation times that scale
 with the log of the number of nodes in the cluster. This means we shouldn't
 have to restrict the number of validating nodes with a prohibitive 'minimum
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ capital-at-risk to prevent a logical/optimal strategy of multiple chain voting.
 We intend to implement slashing rules which, if broken, result some amount of
 the offending validator's deposited stake to be removed from circulation. Given
 the ordering properties of the PoH data structure, we believe we can simplify
-our slashing rules to the level of a voting lockout time assigned per vote.  
+our slashing rules to the level of a voting lockout time assigned per vote.

 I.e. Each vote has an associated lockout time (PoH duration) that represents a
 duration by any additional vote from that validator must be in a PoH that
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ in a slashable amount as a function of either:
 1. the fraction of validators, out of the total validator pool, that were also
   slashed during the same time period (ala Casper)
 2. the amount of time since the vote was cast (e.g. a linearly increasing % of
-   total deposited as slashable amount over time), or both.  
+   total deposited as slashable amount over time), or both.

 This is an area currently under exploration

--- a/book/src/testing-programs.md
+++ b/book/src/testing-programs.md
@ -15,39 +15,43 @@ reasons:
 * The cluster rolled back the ledger
 * A validator responded to queries maliciously

-### The Transact Trait
+### The AsyncClient and SyncClient Traits

 To troubleshoot, the application should retarget a lower-level component, where
 fewer errors are possible. Retargeting can be done with different
-implementations of the Transact trait.
+implementations of the AsyncClient and SyncClient traits.

-When Futures 0.3.0 is released, the Transact trait may look like this:
+Components implement the following primary methods:

 ```rust,ignore
-trait Transact {
-    async fn send_transactions(txs: &[Transaction]) -> Vec<Result<(), BankError>>;
+trait AsyncClient {
+    fn async_send_transaction(&self, transaction: Transaction) -> io::Result<Signature>;
+}
+
+trait SyncClient {
+    fn get_signature_status(&self, signature: &Signature) -> Result<Option<transaction::Result<()>>>;
 }
 ```

-Users send transactions and asynchrounously await their results.
+Users send transactions and asynchrounously and synchrounously await results.

-#### Transact with Clusters
+#### ThinClient for Clusters

-The highest level implementation targets a Solana cluster, which may be a
-deployed testnet or a local cluster running on a development machine.
+The highest level implementation, ThinClient, targets a Solana cluster, which
+may be a deployed testnet or a local cluster running on a development machine.

-#### Transact with the TPU
+#### TpuClient for the TPU

-The next level is the TPU implementation of Transact. At the TPU level, the
-application sends transactions over Rust channels, where there can be no
-surprises from network queues or dropped packets. The TPU implements all
-"normal" transaction errors. It does signature verification, may report
+The next level is the TPU implementation, which is not yet implemented. At the
+TPU level, the application sends transactions over Rust channels, where there
+can be no surprises from network queues or dropped packets. The TPU implements
+all "normal" transaction errors. It does signature verification, may report
 account-in-use errors, and otherwise results in the ledger, complete with proof
 of history hashes.

 ### Low-level testing

-### Testing with the Bank
+#### BankClient for the Bank

 Below the TPU level is the Bank. The Bank doesn't do signature verification or
 generate a ledger. The Bank is a convenient layer at which to test new on-chain
--- a/book/src/testnet-participation.md
+++ b/book/src/testnet-participation.md
@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+## Testnet Participation
+This document describes how to participate in the testnet as a
+validator node.
+
+Please note some of the information and instructions described here may change
+in future releases.
+
+### Overview
+The testnet features a validator running at testnet.solana.com, which
+serves as the entrypoint to the cluster for your validator.
+
+Additionally there is a blockexplorer available at
+[http://testnet.solana.com/](http://testnet.solana.com/).
+
+The testnet is configured to reset the ledger daily, or sooner
+should the hourly automated cluster sanity test fail.
+
+There is a **#validator-support** Discord channel available to reach other
+testnet participants, [https://discord.gg/pquxPsq](https://discord.gg/pquxPsq).
+
+Also we'd love it if you choose to register your validator node with us at
+[https://forms.gle/LfFscZqJELbuUP139](https://forms.gle/LfFscZqJELbuUP139).
+
+### Machine Requirements
+Since the testnet is not intended for stress testing of max transaction
+throughput, a higher-end machine with a GPU is not necessary to participate.
+
+However ensure the machine used is not behind a residential NAT to avoid NAT
+traversal issues.  A cloud-hosted machine works best.  **Ensure that IP ports
+8000 through 10000 are not blocked for Internet inbound and outbound traffic.**
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available for Linux x86_64 (Ubuntu 18.04 recommended).
+MacOS or WSL users may build from source.
+
+For a performance testnet with many transactions we have some preliminary recommended setups:
+
+| | Low end | Medium end | High end | Notes |
+| --- | ---------|------------|----------| -- |
+| CPU | AMD Threadripper 1900x | AMD Threadripper 2920x | AMD Threadripper 2950x | Consider a 10Gb-capable motherboard with as many PCIe lanes and m.2 slots as possible. |
+| RAM | 16GB | 32GB | 64GB | |
+| OS Drive | Samsung 860 Evo 2TB | Samsung 860 Evo 4TB | Samsung 860 Evo 4TB | Or equivalent SSD |
+| Accounts Drive(s) | None | Samsung 970 Pro 1TB | 2x Samsung 970 Pro 1TB | |
+| GPU | 4x Nvidia 1070 or 2x Nvidia 1080 Ti or 2x Nvidia 2070 | 2x Nvidia 2080 Ti | 4x Nvidia 2080 Ti | Any number of cuda-capable GPUs are supported on Linux platforms. |
+
+#### GPU Requirements
+CUDA is required to make use of the GPU on your system.  The provided Solana
+release binaries are built on Ubuntu 18.04 with <a
+href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive">CUDA Toolkit 10.1
+update 1"</a>.  If your machine is using a different CUDA version then you will
+need to rebuild from source.
+
+#### Confirm The Testnet Is Reachable
+Before attaching a validator node, sanity check that the cluster is accessible
+to your machine by running some simple commands.  If any of the commands fail,
+please retry 5-10 minutes later to confirm the testnet is not just restarting
+itself before debugging further.
+
+Fetch the current transaction count over JSON RPC:
+```bash
+$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}' http://testnet.solana.com:8899
+```
+
+Inspect the blockexplorer at [http://testnet.solana.com/](http://testnet.solana.com/) for activity.
+
+View the [metrics dashboard](
+https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/testnet-beta/testnet-monitor-beta?var-testnet=testnet)
+for more detail on cluster activity.
+
+### Validator Setup
+#### Obtaining The Software
+##### Bootstrap with `solana-install`
+
+The `solana-install` tool can be used to easily install and upgrade the cluster
+software on Linux x86_64 and mac OS systems.
+
+```bash
+$ export SOLANA_RELEASE=v0.16.0  # skip this line to install the latest release
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.16.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh -s
+```
+
+Alternatively build the `solana-install` program from source and run the
+following command to obtain the same result:
+```bash
+$ solana-install init
+```
+
+After a successful install, `solana-install update` may be used to easily update the cluster
+software to a newer version at any time.
+
+##### Download Prebuilt Binaries
+If you would rather not use `solana-install` to manage the install, you can manually download and install the binaries.
+
+###### Linux
+Download the binaries by navigating to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+download **solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2**, then extract the
+archive:
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-release/
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+###### mac OS
+Download the binaries by navigating to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+download **solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2**, then extract the
+archive:
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-release/
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+##### Build From Source
+If you are unable to use the prebuilt binaries or prefer to build it yourself
+from source, navigate to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+and download the **Source Code** archive.  Extract the code and build the
+binaries with:
+```bash
+$ ./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh .
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+If building for CUDA, include the `cuda` feature flag as well:
+```bash
+$ ./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh . cuda
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+### Starting The Validator
+Sanity check that you are able to interact with the cluster by receiving a small
+airdrop of lamports from the testnet drone:
+```bash
+$ solana-wallet airdrop 123
+$ solana-wallet balance
+```
+
+Also try running following command to join the gossip network and view all the other nodes in the cluster:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 spy
+# Press ^C to exit
+```
+
+Now configure a key pair for your validator by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-keygen new -o ~/validator-keypair.json
+```
+
+Then use one of the following commands, depending on your installation
+choice, to start the node:
+
+If this is a `solana-install`-installation:
+```bash
+$ clear-config.sh
+$ validator.sh --identity ~/validator-keypair.json --poll-for-new-genesis-block testnet.solana.com
+```
+
+Alternatively, the `solana-install run` command can be used to run the validator
+node while periodically checking for and applying software updates:
+```bash
+$ clear-config.sh
+$ solana-install run validator.sh -- --identity ~/validator-keypair.json --poll-for-new-genesis-block testnet.solana.com
+```
+
+If you built from source:
+```bash
+$ USE_INSTALL=1 ./multinode-demo/clear-config.sh
+$ USE_INSTALL=1 ./multinode-demo/validator.sh --identity ~/validator-keypair.json --poll-for-new-genesis-block testnet.solana.com
+```
+
+#### Enabling CUDA
+By default CUDA is disabled.  If your machine has a GPU with CUDA installed,
+define the SOLANA_CUDA flag in your environment *before* running any of the
+previusly mentioned commands
+```bash
+$ export SOLANA_CUDA=1
+```
+
+When your validator is started look for the following log message to indicate that CUDA is enabled:
+`"[<timestamp> solana::validator] CUDA is enabled"`
+
+#### Controlling local network port allocation
+By default the validator will dynamically select available network ports in the
+8000-10000 range, and may be overridden with `--dynamic-port-range`.  For
+example, `validator.sh --dynamic-port-range 11000-11010 ...` will restrict the
+validator to ports 11000-11011.
+
+### Validator Monitoring
+When `validator.sh` starts, it will output a validator configuration that looks
+similar to:
+```bash
+======================[ validator configuration ]======================
+identity pubkey: 4ceWXsL3UJvn7NYZiRkw7NsryMpviaKBDYr8GK7J61Dm
+vote pubkey: 2ozWvfaXQd1X6uKh8jERoRGApDqSqcEy6fF1oN13LL2G
+ledger: ...
+accounts: ...
+======================================================================
+```
+
+The **identity pubkey** for your validator can also be found by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-keygen pubkey ~/validator-keypair.json
+```
+
+From another console, confirm the IP address and **identity pubkey** of your validator is visible in the
+gossip network by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 spy
+```
+
+Provide the **vote pubkey** to the `solana-wallet show-vote-account` command to view
+the recent voting activity from your validator:
+```bash
+$ solana-wallet show-vote-account 2ozWvfaXQd1X6uKh8jERoRGApDqSqcEy6fF1oN13LL2G
+```
+
+The vote pubkey for the validator can also be found by running:
+```bash
+# If this is a `solana-install`-installation run:
+$ solana-keygen pubkey ~/.local/share/solana/install/active_release/config-local/validator-vote-keypair.json
+# Otherwise run:
+$ solana-keygen pubkey ./config-local/validator-vote-keypair.json
+```
+
+
+#### Validator Metrics
+Metrics are available for local monitoring of your validator.
+
+Docker must be installed and the current user added to the docker group.  Then
+download `solana-metrics.tar.bz2` from the Github Release and run
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-metrics.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-metrics/
+$ ./start.sh
+```
+
+A local InfluxDB and Grafana instance is now running on your machine.  Define
+`SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG` in your environment as described at the end of the
+`start.sh` output and restart your validator.
+
+Metrics should now be streaming and visible from your local Grafana dashboard.
--- a/book/src/testnet-replicator.md
+++ b/book/src/testnet-replicator.md
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+## Testnet Replicator
+This document describes how to setup a replicator in the testnet
+
+Please note some of the information and instructions described here may change
+in future releases.
+
+### Overview
+Replicators are specialized light clients. They download a part of the
+ledger (a.k.a Segment) and store it. They earn rewards for storing segments.
+
+The testnet features a validator running at testnet.solana.com, which
+serves as the entrypoint to the cluster for your replicator node.
+
+Additionally there is a blockexplorer available at
+[http://testnet.solana.com/](http://testnet.solana.com/).
+
+The testnet is configured to reset the ledger daily, or sooner
+should the hourly automated cluster sanity test fail.
+
+### Machine Requirements
+Replicators don't need specialized hardware. Anything with more than
+128GB of disk space will be able to participate in the cluster as a replicator node.
+
+Currently the disk space requirements are very low but we expect them to change
+in the future.
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available for Linux x86_64 (Ubuntu 18.04 recommended),
+macOS, and Windows.
+
+#### Confirm The Testnet Is Reachable
+Before starting a replicator node, sanity check that the cluster is accessible
+to your machine by running some simple commands.  If any of the commands fail,
+please retry 5-10 minutes later to confirm the testnet is not just restarting
+itself before debugging further.
+
+Fetch the current transaction count over JSON RPC:
+```bash
+$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}' http://testnet.solana.com:8899
+```
+
+Inspect the blockexplorer at [http://testnet.solana.com/](http://testnet.solana.com/) for activity.
+
+View the [metrics dashboard](
+https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/testnet-beta/testnet-monitor-beta?var-testnet=testnet)
+for more detail on cluster activity.
+
+### Replicator Setup
+##### Obtaining The Software
+##### Bootstrap with `solana-install`
+
+The `solana-install` tool can be used to easily install and upgrade the cluster
+software.
+
+##### Linux and mac OS
+```bash
+$ export SOLANA_RELEASE=v0.16.0  # skip this line to install the latest release
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.16.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh -s
+```
+
+Alternatively build the `solana-install` program from source and run the
+following command to obtain the same result:
+```bash
+$ solana-install init
+```
+
+##### Windows
+Download and install **solana-install-init** from
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest)
+
+After a successful install, `solana-install update` may be used to
+easily update the software to a newer version at any time.
+
+##### Download Prebuilt Binaries
+If you would rather not use `solana-install` to manage the install, you can manually download and install the binaries.
+
+##### Linux
+Download the binaries by navigating to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+download **solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2**, then extract the
+archive:
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-release/
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+##### mac OS
+Download the binaries by navigating to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+download **solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2**, then extract the
+archive:
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-release/
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+##### Windows
+Download the binaries by navigating to
+[https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest),
+download **solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2**, then extract it into a folder.
+It is a good idea to add this extracted folder to your windows PATH.
+
+### Starting The Replicator
+Try running following command to join the gossip network and view all the other nodes in the cluster:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 spy
+# Press ^C to exit
+```
+
+Now configure the keypairs for your replicator by running:
+
+Navigate to the solana install location and open a cmd prompt
+```bash
+$ solana-keygen new -o replicator-keypair.json
+$ solana-keygen new -o storage-keypair.json
+```
+
+Use solana-keygen to show the public keys for each of the keypairs,
+they will be needed in the next step:
+- Windows
+```bash
+# The replicator's identity
+$ solana-keygen pubkey replicator-keypair.json
+$ solana-keygen pubkey storage-keypair.json
+```
+- Linux and mac OS
+```bash
+$ export REPLICATOR_IDENTITY=$(solana-keygen pubkey replicator-keypair.json)
+$ export STORAGE_IDENTITY=$(solana-keygen pubkey storage-keypair.json)
+
+```
+Then set up the storage accounts for your replicator by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-wallet --keypair replicator-keypair.json airdrop 100000
+$ solana-wallet --keypair replicator-keypair.json create-replicator-storage-account $REPLICATOR_IDENTITY $STORAGE_IDENTITY
+```
+Note: Every time the testnet restarts, run the wallet steps to setup the replicator accounts again.
+
+To start the replicator:
+```bash
+$ solana-replicator --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 --identity replicator-keypair.json --storage-keypair storage-keypair.json --ledger replicator-ledger
+```
+
+### Verify Replicator Setup
+From another console, confirm the IP address and **identity pubkey** of your replicator is visible in the
+gossip network by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 spy
+```
+
+Provide the **storage account pubkey** to the `solana-wallet show-storage-account` command to view
+the recent mining activity from your replicator:
+```bash
+$ solana-wallet --keypair storage-keypair.json show-storage-account $STORAGE_IDENTITY
+```
--- a/book/src/transaction-fees.md
+++ b/book/src/transaction-fees.md
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Deterministic Transaction Fees
+
+Transactions currently include a fee field that indicates the maximum fee field
+a slot leader is permitted to charge to process a transaction. The cluster, on
+the other hand, agrees on a minimum fee. If the network is congested, the slot
+leader may prioritize the transactions offering higher fees. That means the
+client won't know how much was collected until the transaction is confirmed by
+the cluster and the remaining balance is checked. It smells of exactly what we
+dislike about Ethereum's "gas", non-determinism.
+
+### Congestion-driven fees
+
+Each validator uses *signatures per slot* (SPS) to estimate network congestion
+and *SPS target* to estimate the desired processing capacity of the cluster.
+The validator learns the SPS target from the genesis block, whereas it
+calculates SPS from recently processed transactions.  The genesis block also
+defines a target `lamports_per_signature`, which is the fee to charge per
+signature when the cluster is operating at *SPS target*.
+
+### Calculating fees
+
+The client uses the JSON RPC API to query the cluster for the current fee
+parameters.  Those parameters are tagged with a blockhash and remain valid
+until that blockhash is old enough to be rejected by the slot leader.
+
+Before sending a transaction to the cluster, a client may submit the
+transaction and fee account data to an SDK module called the *fee calculator*.
+So long as the client's SDK version matches the slot leader's version, the
+client is assured that its account will be changed exactly the same number of
+lamports as returned by the fee calculator.
+
+### Fee Parameters
+
+In the first implementation of this design, the only fee parameter is
+`lamports_per_signature`. The more signatures the cluster needs to verify, the
+higher the fee. The exact number of lamports is determined by the ratio of SPS
+to the SPS target. At the end of each slot, the cluster lowers
+`lamports_per_signature` when SPS is below the target and raises it when above
+the target.  The minimum value for `lamports_per_signature` is 50% of the target
+`lamports_per_signature` and the maximum value is 10x the target
+`lamports_per_signature'
+
+Future parameters might include:
+
+* `lamports_per_pubkey` - cost to load an account
+* `lamports_per_slot_distance` - higher cost to load very old accounts
+* `lamports_per_byte` - cost per size of account loaded
+* `lamports_per_bpf_instruction` - cost to run a program
+
+### Attacks
+
+#### Hijacking the SPS Target
+
+A group of validators can centralize the cluster if they can convince it to
+raise the SPS Target above a point where the rest of the validators can keep
+up. Raising the target will cause fees to drop, presumably creating more demand
+and therefore higher TPS. If the validator doesn't have hardware that can
+process that many transactions that fast, its confirmation votes will
+eventually get so long that the cluster will be forced to boot it.
--- a/book/src/turbine-block-propagation.md
+++ b/book/src/turbine-block-propagation.md
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Turbine Block Propagation
+
+A Solana cluster uses a multi-layer block propagation mechanism called *Turbine*
+to broadcast transaction blobs to all nodes with minimal amount of duplicate
+messages.  The cluster divides itself into small collections of nodes, called
+*neighborhoods*. Each node is responsible for sharing any data it receives with
+the other nodes in its neighborhood, as well as propagating the data on to a
+small set of nodes in other neighborhoods.  This way each node only has to
+communicate with a small number of nodes.
+
+During its slot, the leader node distributes blobs between the validator nodes
+in the first neighborhood (layer 0). Each validator shares its data within its
+neighborhood, but also retransmits the blobs to one node in some neighborhoods
+in the next layer (layer 1). The layer-1 nodes each share their data with their 
+neighborhood peers, and retransmit to nodes in the next layer, etc, until all
+nodes in the cluster have received all the blobs.
+
+## Neighborhood Assignment - Weighted Selection
+
+In order for data plane fanout to work, the entire cluster must agree on how the
+cluster is divided into neighborhoods. To achieve this, all the recognized
+validator nodes (the TVU peers) are sorted by stake and stored in a list. This
+list is then indexed in different ways to figure out neighborhood boundaries and
+retransmit peers. For example, the leader will simply select the first nodes to
+make up layer 0. These will automatically be the highest stake holders, allowing
+the heaviest votes to come back to the leader first. Layer-0 and lower-layer
+nodes use the same logic to find their neighbors and next layer peers.
+
+To reduce the possibility of attack vectors, each blob is transmitted over a
+random tree of neighborhoods.  Each node uses the same set of nodes representing
+the cluster.  A random tree is generated from the set for each blob using
+randomness derived from the blob itself.  Since the random seed is not known in
+advance, attacks that try to eclipse neighborhoods from certain leaders or
+blocks become very difficult, and should require almost complete control of the
+stake in the cluster.
+
+## Layer and Neighborhood Structure
+
+The current leader makes its initial broadcasts to at most `DATA_PLANE_FANOUT`
+nodes. If this layer 0 is smaller than the number of nodes in the cluster, then
+the data plane fanout mechanism adds layers below. Subsequent layers follow
+these constraints to determine layer-capacity: Each neighborhood contains
+`DATA_PLANE_FANOUT` nodes. Layer-0 starts with 1 neighborhood with fanout nodes.
+The number of nodes in each additional layer grows by a factor of fanout.
+
+As mentioned above, each node in a layer only has to broadcast its blobs to its
+neighbors and to exactly 1 node in some next-layer neighborhoods, 
+instead of to every TVU peer in the cluster. A good way to think about this is, 
+layer-0 starts with 1 neighborhood with fanout nodes, layer-1 adds "fanout" 
+neighborhoods, each with fanout nodes and layer-2 will have 
+`fanout * number of nodes in layer-1` and so on.
+
+This way each node only has to communicate with a maximum of `2 * DATA_PLANE_FANOUT - 1` nodes.
+
+The following diagram shows how the Leader sends blobs with a Fanout of 2 to 
+Neighborhood 0 in Layer 0 and how the nodes in Neighborhood 0 share their data
+with each other.
+
+<img alt="Leader sends blobs to Neighborhood 0 in Layer 0" src="img/data-plane-seeding.svg" class="center"/>
+
+The following diagram shows how Neighborhood 0 fans out to Neighborhoods 1 and 2.
+
+<img alt="Neighborhood 0 Fanout to Neighborhood 1 and 2" src="img/data-plane-fanout.svg" class="center"/>
+
+Finally, the following diagram shows a two layer cluster with a Fanout of 2.
+
+<img alt="Two layer cluster with a Fanout of 2" src="img/data-plane.svg" class="center"/>
+
+#### Configuration Values
+
+`DATA_PLANE_FANOUT` - Determines the size of layer 0. Subsequent
+layers grow by a factor of `DATA_PLANE_FANOUT`.
+The number of nodes in a neighborhood is equal to the fanout value.
+Neighborhoods will fill to capacity before new ones are added, i.e if a
+neighborhood isn't full, it _must_ be the last one.
+
+Currently, configuration is set when the cluster is launched. In the future,
+these parameters may be hosted on-chain, allowing modification on the fly as the
+cluster sizes change.
+
+## Neighborhoods
+
+The following diagram shows how two neighborhoods in different layers interact.
+To cripple a neighborhood, enough nodes (erasure codes +1) from the neighborhood 
+above need to fail. Since each neighborhood receives blobs from multiple nodes 
+in a neighborhood in the upper layer, we'd need a big network failure in the upper 
+layers to end up with incomplete data.
+
+<img alt="Inner workings of a neighborhood"
+src="img/data-plane-neighborhood.svg" class="center"/>
--- a/book/src/validator-proposal.md
+++ b/book/src/validator-proposal.md
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Anatomy of a Validator
+
+## History
+
+When we first started Solana, the goal was to de-risk our TPS claims. We knew
+that between optimistic concurrency control and sufficiently long leader slots,
+that PoS consensus was not the biggest risk to TPS. It was GPU-based signature
+verification, software pipelining and concurrent banking. Thus, the TPU was
+born. After topping 100k TPS, we split the team into one group working toward
+710k TPS and another to flesh out the validator pipeline. Hence, the TVU was
+born. The current architecture is a consequence of incremental development with
+that ordering and project priorities. It is not a reflection of what we ever
+believed was the most technically elegant cross-section of those technologies.
+In the context of leader rotation, the strong distinction between leading and
+validating is blurred.
+
+## Difference between validating and leading
+
+The fundamental difference between the pipelines is when the PoH is present. In
+a leader, we process transactions, removing bad ones, and then tag the result
+with a PoH hash. In the validator, we verify that hash, peel it off, and
+process the transactions in exactly the same way. The only difference is that
+if a validator sees a bad transaction, it can't simply remove it like the
+leader does, because that would cause the PoH hash to change.  Instead, it
+rejects the whole block. The other difference between the pipelines is what
+happens *after* banking. The leader broadcasts entries to downstream validators
+whereas the validator will have already done that in RetransmitStage, which is
+a confirmation time optimization.  The validation pipeline, on the other hand,
+has one last step. Any time it finishes processing a block, it needs to weigh
+any forks it's observing, possibly cast a vote, and if so, reset its PoH hash
+to the block hash it just voted on.
+
+## Proposed Design
+
+We unwrap the many abstraction layers and build a single pipeline that can
+toggle leader mode on whenever the validator's ID shows up in the leader
+schedule.
+
+<img alt="Validator block diagram" src="img/validator-proposal.svg" class="center"/>
+
+## Notable changes
+
+* No threads are shut down to switch out of leader mode. Instead, FetchStage
+  should forward transactions to the next leader.
+* Hoist FetchStage and BroadcastStage out of TPU
+* Blocktree renamed to Blockstore
+* BankForks renamed to Banktree
+* TPU moves to new socket-free crate called solana-tpu.
+* TPU's BankingStage absorbs ReplayStage
+* TVU goes away
+* New RepairStage absorbs Blob Fetch Stage and repair requests
+* JSON RPC Service is optional - used for debugging. It should instead be part
+  of a separate `solana-blockstreamer` executable.
+* New MulticastStage absorbs retransmit part of RetransmitStage
+* MulticastStage downstream of Blockstore
+
--- a/book/src/validator.md
+++ b/book/src/validator.md
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# Anatomy of a Fullnode
+# Anatomy of a Validator

-<img alt="Fullnode block diagrams" src="img/fullnode.svg" class="center"/>
+<img alt="Validator block diagrams" src="img/validator.svg" class="center"/>

 ## Pipelining

-The fullnodes make extensive use of an optimization common in CPU design,
+The validators make extensive use of an optimization common in CPU design,
 called *pipelining*.  Pipelining is the right tool for the job when there's a
 stream of input data that needs to be processed by a sequence of steps, and
 there's different hardware responsible for each. The quintessential example is
@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ dryer and the first is being folded. In this way, one can make progress on
 three loads of laundry simultaneously. Given infinite loads, the pipeline will
 consistently complete a load at the rate of the slowest stage in the pipeline.

-## Pipelining in the Fullnode
+## Pipelining in the Validator

-The fullnode contains two pipelined processes, one used in leader mode called
+The validator contains two pipelined processes, one used in leader mode called
 the TPU and one used in validator mode called the TVU. In both cases, the
 hardware being pipelined is the same, the network input, the GPU cards, the CPU
 cores, writes to disk, and the network output.  What it does with that hardware
--- a/book/src/wallet.md
+++ b/book/src/wallet.md
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ $ solana-wallet balance
 $ solana-wallet confirm <TX_SIGNATURE>

 // Return
-"Confirmed" / "Not found"
+"Confirmed" / "Not found" / "Transaction failed with error <ERR>"
 ```

 #### Deploy program
@ -284,6 +284,18 @@ ARGS:
    <PATH>    /path/to/program.o
 ```

+```manpage
+solana-wallet-fees
+Display current cluster fees
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-wallet fees
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+```
+
 ```manpage
 solana-wallet-get-transaction-count
 Get current transaction count
@ -352,4 +364,3 @@ ARGS:
    <PUBKEY>        The pubkey of recipient
    <PROCESS_ID>    The process id of the transfer to unlock
 ```
-
--- a/book/theme/css/chrome.css
+++ b/book/theme/css/chrome.css
@ -521,4 +521,4 @@ ul#searchresults span.teaser em {
 }
 .content pre {
    padding: 0 28px;
-}
+}
--- a/book/theme/css/general.css
+++ b/book/theme/css/general.css
@ -152,4 +152,4 @@ blockquote {
 *:active,
 *:hover {
  outline: none;
-}
+}
--- a/book/theme/highlight.js
+++ b/book/theme/highlight.js
--- a/build-perf-libs.sh
+++ b/build-perf-libs.sh
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# Builds perf-libs from the upstream source and installs them into the correct
-# location in the tree
-#
-set -e
-cd "$(dirname "$0")"
-
-if [[ -d target/perf-libs ]]; then
-  echo "target/perf-libs/ already exists, to continue run:"
-  echo "$ rm -rf target/perf-libs"
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-set -x
-git clone git@github.com:solana-labs/solana-perf-libs.git target/perf-libs
-cd target/perf-libs
-make -j"$(nproc)"
-make DESTDIR=. install
--- a/chacha-sys/.gitignore
+++ b/chacha-sys/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target/
--- a/chacha-sys/Cargo.toml
+++ b/chacha-sys/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "solana-chacha-sys"
+version = "0.16.0"
+description = "Solana chacha-sys"
+authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
+homepage = "https://solana.com/"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cc = "1.0.37"
--- a/chacha-sys/build.rs
+++ b/chacha-sys/build.rs
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+extern crate cc;
+
+fn main() {
+    cc::Build::new()
+        .file("cpu-crypt/chacha20_core.c")
+        .file("cpu-crypt/chacha_cbc.c")
+        .compile("libcpu-crypt");
+}
--- a/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/.gitignore
+++ b/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+release/
--- a/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/Makefile
+++ b/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/Makefile
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+V:=debug
+
+LIB:=cpu-crypt
+
+CFLAGS_common:=-Wall -Werror -pedantic -fPIC
+CFLAGS_release:=-march=native -O3 $(CFLAGS_common)
+CFLAGS_debug:=-g $(CFLAGS_common)
+CFLAGS:=$(CFLAGS_$V)
+
+all: $V/lib$(LIB).a
+
+$V/chacha20_core.o: chacha20_core.c chacha.h
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$V/chacha_cbc.o: chacha_cbc.c chacha.h
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+$V/lib$(LIB).a: $V/chacha20_core.o $V/chacha_cbc.o
+	$(AR) rcs $@ $^
+
+.PHONY:clean
+clean:
+	rm -rf $V
--- a/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha.h
+++ b/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha.h
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef HEADER_CHACHA_H
+# define HEADER_CHACHA_H
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+# include <stddef.h>
+# ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+# endif
+
+typedef unsigned int u32;
+
+#define CHACHA_KEY_SIZE 32
+#define CHACHA_NONCE_SIZE 12
+#define CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE 64
+#define CHACHA_ROUNDS 500
+
+void chacha20_encrypt(const u32 input[16],
+                      unsigned char output[64],
+                      int num_rounds);
+
+void chacha20_encrypt_ctr(const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t in_len,
+                          const uint8_t key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE], const uint8_t nonce[CHACHA_NONCE_SIZE],
+                          uint32_t counter);
+
+void chacha20_cbc128_encrypt(const unsigned char* in, unsigned char* out,
+                             uint32_t len, const uint8_t* key,
+                             unsigned char* ivec);
+
+
+# ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+# endif
+
+#endif
--- a/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha20_core.c
+++ b/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha20_core.c
@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "chacha.h"
+
+#define ROTL32(v, n) (((v) << (n)) | ((v) >> (32 - (n))))
+
+#define ROTATE(v, c) ROTL32((v), (c))
+
+#define XOR(v, w) ((v) ^ (w))
+
+#define PLUS(x, y) ((x) + (y))
+
+#define U32TO8_LITTLE(p, v) \
+{ (p)[0] = ((v)      ) & 0xff; (p)[1] = ((v) >>  8) & 0xff; \
+  (p)[2] = ((v) >> 16) & 0xff; (p)[3] = ((v) >> 24) & 0xff; }
+
+#define U8TO32_LITTLE(p)   \
+     (((u32)((p)[0])      ) | ((u32)((p)[1]) <<  8) | \
+      ((u32)((p)[2]) << 16) | ((u32)((p)[3]) << 24)   )
+
+#define QUARTERROUND(a,b,c,d) \
+  x[a] = PLUS(x[a],x[b]); x[d] = ROTATE(XOR(x[d],x[a]),16); \
+  x[c] = PLUS(x[c],x[d]); x[b] = ROTATE(XOR(x[b],x[c]),12); \
+  x[a] = PLUS(x[a],x[b]); x[d] = ROTATE(XOR(x[d],x[a]), 8); \
+  x[c] = PLUS(x[c],x[d]); x[b] = ROTATE(XOR(x[b],x[c]), 7);
+
+// sigma contains the ChaCha constants, which happen to be an ASCII string.
+static const uint8_t sigma[16] = { 'e', 'x', 'p', 'a', 'n', 'd', ' ', '3',
+                                   '2', '-', 'b', 'y', 't', 'e', ' ', 'k' };
+
+void chacha20_encrypt(const u32 input[16],
+                      unsigned char output[64],
+                      int num_rounds)
+{
+    u32 x[16];
+    int i;
+    memcpy(x, input, sizeof(u32) * 16);
+    for (i = num_rounds; i > 0; i -= 2) {
+        QUARTERROUND( 0, 4, 8,12)
+        QUARTERROUND( 1, 5, 9,13)
+        QUARTERROUND( 2, 6,10,14)
+        QUARTERROUND( 3, 7,11,15)
+        QUARTERROUND( 0, 5,10,15)
+        QUARTERROUND( 1, 6,11,12)
+        QUARTERROUND( 2, 7, 8,13)
+        QUARTERROUND( 3, 4, 9,14)
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+        x[i] = PLUS(x[i], input[i]);
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+        U32TO8_LITTLE(output + 4 * i, x[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+void chacha20_encrypt_ctr(const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t in_len,
+                          const uint8_t key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE],
+                          const uint8_t nonce[CHACHA_NONCE_SIZE],
+                          uint32_t counter)
+{
+  uint32_t input[16];
+  uint8_t buf[64];
+  size_t todo, i;
+
+  input[0] = U8TO32_LITTLE(sigma + 0);
+  input[1] = U8TO32_LITTLE(sigma + 4);
+  input[2] = U8TO32_LITTLE(sigma + 8);
+  input[3] = U8TO32_LITTLE(sigma + 12);
+
+  input[4] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 0);
+  input[5] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 4);
+  input[6] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 8);
+  input[7] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 12);
+
+  input[8] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 16);
+  input[9] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 20);
+  input[10] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 24);
+  input[11] = U8TO32_LITTLE(key + 28);
+
+  input[12] = counter;
+  input[13] = U8TO32_LITTLE(nonce + 0);
+  input[14] = U8TO32_LITTLE(nonce + 4);
+  input[15] = U8TO32_LITTLE(nonce + 8);
+
+  while (in_len > 0) {
+    todo = sizeof(buf);
+    if (in_len < todo) {
+      todo = in_len;
+    }
+
+    chacha20_encrypt(input, buf, 20);
+    for (i = 0; i < todo; i++) {
+      out[i] = in[i] ^ buf[i];
+    }
+
+    out += todo;
+    in += todo;
+    in_len -= todo;
+
+    input[12]++;
+  }
+}
+
+
--- a/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha_cbc.c
+++ b/chacha-sys/cpu-crypt/chacha_cbc.c
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "chacha.h"
+
+#if !defined(STRICT_ALIGNMENT) && !defined(PEDANTIC)
+# define STRICT_ALIGNMENT 0
+#endif
+
+void chacha20_cbc128_encrypt(const unsigned char* in, unsigned char* out,
+                             uint32_t len, const uint8_t* key,
+                             unsigned char* ivec)
+{
+    size_t n;
+    unsigned char *iv = ivec;
+    (void)key;
+
+    if (len == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_SMALL_FOOTPRINT)
+    if (STRICT_ALIGNMENT &&
+        ((size_t)in | (size_t)out | (size_t)ivec) % sizeof(size_t) != 0) {
+        while (len >= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            for (n = 0; n < CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE; ++n) {
+                out[n] = in[n] ^ iv[n];
+                //printf("%x ", out[n]);
+            }
+            chacha20_encrypt((const u32*)out, out, CHACHA_ROUNDS);
+            iv = out;
+            len -= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            in += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            out += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        while (len >= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            for (n = 0; n < CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE; n += sizeof(size_t)) {
+                *(size_t *)(out + n) =
+                    *(size_t *)(in + n) ^ *(size_t *)(iv + n);
+                //printf("%zu ", *(size_t *)(iv + n));
+            }
+            chacha20_encrypt((const u32*)out, out, CHACHA_ROUNDS);
+            iv = out;
+            len -= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            in += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+            out += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    while (len) {
+        for (n = 0; n < CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE && n < len; ++n) {
+            out[n] = in[n] ^ iv[n];
+        }
+        for (; n < CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE; ++n) {
+            out[n] = iv[n];
+        }
+        chacha20_encrypt((const u32*)out, out, CHACHA_ROUNDS);
+        iv = out;
+        if (len <= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            break;
+        }
+        len -= CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        in += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        out += CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    }
+    memcpy(ivec, iv, CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+}
+
+void chacha20_cbc_encrypt(const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t in_len,
+                          const uint8_t key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE], uint8_t* ivec)
+{
+    chacha20_cbc128_encrypt(in, out, in_len, key, ivec);
+}
--- a/chacha-sys/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chacha-sys/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+extern "C" {
+    fn chacha20_cbc_encrypt(
+        input: *const u8,
+        output: *mut u8,
+        in_len: usize,
+        key: *const u8,
+        ivec: *mut u8,
+    );
+}
+
+pub fn chacha_cbc_encrypt(input: &[u8], output: &mut [u8], key: &[u8], ivec: &mut [u8]) {
+    unsafe {
+        chacha20_cbc_encrypt(
+            input.as_ptr(),
+            output.as_mut_ptr(),
+            input.len(),
+            key.as_ptr(),
+            ivec.as_mut_ptr(),
+        );
+    }
+}
--- a/ci/affects-files.sh
+++ b/ci/affects-files.sh
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 set -e
 cd "$(dirname "$0")"/..

-if ci/is-pr.sh; then
+if [[ -n $CI_PULL_REQUEST ]]; then
  affectedFiles="$(buildkite-agent meta-data get affected_files)"
  echo "Affected files in this PR: $affectedFiles"

--- a/ci/audit.sh
+++ b/ci/audit.sh
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# Audits project dependencies for security vulnerabilities
-#
-set -e
-
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-source ci/_
-
-cargo_install_unless() {
-  declare crate=$1
-  shift
-
-  "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1 || \
-    _ cargo install "$crate"
-}
-
-cargo_install_unless cargo-audit cargo audit --version
-
-_ cargo audit
--- a/ci/buildkite.yml
+++ b/ci/buildkite.yml
@ -2,24 +2,26 @@ steps:
  - command: "ci/shellcheck.sh"
    name: "shellcheck"
    timeout_in_minutes: 5
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust:1.32.0 ci/test-checks.sh"
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_nightly_docker_image ci/test-checks.sh"
    name: "checks"
    timeout_in_minutes: 15
  - wait
  - command: "ci/test-stable-perf.sh"
    name: "stable-perf"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
+    timeout_in_minutes: 30
+    artifact_paths: "log-*.txt"
    agents:
      - "queue=cuda"
  - command: "ci/test-bench.sh"
    name: "bench"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust:1.32.0 ci/test-stable.sh"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 60
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_stable_docker_image ci/test-stable.sh"
    name: "stable"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust-nightly:2019-01-31 ci/test-coverage.sh"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 40
+    artifact_paths: "log-*.txt"
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_nightly_docker_image ci/test-coverage.sh"
    name: "coverage"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
+    timeout_in_minutes: 40
  # TODO: Fix and re-enable test-large-network.sh
  # - command: "ci/test-large-network.sh || true"
  #   name: "large-network [ignored]"
--- a/ci/channel-info.sh
+++ b/ci/channel-info.sh
@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ BETA_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG=${beta_tag:+v$beta_tag}
 STABLE_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG=${stable_tag:+v$stable_tag}


-if [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$STABLE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
+if [[ $CI_BRANCH = "$STABLE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
  CHANNEL=stable
-elif [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$EDGE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
+elif [[ $CI_BRANCH = "$EDGE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
  CHANNEL=edge
-elif [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$BETA_CHANNEL" ]]; then
+elif [[ $CI_BRANCH = "$BETA_CHANNEL" ]]; then
  CHANNEL=beta
 fi

--- a/ci/crate-version.sh
+++ b/ci/crate-version.sh
@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Outputs the current crate version
+# Outputs the current crate version from a given Cargo.toml
 #
 set -e

-cd "$(dirname "$0")"/..
+Cargo_toml=$1
+[[ -n $Cargo_toml ]] || {
+  echo "Usage: $0 path/to/Cargo.toml"
+  exit 0
+}
+
+[[ -r $Cargo_toml ]] || {
+  echo "Error: unable to read $Cargo_toml"
+  exit 1
+}

 while read -r name equals value _; do
  if [[ $name = version && $equals = = ]]; then
    echo "${value//\"/}"
    exit 0
  fi
-done < <(cat Cargo.toml)
+done < <(cat "$Cargo_toml")

 echo Unable to locate version in Cargo.toml 1>&2
 exit 1
--- a/ci/docker-run.sh
+++ b/ci/docker-run.sh
@ -64,11 +64,14 @@ fi
 ARGS+=(
  --env BUILDKITE
  --env BUILDKITE_AGENT_ACCESS_TOKEN
-  --env BUILDKITE_BRANCH
-  --env BUILDKITE_COMMIT
  --env BUILDKITE_JOB_ID
-  --env BUILDKITE_TAG
  --env CI
+  --env CI_BRANCH
+  --env CI_BUILD_ID
+  --env CI_COMMIT
+  --env CI_JOB_ID
+  --env CI_PULL_REQUEST
+  --env CI_REPO_SLUG
  --env CODECOV_TOKEN
  --env CRATES_IO_TOKEN
 )
--- a/ci/docker-rust-nightly/Dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker-rust-nightly/Dockerfile
@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ ARG date

 RUN set -x \
 && rustup install nightly-$date \
- && rustup show \
- && mv /usr/local/rustup/toolchains/nightly-$date-* \
-       /usr/local/rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
+ && rustup component add clippy --toolchain=nightly-$date \
 && rustup show \
 && rustc --version \
 && cargo --version \
- && rustc +nightly --version \
- && cargo +nightly --version
-
+ && cargo install grcov \
+ && rustc +nightly-$date --version \
+ && cargo +nightly-$date --version
--- a/ci/docker-rust-nightly/README.md
+++ b/ci/docker-rust-nightly/README.md
@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ To update the pinned version:
 1. Run `ci/docker-rust-nightly/build.sh` to rebuild the nightly image locally,
   or potentially `ci/docker-rust-nightly/build.sh YYYY-MM-DD` if there's a
   specific YYYY-MM-DD that is desired (default is today's build).
+1. Update `ci/rust-version.sh` to reflect the new nightly `YYY-MM-DD`
 1. Run `SOLANA_DOCKER_RUN_NOSETUID=1 ci/docker-run.sh --nopull solanalabs/rust-nightly:YYYY-MM-DD ci/test-coverage.sh`
   to confirm the new nightly image builds.  Fix any issues as needed
 1. Run `docker login` to enable pushing images to Docker Hub, if you're authorized.
 1. Run `CI=true ci/docker-rust-nightly/build.sh YYYY-MM-DD` to push the new nightly image to dockerhub.com.
-1. Modify the `solanalabs/rust-nightly:YYYY-MM-DD` reference in `ci/buildkite.yml` from the previous to
-   new *YYYY-MM-DD* value, send a PR with this change and any codebase adjustments needed.
+1. Send a PR with the `ci/rust-version.sh` change and any codebase adjustments needed.

 ## Troubleshooting

--- a/ci/docker-rust/Dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker-rust/Dockerfile
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Note: when the rust version is changed also modify
-# ci/buildkite.yml to pick up the new image tag
-FROM rust:1.32.0
+# ci/rust-version.sh to pick up the new image tag
+FROM rust:1.35.0

 RUN set -x \
 && apt update \
@ -17,12 +17,15 @@ RUN set -x \
      lcov \
      libclang-common-7-dev \
      llvm-7 \
+      mscgen \
      rsync \
      sudo \
      \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
 && rustup component add rustfmt \
 && rustup component add clippy \
- && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+ && cargo install cargo-audit \
+ && cargo install svgbob_cli \
+ && cargo install mdbook \
 && rustc --version \
 && cargo --version
-
--- a/ci/docker-rust/README.md
+++ b/ci/docker-rust/README.md
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 Docker image containing rust and some preinstalled packages used in CI.

-This image may be manually updated by running `./build.sh` if you are a member
-of the [Solana Labs](https://hub.docker.com/u/solanalabs/) Docker Hub
-organization, but it is also automatically updated periodically by
-[this automation](https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/solana-ci-docker-rust).
+This image manually maintained:
+1. Edit `Dockerfile` to match the desired rust version
+2. Run `./build.sh` to publish the new image, if you are a member of the [Solana
+   Labs](https://hub.docker.com/u/solanalabs/) Docker Hub organization.
+
--- a/ci/docker-rust/build.sh
+++ b/ci/docker-rust/build.sh
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ docker build -t solanalabs/rust .
 read -r rustc version _ < <(docker run solanalabs/rust rustc --version)
 [[ $rustc = rustc ]]
 docker tag solanalabs/rust:latest solanalabs/rust:"$version"
-
-docker push solanalabs/rust
+docker push solanalabs/rust:"$version"
+docker push solanalabs/rust:latest
--- a/ci/env.sh
+++ b/ci/env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#
+# Normalized CI environment variables
+#
+# |source| me
+#
+
+if [[ -n $CI ]]; then
+  export CI=1
+  if [[ -n $TRAVIS ]]; then
+    export CI_BRANCH=$TRAVIS_BRANCH
+    export CI_BUILD_ID=$TRAVIS_BUILD_ID
+    export CI_COMMIT=$TRAVIS_COMMIT
+    export CI_JOB_ID=$TRAVIS_JOB_ID
+    if $TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST; then
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=true
+    else
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=
+    fi
+    export CI_OS_NAME=$TRAVIS_OS_NAME
+    export CI_REPO_SLUG=$TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG
+    export CI_TAG=$TRAVIS_TAG
+  elif [[ -n $BUILDKITE ]]; then
+    export CI_BRANCH=$BUILDKITE_BRANCH
+    export CI_BUILD_ID=$BUILDKITE_BUILD_ID
+    export CI_COMMIT=$BUILDKITE_COMMIT
+    export CI_JOB_ID=$BUILDKITE_JOB_ID
+    # The standard BUILDKITE_PULL_REQUEST environment variable is always "false" due
+    # to how solana-ci-gate is used to trigger PR builds rather than using the
+    # standard Buildkite PR trigger.
+    if [[ $CI_BRANCH =~ pull/* ]]; then
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=true
+    else
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=
+    fi
+    export CI_OS_NAME=linux
+    export CI_REPO_SLUG=$BUILDKITE_ORGANIZATION_SLUG/$BUILDKITE_PIPELINE_SLUG
+    # TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG is a workaround to propagate BUILDKITE_TAG into
+    # the solana-secondary builder
+    if [[ -n $TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG ]]; then
+      export CI_TAG=$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG
+    else
+      export CI_TAG=$BUILDKITE_TAG
+    fi
+  elif [[ -n $APPVEYOR ]]; then
+    export CI_BRANCH=$APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH
+    export CI_BUILD_ID=$APPVEYOR_BUILD_ID
+    export CI_COMMIT=$APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT
+    export CI_JOB_ID=$APPVEYOR_JOB_ID
+    if [[ -n $APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER ]]; then
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=true
+    else
+      export CI_PULL_REQUEST=
+    fi
+    if [[ $CI_LINUX = True ]]; then
+      export CI_OS_NAME=linux
+    elif [[ $CI_WINDOWS = True ]]; then
+      export CI_OS_NAME=windows
+    fi
+    export CI_REPO_SLUG=$APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME
+    export CI_TAG=$APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME
+  fi
+else
+  export CI=
+  export CI_BRANCH=
+  export CI_BUILD_ID=
+  export CI_COMMIT=
+  export CI_JOB_ID=
+  export CI_OS_NAME=
+  export CI_PULL_REQUEST=
+  export CI_REPO_SLUG=
+  export CI_TAG=
+fi
+
+cat <<EOF
+CI=$CI
+CI_BRANCH=$CI_BRANCH
+CI_BUILD_ID=$CI_BUILD_ID
+CI_COMMIT=$CI_COMMIT
+CI_JOB_ID=$CI_JOB_ID
+CI_OS_NAME=$CI_OS_NAME
+CI_PULL_REQUEST=$CI_PULL_REQUEST
+CI_TAG=$CI_TAG
+EOF
--- a/ci/is-pr.sh
+++ b/ci/is-pr.sh
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-#
-# The standard BUILDKITE_PULL_REQUEST environment variable is always "false" due
-# to how solana-ci-gate is used to trigger PR builds rather than using the
-# standard Buildkite PR trigger.
-#
-
-[[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH =~ pull/* ]]
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More