Preserve extra dependency annotations (optional=,features=) during version bump (#3811)

This reverts commit 03da63b41b.

.buildkite/env/secrets.ejson

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 {
     "_public_key": "ae29f4f7ad2fc92de70d470e411c8426d5d48db8817c9e3dae574b122192335f",
     "environment": {
-      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:EzVa4Gpj2Qn5OhZQlVfGFchuROgupvnW:CbWc6sNh1GCrAbrncxDjW00zUAD/Sa+ccg7CFSz8Ua6LnCYnSddTBxJWcJEbEs0MrjuZRQ==]",
-      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:qF7QrUM8j+19mptcE1YS71CqmrCM13Ah:TZCatJeT1egCHiufE6cGFC1VsdJkKaaqV6QKWkEsMPBKvOAdaZbbVz9Kl+lGnIsF]",
-      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:PetD/4c/EbkQmFEcK21g3cBBAPwFqHEw:wvYmDZRajy2WngVFs9AlwyHk]",
-      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:WcnqZdmDFtJJ01Zu5LbeGgbYGfRzBdFc:a7c5zDDtCOu5L1Qd2NKkxT6kljyBcbck]",
-      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:Kqnm+k1Z4p8nr7GqMczXnzh6azTk39tj3bAbCKPitUc=:LIZgP9Tp9yE9OlpV8iogmLOI7iW7SiU3:x0nYdT1A6sxu+O+MMLIN19d2t6rrK1qJ3+HnoWG3PDodsXjz06YJWQKU/mx6saqH+QbGtGV5mk0=]"
+      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:rHBSqXK7uSnveA4qwUxARZjTNZcA0hXU:ko8lLGwPECpVm19znWBRxKEpMF7xpTHBCEzVOxRar2wDThw4lNDAKqTS61vtkJLtdkHtug==]",
+      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:NzN6y0ooXJBYvxB589khepthSxhKFkLB:ZTTFZh2A/kB2SAgjJJAMbwAfanRlzxOCNMVcA2MXBCpQHJeeZGULg+0MLACYswfS]",
+      "GITHUB_TOKEN": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:iy0Fnxeo0aslTCvgXc5Ddj2ly6ZsQ8gK:GNOOj/kZUJ2rYKxTbLyVKtajWNoGQ3PcChwfEB4HdN18qDHlB96Z7gx01Pcf0qeIHODOWRtxlH4=]",
+      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:Ly/TpIRF0oCxmiBWv225S3mX8s6pfQR+:+tXGB2c9rRCVDcgNO1IDOo89]",
+      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:ycrq1uQLoSfI932czD+krUOaJeLWpeq6:2iS7ukp/C7wVD3IT0GvQVcwccWGyLr4UocStF/XiDi0OB/N3YKIKN8SQU4ob1b6StAPZ/XOHmag=]",
+      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:35hBKofakZ4Db/u0TOW53RXoNWzJTIcl:HWREcMTrgZ8DGB0ZupgSzNWr/tVyE06P]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu": "EJ[1:+7nLVR8NlnN48zgaJPPXF9JOZDXVNHDZLeARlCFHyRk=:kRz8CyJYKAg/AiwgLrcRNDJAmlRX2zvX:uV1XV6y2Fb+dN4Z9BIMPBRiNS3n+NL8GlJXyu1i7meIsph1DzfLg4Thcp5Mj9nUsFNLgqQgjnsa5C4XNY/h5AgMSzRrJxVj7RhVTRmDJ5/Vjq6v7wCMRfBOvF3rITsV4zTwWSV8yafFmS+ZQ+QJTRgtYsuoYAUNZ06IEebfDHcuNwws72hEGoD9w43hOLSpyEOmXbtZ9h1lIRxrgsrhYDpBlU5LkhDeTXAX5M5dwYxyquJFRwd5quGDV5DYsCh9bAkbjAyjWYymVJ78U9YJIQHT9izzQqTDlMQN49EbLo7MDIaC7O7HVtb7unDJs+DRejbHacoyWVulqVVwu3GRiZezu8zdjwzGHphMMxOtKQaidnqYgflNp/O01I8wZRgR1alsGcmIhEhI8YV/IvQ==]"
     }
 }

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -46,10 +46,17 @@ and longer descriptions detailing what problem it solves and how it solves it.
 Draft Pull Requests
 ---
 
-If you want early feedback on your PR, use GitHub's "Draft Pull Request" mechanism. Draft
-PRs are a convenient way to collaborate with the Solana maintainers without triggering
-notifications as you make changes. When you feel your PR is ready for a broader audience,
-you can transition your draft PR to a standard PR with the click of a button.
+If you want early feedback on your PR, use GitHub's "Draft Pull Request"
+mechanism. Draft PRs are a convenient way to collaborate with the Solana
+maintainers without triggering notifications as you make changes. When you feel
+your PR is ready for a broader audience, you can transition your draft PR to a
+standard PR with the click of a button.
+
+Do not add reviewers to draft PRs.  GitHub doesn't automatically clear approvals
+when you click "Ready for Review", so a review that meant "I approve of the
+direction" suddenly has the appearance of "I approve of these changes." Instead,
+add a comment that mentions the usernames that you would like a review from. Ask
+explicitly what you would like feedback on.
 
 Rust coding conventions
 ---
@@ -89,24 +96,23 @@ understood. Avoid introducing new 3-letter terms, which can be confused with 3-l
 [Terms currently in use](book/src/terminology.md)
 
 
-Proposing architectural changes
+Design Proposals
 ---
 
 Solana's architecture is described by a book generated from markdown files in
 the `book/src/` directory, maintained by an *editor* (currently @garious). To
-change the architecture, you'll need to at least propose a change the content
-under the [Proposed
-Changes](https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/proposals.html) chapter. Here's
-the full process:
+add a design proposal, you'll need to at least propose a change the content
+under the [Accepted Design
+Proposals](https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/proposals.html) chapter.
+Here's the full process:
 
-1. Propose to a change to the architecture by creating a PR that adds a
-   markdown document to the directory `book/src/` and references it from the
-   [table of contents](book/src/SUMMARY.md). Add the editor and any relevant
-   *maintainers* to the PR review.
+1. Propose a design by creating a PR that adds a markdown document to the
+   directory `book/src/` and references it from the [table of
+   contents](book/src/SUMMARY.md). Add any relevant *maintainers* to the PR review.
 2. The PR being merged indicates your proposed change was accepted and that the
-   editor and maintainers support your plan of attack.
+   maintainers support your plan of attack.
 3. Submit PRs that implement the proposal. When the implementation reveals the
-   need for tweaks to the architecture, be sure to update the proposal and have
+   need for tweaks to the proposal, be sure to update the proposal and have
    that change reviewed by the same people as in step 1.
-4. Once the implementation is complete, the editor will then work to integrate
-   the document into the book.
+4. Once the implementation is complete, submit a PR that moves the link from
+   the Accepted Proposals to the Implemented Proposals section.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,86 +1,36 @@
-[package]
-name = "solana-workspace"
-description = "Blockchain, Rebuilt for Scale"
-version = "0.12.0"
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/solana"
-homepage = "https://solana.com/"
-readme = "README.md"
-repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
-authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
-license = "Apache-2.0"
-edition = "2018"
-
-[badges]
-codecov = { repository = "solana-labs/solana", branch = "master", service = "github" }
-
-[features]
-chacha = ["solana/chacha"]
-cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
-erasure = ["solana/erasure"]
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-bincode = "1.1.2"
-bs58 = "0.2.0"
-hashbrown = "0.1.8"
-log = "0.4.2"
-rand = "0.6.5"
-rayon = "1.0.0"
-reqwest = "0.9.11"
-serde_json = "1.0.39"
-solana = { path = "core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-netutil = { path = "netutil", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "runtime", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "sdk", version = "0.12.0" }
-sys-info = "0.5.6"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "banking_stage"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "blocktree"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "ledger"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "gen_keys"
-
-[[bench]]
-name = "sigverify"
-
-[[bench]]
-required-features = ["chacha"]
-name = "chacha"
-
 [workspace]
 members = [
     ".",
     "bench-streamer",
     "bench-tps",
-    "core",
     "drone",
     "fullnode",
     "genesis",
+    "gossip",
+    "install",
     "keygen",
+    "kvstore",
     "ledger-tool",
     "logger",
     "metrics",
     "programs/bpf",
     "programs/bpf_loader",
-    "programs/budget",
     "programs/budget_api",
-    "programs/token",
+    "programs/budget_program",
+    "programs/config_api",
+    "programs/config_program",
+    "programs/exchange_api",
+    "programs/exchange_program",
     "programs/token_api",
-    "programs/failure",
-    "programs/noop",
-    "programs/rewards",
-    "programs/rewards_api",
-    "programs/storage",
+    "programs/token_program",
+    "programs/failure_program",
+    "programs/noop_program",
+    "programs/stake_api",
+    "programs/stake_program",
     "programs/storage_api",
-    "programs/system",
-    "programs/vote",
+    "programs/storage_program",
     "programs/vote_api",
+    "programs/vote_program",
     "replicator",
     "sdk",
     "upload-perf",

README.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ $ source $HOME/.cargo/env
 $ rustup component add rustfmt-preview
 ```
 
-If your rustc version is lower than 1.31.0, please update it:
+If your rustc version is lower than 1.34.0, please update it:
 
 ```bash
 $ rustup update
@@ -83,12 +83,6 @@ Run the test suite:
 $ cargo test --all
 ```
 
-To emulate all the tests that will run on a Pull Request, run:
-
-```bash
-$ ./ci/run-local.sh
-```
-
 Local Testnet
 ---
 
@@ -131,6 +125,47 @@ can run your own testnet using the scripts in the `net/` directory.
 Edit `ci/testnet-manager.sh`
 
 
+## Metrics Server Maintenance
+Sometimes the dashboard becomes unresponsive. This happens due to glitch in the metrics server.
+The current solution is to reset the metrics server. Use the following steps.
+
+1. The server is hosted in a GCP VM instance. Check if the VM instance is down by trying to SSH
+ into it from the GCP console. The name of the VM is ```metrics-solana-com```.
+2. If the VM is inaccessible, reset it from the GCP console.
+3. Once VM is up (or, was already up), the metrics services can be restarted from build automation.
+    1. Navigate to https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/metrics-dot-solana-dot-com in your web browser
+    2. Click on ```New Build```
+    3. This will show a pop up dialog. Click on ```options``` drop down.
+    4. Type in ```FORCE_START=true``` in ```Environment Variables``` text box.
+    5. Click ```Create Build```
+    6. This will restart the metrics services, and the dashboards should be accessible afterwards.
+
+## Debugging Testnet
+Testnet may exhibit different symptoms of failures. Primary statistics to check are
+1. Rise in Confirmation Time
+2. Nodes are not voting
+3. Panics, and OOM notifications
+
+Check the following if there are any signs of failure.
+1. Did testnet deployment fail?
+    1. View buildkite logs for the last deployment: https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management
+    2. Use the relevant branch
+    3. If the deployment failed, look at the build logs. The build artifacts for each remote node is uploaded.
+       It's a good first step to triage from these logs.
+2. You may have to log into remote node if the deployment succeeded, but something failed during runtime.
+    1. Get the private key for the testnet deployment from ```metrics-solana-com``` GCP instance.
+    2. SSH into ```metrics-solana-com``` using GCP console and do the following.
+    ```bash
+    sudo bash
+    cd ~buildkite-agent/.ssh
+    ls
+    ```
+    3. Copy the relevant private key to your local machine
+    4. Find the public IP address of the AWS instance for the remote node using AWS console
+    5. ```ssh -i <private key file> ubuntu@<ip address of remote node>```
+    6. The logs are in ```~solana\solana``` folder
+
+
 Benchmarking
 ---
 

RELEASE.md

@@ -63,20 +63,25 @@ There are three release channels that map to branches as follows:
 
 ### Changing channels
 
-When cutting a new channel branch these pre-steps are required:
-
+#### Create the new branch
 1. Pick your branch point for release on master.
 1. Create the branch.  The name should be "v" + the first 2 "version" fields
    from Cargo.toml.  For example, a Cargo.toml with version = "0.9.0" implies
    the next branch name is "v0.9".
-1. Push the new branch to the solana repository
-1. Update Cargo.toml on master to the next semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.10.0)
-   by running `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh`, then rebuild with a
-   `cargo build --all` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
+    1.  Note the Cargo.toml in the repo root directory does not contain a version.  Look at any other Cargo.toml file.
+1. Create a new branch and push this branch to the solana repository.
+    1. `git checkout -b <branchname>`
+    1. `git push -u origin <branchname>`
+
+#### Update master with the next version
+
+1. After the new branch has been created and pushed, update Cargo.toml on **master** to the next semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.10.0)
+   by running `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh`, then rebuild with
+   `cargo build` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
 1. Push your Cargo.toml change and the autogenerated Cargo.lock changes to the
    master branch
 
-At this point, ci/channel-info.sh should show your freshly cut release branch as
+At this point, `ci/channel-info.sh` should show your freshly cut release branch as
 "BETA_CHANNEL" and the previous release branch as "STABLE_CHANNEL".
 
 ### Updating channels (i.e. "making a release")
@@ -86,7 +91,8 @@ We use [github's Releases UI](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases) fo
 1. Go [there ;)](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases).
 1. Click "Draft new release".  The release tag must exactly match the `version`
    field in `/Cargo.toml` prefixed by `v` (ie, `<branchname>.X`).
-1. If the first major release on the branch (e.g. v0.8.0), paste in [this
+   1.  If the Cargo.toml verion field is **0.12.3**, then the release tag must be **v0.12.3**
+1. If this is the first release on the branch (e.g. v0.13.**0**), paste in [this
    template](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/master/.github/RELEASE_TEMPLATE.md)
    and fill it in.
 1. Test the release by generating a tag using semver's rules.  First try at a
@@ -97,9 +103,9 @@ We use [github's Releases UI](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases) fo
 1. After testnet deployment, verify that testnets are running correct software.
    http://metrics.solana.com should show testnet running on a hash from your
    newly created branch.
-1. Once the release has been made, update Cargo.toml on release to the next
+1. Once the release has been made, update Cargo.toml on the release branch to the next
    semantic version (e.g. 0.9.0 -> 0.9.1) by running
-   `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh patch`, then rebuild with a `cargo
-   build --all` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
+   `./scripts/increment-cargo-version.sh patch`, then rebuild with `cargo
+   build` to cause a refresh of `Cargo.lock`.
 1. Push your Cargo.toml change and the autogenerated Cargo.lock changes to the
-   release branch
+   release branch.

bench-streamer/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-streamer"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.32.0"
-solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.12.0" }
+clap = "2.33.0"
+solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.13.0" }
 
 [features]
 cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
+erasure = []

bench-streamer/src/main.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use clap::{App, Arg};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg};
 use solana::packet::{Packet, SharedPackets, BLOB_SIZE, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
 use solana::result::Result;
 use solana::streamer::{receiver, PacketReceiver};
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ fn sink(exit: Arc<AtomicBool>, rvs: Arc<AtomicUsize>, r: PacketReceiver) -> Join
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let mut num_sockets = 1usize;
 
-    let matches = App::new("solana-bench-streamer")
+    let matches = App::new(crate_name!())
+        .about(crate_description!())
+        .version(crate_version!())
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("num-recv-sockets")
                 .long("num-recv-sockets")

bench-tps/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,20 +2,23 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-tps"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.32.0"
+clap = "2.33.0"
 rayon = "1.0.3"
 serde_json = "1.0.39"
-solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.12.0" }
+solana = { path = "../core", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.13.0" }
 
 [features]
 cuda = ["solana/cuda"]
+erasure = []

bench-tps/src/bench.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 use solana_metrics;
 
+use crate::cli::Config;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana::client::mk_client;
+use solana::cluster_info::FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE;
 use solana::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-use solana::thin_client::ThinClient;
+use solana::gen_keys::GenKeys;
+use solana::gossip_service::discover_nodes;
+use solana_client::thin_client::create_client;
+use solana_client::thin_client::ThinClient;
 use solana_drone::drone::request_airdrop_transaction;
 use solana_metrics::influxdb;
+use solana_sdk::client::{AsyncClient, SyncClient};
 use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+use solana_sdk::system_instruction;
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
 use solana_sdk::timing::timestamp;
 use solana_sdk::timing::{duration_as_ms, duration_as_s};
 use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
@@ -20,6 +26,7 @@ use std::process::exit;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::thread::Builder;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
@@ -34,7 +41,201 @@ pub const MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX: usize = 4;
 
 pub type SharedTransactions = Arc<RwLock<VecDeque<Vec<(Transaction, u64)>>>>;
 
-pub fn metrics_submit_lamport_balance(lamport_balance: u64) {
+pub fn do_bench_tps(config: Config) {
+    let Config {
+        network_addr: network,
+        drone_addr,
+        id,
+        threads,
+        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
+        num_nodes,
+        duration,
+        tx_count,
+        sustained,
+    } = config;
+
+    let nodes = discover_nodes(&network, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+        eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
+        exit(1);
+    });
+    if nodes.len() < num_nodes {
+        eprintln!(
+            "Error: Insufficient nodes discovered.  Expecting {} or more",
+            num_nodes
+        );
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    let cluster_entrypoint = nodes[0].clone(); // Pick the first node, why not?
+
+    let client = create_client(cluster_entrypoint.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+    let mut barrier_client =
+        create_client(cluster_entrypoint.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+
+    let mut seed = [0u8; 32];
+    seed.copy_from_slice(&id.public_key_bytes()[..32]);
+    let mut rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
+
+    println!("Creating {} keypairs...", tx_count * 2);
+    let mut total_keys = 0;
+    let mut target = tx_count * 2;
+    while target > 0 {
+        total_keys += target;
+        target /= MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX;
+    }
+    let gen_keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(total_keys as u64);
+    let barrier_source_keypair = Keypair::new();
+    let barrier_dest_id = Pubkey::new_rand();
+
+    println!("Get lamports...");
+    let num_lamports_per_account = 20;
+
+    // Sample the first keypair, see if it has lamports, if so then resume
+    // to avoid lamport loss
+    let keypair0_balance = client
+        .poll_get_balance(&gen_keypairs.last().unwrap().pubkey())
+        .unwrap_or(0);
+
+    if num_lamports_per_account > keypair0_balance {
+        let extra = num_lamports_per_account - keypair0_balance;
+        let total = extra * (gen_keypairs.len() as u64);
+        airdrop_lamports(&client, &drone_addr, &id, total);
+        println!("adding more lamports {}", extra);
+        fund_keys(&client, &id, &gen_keypairs, extra);
+    }
+    let start = gen_keypairs.len() - (tx_count * 2) as usize;
+    let keypairs = &gen_keypairs[start..];
+    airdrop_lamports(&barrier_client, &drone_addr, &barrier_source_keypair, 1);
+
+    println!("Get last ID...");
+    let mut blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
+    println!("Got last ID {:?}", blockhash);
+
+    let first_tx_count = client.get_transaction_count().expect("transaction count");
+    println!("Initial transaction count {}", first_tx_count);
+
+    let exit_signal = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+    // Setup a thread per validator to sample every period
+    // collect the max transaction rate and total tx count seen
+    let maxes = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
+    let sample_period = 1; // in seconds
+    println!("Sampling TPS every {} second...", sample_period);
+    let v_threads: Vec<_> = nodes
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|v| {
+            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
+            let maxes = maxes.clone();
+            Builder::new()
+                .name("solana-client-sample".to_string())
+                .spawn(move || {
+                    sample_tx_count(&exit_signal, &maxes, first_tx_count, &v, sample_period);
+                })
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let shared_txs: SharedTransactions = Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()));
+
+    let shared_tx_active_thread_count = Arc::new(AtomicIsize::new(0));
+    let total_tx_sent_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let s_threads: Vec<_> = (0..threads)
+        .map(|_| {
+            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
+            let shared_txs = shared_txs.clone();
+            let cluster_entrypoint = cluster_entrypoint.clone();
+            let shared_tx_active_thread_count = shared_tx_active_thread_count.clone();
+            let total_tx_sent_count = total_tx_sent_count.clone();
+            Builder::new()
+                .name("solana-client-sender".to_string())
+                .spawn(move || {
+                    do_tx_transfers(
+                        &exit_signal,
+                        &shared_txs,
+                        &cluster_entrypoint,
+                        &shared_tx_active_thread_count,
+                        &total_tx_sent_count,
+                        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
+                    );
+                })
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    // generate and send transactions for the specified duration
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = false;
+    let mut i = keypair0_balance;
+    while start.elapsed() < duration {
+        let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
+        metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
+
+        // ping-pong between source and destination accounts for each loop iteration
+        // this seems to be faster than trying to determine the balance of individual
+        // accounts
+        let len = tx_count as usize;
+        generate_txs(
+            &shared_txs,
+            &keypairs[..len],
+            &keypairs[len..],
+            threads,
+            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account,
+            &cluster_entrypoint,
+        );
+        // In sustained mode overlap the transfers with generation
+        // this has higher average performance but lower peak performance
+        // in tested environments.
+        if !sustained {
+            while shared_tx_active_thread_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) > 0 {
+                sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+            }
+        }
+        // It's not feasible (would take too much time) to confirm each of the `tx_count / 2`
+        // transactions sent by `generate_txs()` so instead send and confirm a single transaction
+        // to validate the network is still functional.
+        send_barrier_transaction(
+            &mut barrier_client,
+            &mut blockhash,
+            &barrier_source_keypair,
+            &barrier_dest_id,
+        );
+
+        i += 1;
+        if should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account, i) {
+            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = !reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Stop the sampling threads so it will collect the stats
+    exit_signal.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+    println!("Waiting for validator threads...");
+    for t in v_threads {
+        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
+            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // join the tx send threads
+    println!("Waiting for transmit threads...");
+    for t in s_threads {
+        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
+            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
+    metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
+
+    compute_and_report_stats(
+        &maxes,
+        sample_period,
+        &start.elapsed(),
+        total_tx_sent_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+    );
+}
+
+fn metrics_submit_lamport_balance(lamport_balance: u64) {
     println!("Token balance: {}", lamport_balance);
     solana_metrics::submit(
         influxdb::Point::new("bench-tps")
@@ -44,23 +245,23 @@ pub fn metrics_submit_lamport_balance(lamport_balance: u64) {
     );
 }
 
-pub fn sample_tx_count(
+fn sample_tx_count(
     exit_signal: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
     maxes: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<(SocketAddr, NodeStats)>>>,
     first_tx_count: u64,
     v: &ContactInfo,
     sample_period: u64,
 ) {
-    let mut client = mk_client(&v);
+    let client = create_client(v.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     let mut now = Instant::now();
-    let mut initial_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+    let mut initial_tx_count = client.get_transaction_count().expect("transaction count");
     let mut max_tps = 0.0;
     let mut total;
 
     let log_prefix = format!("{:21}:", v.tpu.to_string());
 
     loop {
-        let tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+        let tx_count = client.get_transaction_count().expect("transaction count");
         assert!(
             tx_count >= initial_tx_count,
             "expected tx_count({}) >= initial_tx_count({})",
@@ -101,7 +302,7 @@ pub fn sample_tx_count(
 }
 
 /// Send loopback payment of 0 lamports and confirm the network processed it
-pub fn send_barrier_transaction(
+fn send_barrier_transaction(
     barrier_client: &mut ThinClient,
     blockhash: &mut Hash,
     source_keypair: &Keypair,
@@ -118,9 +319,12 @@ pub fn send_barrier_transaction(
             );
         }
 
-        *blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash();
+        *blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
+
+        let transaction =
+            system_transaction::create_user_account(&source_keypair, dest_id, 0, *blockhash, 0);
         let signature = barrier_client
-            .transfer(0, &source_keypair, dest_id, blockhash)
+            .async_send_transaction(transaction)
             .expect("Unable to send barrier transaction");
 
         let confirmatiom = barrier_client.poll_for_signature(&signature);
@@ -160,7 +364,7 @@ pub fn send_barrier_transaction(
             exit(1);
         }
 
-        let new_blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash();
+        let new_blockhash = barrier_client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
         if new_blockhash == *blockhash {
             if poll_count > 0 && poll_count % 8 == 0 {
                 println!("blockhash is not advancing, still at {:?}", *blockhash);
@@ -173,7 +377,7 @@ pub fn send_barrier_transaction(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn generate_txs(
+fn generate_txs(
     shared_txs: &SharedTransactions,
     source: &[Keypair],
     dest: &[Keypair],
@@ -181,8 +385,8 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
     reclaim: bool,
     contact_info: &ContactInfo,
 ) {
-    let mut client = mk_client(contact_info);
-    let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
+    let client = create_client(contact_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+    let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
     let tx_count = source.len();
     println!("Signing transactions... {} (reclaim={})", tx_count, reclaim);
     let signing_start = Instant::now();
@@ -196,7 +400,7 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
         .par_iter()
         .map(|(id, keypair)| {
             (
-                SystemTransaction::new_account(id, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0),
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(id, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0),
                 timestamp(),
             )
         })
@@ -233,7 +437,7 @@ pub fn generate_txs(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn do_tx_transfers(
+fn do_tx_transfers(
     exit_signal: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
     shared_txs: &SharedTransactions,
     contact_info: &ContactInfo,
@@ -241,7 +445,7 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
     total_tx_sent_count: &Arc<AtomicUsize>,
     thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
 ) {
-    let client = mk_client(&contact_info);
+    let client = create_client(contact_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     loop {
         if thread_batch_sleep_ms > 0 {
             sleep(Duration::from_millis(thread_batch_sleep_ms as u64));
@@ -265,7 +469,7 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
                 if now > tx.1 && now - tx.1 > 1000 * 30 {
                     continue;
                 }
-                client.transfer_signed(&tx.0).unwrap();
+                client.async_send_transaction(tx.0).unwrap();
             }
             shared_tx_thread_count.fetch_add(-1, Ordering::Relaxed);
             total_tx_sent_count.fetch_add(tx_len, Ordering::Relaxed);
@@ -291,8 +495,8 @@ pub fn do_tx_transfers(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn verify_funding_transfer(client: &mut ThinClient, tx: &Transaction, amount: u64) -> bool {
-    for a in &tx.account_keys[1..] {
+fn verify_funding_transfer(client: &ThinClient, tx: &Transaction, amount: u64) -> bool {
+    for a in &tx.message().account_keys[1..] {
         if client.get_balance(a).unwrap_or(0) >= amount {
             return true;
         }
@@ -304,7 +508,7 @@ pub fn verify_funding_transfer(client: &mut ThinClient, tx: &Transaction, amount
 /// fund the dests keys by spending all of the source keys into MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX
 /// on every iteration.  This allows us to replay the transfers because the source is either empty,
 /// or full
-pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], lamports: u64) {
+fn fund_keys(client: &ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], lamports: u64) {
     let total = lamports * dests.len() as u64;
     let mut funded: Vec<(&Keypair, u64)> = vec![(source, total)];
     let mut notfunded: Vec<&Keypair> = dests.iter().collect();
@@ -348,7 +552,10 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                 .map(|(k, m)| {
                     (
                         k.clone(),
-                        SystemTransaction::new_move_many(k, &m, Hash::default(), 0),
+                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(system_instruction::transfer_many(
+                            &k.pubkey(),
+                            &m,
+                        )),
                     )
                 })
                 .collect();
@@ -358,7 +565,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
             while !to_fund_txs.is_empty() {
                 let receivers = to_fund_txs
                     .iter()
-                    .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.instructions.len());
+                    .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.message().instructions.len());
 
                 println!(
                     "{} {} to {} in {} txs",
@@ -372,7 +579,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                     to_fund_txs.len(),
                 );
 
-                let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
+                let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
 
                 // re-sign retained to_fund_txes with updated blockhash
                 to_fund_txs.par_iter_mut().for_each(|(k, tx)| {
@@ -380,13 +587,19 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
                 });
 
                 to_fund_txs.iter().for_each(|(_, tx)| {
-                    client.transfer_signed(&tx).expect("transfer");
+                    client.async_send_transaction(tx.clone()).expect("transfer");
                 });
 
                 // retry anything that seems to have dropped through cracks
                 //  again since these txs are all or nothing, they're fine to
                 //  retry
-                to_fund_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_funding_transfer(client, &tx, amount));
+                for _ in 0..10 {
+                    to_fund_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_funding_transfer(client, &tx, amount));
+                    if to_fund_txs.is_empty() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+                }
 
                 tries += 1;
             }
@@ -397,12 +610,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys(client: &mut ThinClient, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Keypair], l
     }
 }
 
-pub fn airdrop_lamports(
-    client: &mut ThinClient,
-    drone_addr: &SocketAddr,
-    id: &Keypair,
-    tx_count: u64,
-) {
+fn airdrop_lamports(client: &ThinClient, drone_addr: &SocketAddr, id: &Keypair, tx_count: u64) {
     let starting_balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
     metrics_submit_lamport_balance(starting_balance);
     println!("starting balance {}", starting_balance);
@@ -416,10 +624,10 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports(
             id.pubkey(),
         );
 
-        let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
+        let blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();
         match request_airdrop_transaction(&drone_addr, &id.pubkey(), airdrop_amount, blockhash) {
             Ok(transaction) => {
-                let signature = client.transfer_signed(&transaction).unwrap();
+                let signature = client.async_send_transaction(transaction).unwrap();
                 client.poll_for_signature(&signature).unwrap();
             }
             Err(err) => {
@@ -449,7 +657,7 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
+fn compute_and_report_stats(
     maxes: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<(SocketAddr, NodeStats)>>>,
     sample_period: u64,
     tx_send_elapsed: &Duration,
@@ -516,13 +724,18 @@ pub fn compute_and_report_stats(
 // First transfer 3/4 of the lamports to the dest accounts
 // then ping-pong 1/4 of the lamports back to the other account
 // this leaves 1/4 lamport buffer in each account
-pub fn should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account: u64, i: u64) -> bool {
+fn should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account: u64, i: u64) -> bool {
     i % (num_lamports_per_account / 4) == 0 && (i >= (3 * num_lamports_per_account) / 4)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use solana::fullnode::FullnodeConfig;
+    use solana::local_cluster::{ClusterConfig, LocalCluster};
+    use solana_drone::drone::run_local_drone;
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+
     #[test]
     fn test_switch_directions() {
         assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 0), false);
@@ -537,4 +750,33 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 100), true);
         assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 101), false);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn test_bench_tps() {
+        let fullnode_config = FullnodeConfig::default();
+        const NUM_NODES: usize = 1;
+        let cluster = LocalCluster::new(&ClusterConfig {
+            node_stakes: vec![999_990; NUM_NODES],
+            cluster_lamports: 2_000_000,
+            fullnode_config,
+            ..ClusterConfig::default()
+        });
+
+        let drone_keypair = Keypair::new();
+        cluster.transfer(&cluster.funding_keypair, &drone_keypair.pubkey(), 1_000_000);
+
+        let (addr_sender, addr_receiver) = channel();
+        run_local_drone(drone_keypair, addr_sender, None);
+        let drone_addr = addr_receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(2)).unwrap();
+
+        let mut cfg = Config::default();
+        cfg.network_addr = cluster.entry_point_info.gossip;
+        cfg.drone_addr = drone_addr;
+        cfg.tx_count = 100;
+        cfg.duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+        cfg.num_nodes = NUM_NODES;
+
+        do_bench_tps(cfg);
+    }
 }

bench-tps/src/cli.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use clap::{crate_version, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
 use solana_drone::drone::DRONE_PORT;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair, Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub tx_count: usize,
     pub thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
     pub sustained: bool,
-    pub reject_extra_nodes: bool,
-    pub converge_only: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for Config {
@@ -33,15 +31,13 @@ impl Default for Config {
             tx_count: 500_000,
             thread_batch_sleep_ms: 0,
             sustained: false,
-            reject_extra_nodes: false,
-            converge_only: false,
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Defines and builds the CLI args for a run of the benchmark
 pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
-    App::new("solana-bench-tps")
+    App::new(crate_name!()).about(crate_description!())
         .version(crate_version!())
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("network")
@@ -75,11 +71,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .takes_value(true)
                 .help("Wait for NUM nodes to converge"),
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("reject-extra-nodes")
-                .long("reject-extra-nodes")
-                .help("Require exactly `num-nodes` on convergence. Appropriate only for internal networks"),
-        )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("threads")
                 .short("t")
@@ -95,11 +86,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .takes_value(true)
                 .help("Seconds to run benchmark, then exit; default is forever"),
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("converge-only")
-                .long("converge-only")
-                .help("Exit immediately after converging"),
-        )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("sustained")
                 .long("sustained")
@@ -131,14 +117,14 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     let mut args = Config::default();
 
     if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("network") {
-        args.network_addr = addr.parse().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            eprintln!("failed to parse network: {}", e);
+        args.network_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse network address: {}", e);
             exit(1)
         });
     }
 
     if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("drone") {
-        args.drone_addr = addr.parse().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        args.drone_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
             eprintln!("failed to parse drone address: {}", e);
             exit(1)
         });
@@ -176,8 +162,6 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     }
 
     args.sustained = matches.is_present("sustained");
-    args.converge_only = matches.is_present("converge-only");
-    args.reject_extra_nodes = matches.is_present("reject-extra-nodes");
 
     args
 }

bench-tps/src/main.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,7 @@
 mod bench;
 mod cli;
 
-use crate::bench::*;
-use solana::client::mk_client;
-use solana::gen_keys::GenKeys;
-use solana::gossip_service::discover;
-use solana_metrics;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::process::exit;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::thread::sleep;
-use std::thread::Builder;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use std::time::Instant;
+use crate::bench::do_bench_tps;
 
 fn main() {
     solana_logger::setup();
@@ -24,226 +11,5 @@ fn main() {
 
     let cfg = cli::extract_args(&matches);
 
-    let cli::Config {
-        network_addr: network,
-        drone_addr,
-        id,
-        threads,
-        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
-        num_nodes,
-        duration,
-        tx_count,
-        sustained,
-        reject_extra_nodes,
-        converge_only,
-    } = cfg;
-
-    let nodes = discover(&network, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-        eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
-        exit(1);
-    });
-    if nodes.len() < num_nodes {
-        eprintln!(
-            "Error: Insufficient nodes discovered.  Expecting {} or more",
-            num_nodes
-        );
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    if reject_extra_nodes && nodes.len() > num_nodes {
-        eprintln!(
-            "Error: Extra nodes discovered.  Expecting exactly {}",
-            num_nodes
-        );
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    if converge_only {
-        return;
-    }
-    let cluster_entrypoint = nodes[0].clone(); // Pick the first node, why not?
-
-    let mut client = mk_client(&cluster_entrypoint);
-    let mut barrier_client = mk_client(&cluster_entrypoint);
-
-    let mut seed = [0u8; 32];
-    seed.copy_from_slice(&id.public_key_bytes()[..32]);
-    let mut rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
-
-    println!("Creating {} keypairs...", tx_count * 2);
-    let mut total_keys = 0;
-    let mut target = tx_count * 2;
-    while target > 0 {
-        total_keys += target;
-        target /= MAX_SPENDS_PER_TX;
-    }
-    let gen_keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(total_keys as u64);
-    let barrier_source_keypair = Keypair::new();
-    let barrier_dest_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
-
-    println!("Get lamports...");
-    let num_lamports_per_account = 20;
-
-    // Sample the first keypair, see if it has lamports, if so then resume
-    // to avoid lamport loss
-    let keypair0_balance = client
-        .poll_get_balance(&gen_keypairs.last().unwrap().pubkey())
-        .unwrap_or(0);
-
-    if num_lamports_per_account > keypair0_balance {
-        let extra = num_lamports_per_account - keypair0_balance;
-        let total = extra * (gen_keypairs.len() as u64);
-        airdrop_lamports(&mut client, &drone_addr, &id, total);
-        println!("adding more lamports {}", extra);
-        fund_keys(&mut client, &id, &gen_keypairs, extra);
-    }
-    let start = gen_keypairs.len() - (tx_count * 2) as usize;
-    let keypairs = &gen_keypairs[start..];
-    airdrop_lamports(&mut barrier_client, &drone_addr, &barrier_source_keypair, 1);
-
-    println!("Get last ID...");
-    let mut blockhash = client.get_recent_blockhash();
-    println!("Got last ID {:?}", blockhash);
-
-    let first_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
-    println!("Initial transaction count {}", first_tx_count);
-
-    let exit_signal = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-
-    // Setup a thread per validator to sample every period
-    // collect the max transaction rate and total tx count seen
-    let maxes = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
-    let sample_period = 1; // in seconds
-    println!("Sampling TPS every {} second...", sample_period);
-    let v_threads: Vec<_> = nodes
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|v| {
-            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
-            let maxes = maxes.clone();
-            Builder::new()
-                .name("solana-client-sample".to_string())
-                .spawn(move || {
-                    sample_tx_count(&exit_signal, &maxes, first_tx_count, &v, sample_period);
-                })
-                .unwrap()
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let shared_txs: SharedTransactions = Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()));
-
-    let shared_tx_active_thread_count = Arc::new(AtomicIsize::new(0));
-    let total_tx_sent_count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-
-    let s_threads: Vec<_> = (0..threads)
-        .map(|_| {
-            let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
-            let shared_txs = shared_txs.clone();
-            let cluster_entrypoint = cluster_entrypoint.clone();
-            let shared_tx_active_thread_count = shared_tx_active_thread_count.clone();
-            let total_tx_sent_count = total_tx_sent_count.clone();
-            Builder::new()
-                .name("solana-client-sender".to_string())
-                .spawn(move || {
-                    do_tx_transfers(
-                        &exit_signal,
-                        &shared_txs,
-                        &cluster_entrypoint,
-                        &shared_tx_active_thread_count,
-                        &total_tx_sent_count,
-                        thread_batch_sleep_ms,
-                    );
-                })
-                .unwrap()
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    // generate and send transactions for the specified duration
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let mut reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = false;
-    let mut i = keypair0_balance;
-    while start.elapsed() < duration {
-        let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
-        metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
-
-        // ping-pong between source and destination accounts for each loop iteration
-        // this seems to be faster than trying to determine the balance of individual
-        // accounts
-        let len = tx_count as usize;
-        generate_txs(
-            &shared_txs,
-            &keypairs[..len],
-            &keypairs[len..],
-            threads,
-            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account,
-            &cluster_entrypoint,
-        );
-        // In sustained mode overlap the transfers with generation
-        // this has higher average performance but lower peak performance
-        // in tested environments.
-        if !sustained {
-            while shared_tx_active_thread_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) > 0 {
-                sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
-            }
-        }
-        // It's not feasible (would take too much time) to confirm each of the `tx_count / 2`
-        // transactions sent by `generate_txs()` so instead send and confirm a single transaction
-        // to validate the network is still functional.
-        send_barrier_transaction(
-            &mut barrier_client,
-            &mut blockhash,
-            &barrier_source_keypair,
-            &barrier_dest_id,
-        );
-
-        i += 1;
-        if should_switch_directions(num_lamports_per_account, i) {
-            reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account = !reclaim_lamports_back_to_source_account;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Stop the sampling threads so it will collect the stats
-    exit_signal.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-    println!("Waiting for validator threads...");
-    for t in v_threads {
-        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
-            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // join the tx send threads
-    println!("Waiting for transmit threads...");
-    for t in s_threads {
-        if let Err(err) = t.join() {
-            println!("  join() failed with: {:?}", err);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let balance = client.poll_get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0);
-    metrics_submit_lamport_balance(balance);
-
-    compute_and_report_stats(
-        &maxes,
-        sample_period,
-        &start.elapsed(),
-        total_tx_sent_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
-    );
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_switch_directions() {
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 0), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 1), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 14), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 15), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 16), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 19), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 20), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 21), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 99), false);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 100), true);
-        assert_eq!(should_switch_directions(20, 101), false);
-    }
+    do_bench_tps(cfg);
 }

benches/append_vec.rs

@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-#![feature(test)]
-
-extern crate rand;
-extern crate test;
-
-use bincode::{deserialize, serialize_into, serialized_size};
-use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use solana_runtime::append_vec::{
-    deserialize_account, get_serialized_size, serialize_account, AppendVec,
-};
-use solana_sdk::account::Account;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use std::env;
-use std::io::Cursor;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::thread::spawn;
-use test::Bencher;
-
-const START_SIZE: u64 = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
-const INC_SIZE: u64 = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-macro_rules! align_up {
-    ($addr: expr, $align: expr) => {
-        ($addr + ($align - 1)) & !($align - 1)
-    };
-}
-
-fn get_append_vec_bench_path(path: &str) -> PathBuf {
-    let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "target".to_string());
-    let mut buf = PathBuf::new();
-    buf.push(&format!("{}/{}", out_dir, path));
-    buf
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_append");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_access(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_ra");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for _ in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size as u64);
-        vec.get(index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>() as u64);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_change(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_rax");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for k in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(k)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(k)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size as u64);
-        let atomic1 = vec.get(index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>() as u64);
-        let current1 = atomic1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current1, index as usize);
-        let next = current1 + 1;
-        let mut index = vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(next));
-        if index.is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            index = vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(next));
-        }
-        let atomic2 = vec.get(index.unwrap());
-        let current2 = atomic2.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current2, next);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_atomic_random_read(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_read");
-    let mut vec = AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(&path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE);
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    for _ in 0..size {
-        if vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-            assert!(vec.grow_file().is_ok());
-            assert!(vec.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_some());
-        }
-    }
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, size);
-        let atomic1 = vec.get((index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>()) as u64);
-        let current1 = atomic1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert_eq!(current1, 0);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_concurrent_lock_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_lock_append");
-    let vec = Arc::new(RwLock::new(AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(
-        &path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE,
-    )));
-    let vec1 = vec.clone();
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    let count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let count1 = count.clone();
-    spawn(move || loop {
-        let mut len = count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        {
-            let rlock = vec1.read().unwrap();
-            loop {
-                if rlock.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-                    break;
-                }
-                len = count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            }
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        {
-            let mut wlock = vec1.write().unwrap();
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-            assert!(wlock.grow_file().is_ok());
-        }
-    });
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let _rlock = vec.read().unwrap();
-        let len = count1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        assert!(len < size * 2);
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn append_vec_concurrent_get_append(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let path = get_append_vec_bench_path("bench_get_append");
-    let vec = Arc::new(RwLock::new(AppendVec::<AtomicUsize>::new(
-        &path, true, START_SIZE, INC_SIZE,
-    )));
-    let vec1 = vec.clone();
-    let size = 1_000_000;
-    let count = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let count1 = count.clone();
-    spawn(move || loop {
-        let mut len = count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        {
-            let rlock = vec1.read().unwrap();
-            loop {
-                if rlock.append(AtomicUsize::new(0)).is_none() {
-                    break;
-                }
-                len = count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            }
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        {
-            let mut wlock = vec1.write().unwrap();
-            if len >= size {
-                break;
-            }
-            assert!(wlock.grow_file().is_ok());
-        }
-    });
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        let rlock = vec.read().unwrap();
-        let len = count1.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        if len > 0 {
-            let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, len);
-            rlock.get((index * std::mem::size_of::<AtomicUsize>()) as u64);
-        }
-    });
-    std::fs::remove_file(path).unwrap();
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn bench_account_serialize(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let num: usize = 1000;
-    let account = Account::new(2, 100, &Keypair::new().pubkey());
-    let len = get_serialized_size(&account);
-    let ser_len = align_up!(len + std::mem::size_of::<u64>(), std::mem::size_of::<u64>());
-    let mut memory = vec![0; num * ser_len];
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        for i in 0..num {
-            let start = i * ser_len;
-            serialize_account(&mut memory[start..start + ser_len], &account, len);
-        }
-    });
-
-    // make sure compiler doesn't delete the code.
-    let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, num);
-    if memory[index] != 0 {
-        println!("memory: {}", memory[index]);
-    }
-
-    let start = index * ser_len;
-    let new_account = deserialize_account(&memory[start..start + ser_len], 0, num * len).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(new_account, account);
-}
-
-#[bench]
-fn bench_account_serialize_bincode(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-    let num: usize = 1000;
-    let account = Account::new(2, 100, &Keypair::new().pubkey());
-    let len = serialized_size(&account).unwrap() as usize;
-    let mut memory = vec![0u8; num * len];
-    bencher.iter(|| {
-        for i in 0..num {
-            let start = i * len;
-            let cursor = Cursor::new(&mut memory[start..start + len]);
-            serialize_into(cursor, &account).unwrap();
-        }
-    });
-
-    // make sure compiler doesn't delete the code.
-    let index = thread_rng().gen_range(0, len);
-    if memory[index] != 0 {
-        println!("memory: {}", memory[index]);
-    }
-
-    let start = index * len;
-    let new_account: Account = deserialize(&memory[start..start + len]).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(new_account, account);
-}

book/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+theme/highlight.js binary

book/art/fullnode.bob

@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
       |      |     |                |               | |  | Downstream |  |
       |      |  .--+--.     .-------+---.           | |  | Validators |  |
       `-------->| TPU +---->| Broadcast +--------------->|            |  |
-             |  `-----`     | Service   |           | |  `------------`  |
+             |  `-----`     | Stage     |           | |  `------------`  |
              |              `-----------`           | `------------------`
              `--------------------------------------`

book/art/passive-staking-callflow.msc

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+msc {
+  hscale="2.2";
+   VoteSigner,
+   Validator,
+   Cluster,
+   StakerX,
+   StakerY;
+
+   |||;
+  Validator box Validator [label="boot.."];
+
+  VoteSigner <:> Validator [label="register\n\n(optional)"];
+  Validator => Cluster [label="VoteState::Initialize(VoteSigner)"];
+  StakerX => Cluster [label="StakeState::Delegate(Validator)"];
+  StakerY => Cluster [label="StakeState::Delegate(Validator)"];
+
+     |||;
+  Validator box Cluster [label="\nvalidate\n"];
+  Validator => VoteSigner [label="sign(vote)"];
+  VoteSigner >> Validator [label="signed vote"];
+
+  Validator => Cluster [label="gossip(vote)"];
+  ...;
+  ... ;
+  Validator abox Validator [label="\nmax\nlockout\n"];
+       |||;
+  StakerX => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"];
+  StakerY => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"] ;
+
+}

book/art/tpu.bob

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-             .-------------------------------------------.
-             |  TPU                     .-------------.  |
-             |                          | PoH Service |  |
-             |                          `--------+----`  |
-             |                              ^    |       |
-             |                              |    v       |
-             |  .-------.  .-----------.  .-+-------.    |  .------------.
- .---------. |  | Fetch |  | SigVerify |  | Banking |    |  | Broadcast  |
- | Clients |--->| Stage |->| Stage     |->| Stage   |------>| Service    |
- `---------` |  |       |  |           |  |         |    |  |            |
-             |  `-------`  `-----------`  `----+----`    |  `------------`
-             |                                 |         |
-             `---------------------------------|---------`
+
+                                        .-------------.
+                                        | PoH Service |
+                                        `--------+----`
+                                            ^    |
+             .------------------------------|----|--------------------.
+             | TPU                          |    v                    |
+             |  .-------.  .-----------.  .-+-------.  .-----------.  |  .------------.
+ .---------. |  | Fetch |  | SigVerify |  | Banking |  | Broadcast |  |  | Downstream |
+ | Clients |--->| Stage |->| Stage     |->| Stage   |->| Stage     |---->| Validators |
+ `---------` |  |       |  |           |  |         |  |           |  |  |            |
+             |  `-------`  `-----------`  `----+----`  `-----------`  |  `------------`
+             |                                 |                      |
+             `---------------------------------|----------------------`
                                                |
                                                v
                                             .------.

book/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -34,14 +34,13 @@
   - [JavaScript API](javascript-api.md)
   - [solana-wallet CLI](wallet.md)
 
-- [Proposed Architectural Changes](proposals.md)
+- [Accepted Design Proposals](proposals.md)
   - [Ledger Replication](ledger-replication-to-implement.md)
   - [Secure Vote Signing](vote-signing-to-implement.md)
   - [Staking Rewards](staking-rewards.md)
-  - [Fork Selection](fork-selection.md)
+  - [Passive Stake Delegation and Rewards](passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
   - [Reliable Vote Transmission](reliable-vote-transmission.md)
   - [Persistent Account Storage](persistent-account-storage.md)
-  - [Leader to Leader Transition](leader-leader-transition.md)
   - [Cluster Economics](ed_overview.md)
     - [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md)
       - [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md)
@@ -53,7 +52,16 @@
       - [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md)
     - [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md)
     - [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md)
+	- [Economic Design MVP](ed_mvp.md)
     - [References](ed_references.md)
-  - [Leader-to-Validator Transition](leader-validator-transition.md)
   - [Cluster Test Framework](cluster-test-framework.md)
   - [Testing Programs](testing-programs.md)
+  - [Credit-only Accounts](credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md)
+  - [Cluster Software Installation and Updates](installer.md)
+  - [Deterministic Transaction Fees](transaction-fees.md)
+
+- [Implemented Design Proposals](implemented-proposals.md)
+  - [Fork Selection](fork-selection.md)
+  - [Leader-to-Leader Transition](leader-leader-transition.md)
+  - [Leader-to-Validator Transition](leader-validator-transition.md)
+  - [Testnet Participation](testnet-participation.md)

book/src/cluster-test-framework.md

@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ At test start, the cluster has already been established and is fully connected.
 The test can discover most of the available nodes over a few second.
 
 ```rust,ignore
-use crate::gossip_service::discover;
+use crate::gossip_service::discover_nodes;
 
 // Discover the cluster over a few seconds.
-let cluster_nodes = discover(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
 ```
 
 ## Cluster Configuration
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ pub fn test_large_invalid_gossip_nodes(
     funding_keypair: &Keypair,
     num_nodes: usize,
 ) {
-    let cluster = discover(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+    let cluster = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
 
     // Poison the cluster.
-    let mut client = mk_client(&entry_point_info);
+    let client = create_client(entry_point_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     for _ in 0..(num_nodes * 100) {
         client.gossip_push(
             cluster_info::invalid_contact_info()
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn test_large_invalid_gossip_nodes(
 
     // Force refresh of the active set.
     for node in &cluster {
-        let mut client = mk_client(&node);
+        let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
         client.gossip_refresh_active_set();
     }
 

book/src/credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Credit-Only Accounts
+
+This design covers the handling of credit-only and credit-debit accounts in the
+[runtime](runtime.md).  Accounts already distinguish themselves as credit-only or
+credit-debit based on the program ID specified by the transaction's instruction.
+Programs must treat accounts that are not owned by them as credit-only.
+
+To identify credit-only accounts by program id would require the account to be
+fetched and loaded from disk.  This operation is expensive, and while it is
+occurring, the runtime would have to reject any transactions referencing the same
+account.
+
+The proposal introduces a `num_readonly_accounts` field to the transaction
+structure, and removes the `program_ids` dedicated vector for program accounts.
+
+This design doesn't change the runtime transaction processing rules.
+Programs still can't write or spend accounts that they do not own, but it
+allows the runtime to optimistically take the correct lock for each account
+specified in the transaction before loading the accounts from storage.
+
+Accounts selected as credit-debit by the transaction can still be treated as
+credit-only by the instructions.
+
+## Runtime handling
+
+credit-only accounts have the following properties:
+
+* Can be deposited into:  Deposits can be implemented as a simple `atomic_add`.
+* read-only access to account data.
+
+Instructions that debit or modify the credit-only account data will fail.
+
+## Account Lock Optimizations
+
+The Accounts module keeps track of current locked accounts in the runtime,
+which separates credit-only accounts from the credit-debit accounts.  The credit-only
+accounts can be cached in memory and shared between all the threads executing
+transactions.
+
+The current runtime can't predict whether an account is credit-only or credit-debit when
+the transaction account keys are locked at the start of the transaction
+processing pipeline.  Accounts referenced by the transaction have not been
+loaded from the disk yet.
+
+An ideal design would cache the credit-only accounts while they are referenced by
+any transaction moving through the runtime, and release the cache when the last
+transaction exits the runtime.
+
+## Credit-only accounts and read-only account data
+
+Credit-only account data can be treated as read-only. Credit-debit
+account data is treated as read-write.
+
+## Transaction changes
+
+To enable the possibility of caching accounts only while they are in the
+runtime, the Transaction structure should be changed in the following way:
+
+* `program_ids: Vec<Pubkey>` - This vector is removed.  Program keys can be
+placed at the end of the `account_keys` vector within the `num_readonly_accounts`
+number set to the number of programs.
+
+* `num_readonly_accounts: u8` - The number of keys from the **end** of the
+transaction's `account_keys` array that is credit-only.
+
+The following possible accounts are present in an transaction:
+
+* paying account
+* RW accounts
+* R accounts
+* Program IDs
+
+The paying account must be credit-debit, and program IDs must be credit-only.  The
+first account in the `account_keys` array is always the account that pays for
+the transaction fee, therefore it cannot be credit-only.  For these reasons the
+credit-only accounts are all grouped together at the end of the `account_keys`
+vector.  Counting credit-only accounts from the end allow for the default `0`
+value to still be functionally correct, since a transaction will succeed with
+all credit-debit accounts.
+
+Since accounts can only appear once in the transaction's `account_keys` array,
+an account can only be credit-only or credit-debit in a single transaction, not
+both.  The runtime treats a transaction as one atomic unit of execution. If any
+instruction needs credit-debit access to an account, a copy needs to be made. The
+write lock is held for the entire time the transaction is being processed by
+the runtime.
+
+## Starvation
+
+Read locks for credit-only accounts can keep the runtime from executing
+transactions requesting a write lock to a credit-debit account.
+
+When a request for a write lock is made while a read lock is open, the
+transaction requesting the write lock should be cached.  Upon closing the read
+lock, the pending transactions can be pushed through the runtime.
+
+While a pending write transaction exists, any additional read lock requests for
+that account should fail.  It follows that any other write lock requests will also 
+fail.  Currently, clients must retransmit when a transaction fails because of 
+a pending transaction.  This approach would mimic that behavior as closely as
+possible while preventing write starvation.
+
+## Program execution with credit-only accounts
+
+Before handing off the accounts to program execution, the runtime can mark each
+account in each instruction as a credit-only account.  The credit-only accounts can
+be passed as references without an extra copy.  The transaction will abort on a
+write to credit-only.
+
+An alternative is to detect writes to credit-only accounts and fail the
+transactions before commit.
+
+## Alternative design
+
+This design attempts to cache a credit-only account after loading without the use
+of a transaction-specified credit-only accounts list.  Instead, the credit-only
+accounts are held in a reference-counted table inside the runtime as the
+transactions are processed.
+
+1. Transaction accounts are locked.
+    a. If the account is present in the ‘credit-only' table, the TX does not fail.
+       The pending state for this TX is marked NeedReadLock.
+2. Transaction accounts are loaded.
+    a. Transaction accounts that are credit-only increase their reference
+       count in the `credit-only` table.
+    b. Transaction accounts that need a write lock and are present in the
+       `credit-only` table fail.
+3. Transaction accounts are unlocked.
+    a. Decrement the `credit-only` lock table reference count; remove if its 0
+    b. Remove from the `lock` set if the account is not in the `credit-only`
+       table.
+
+The downside with this approach is that if the `lock` set mutex is released
+between lock and load to allow better pipelining of transactions, a request for
+a credit-only account may fail. Therefore, this approach is not suitable for
+treating programs as credit-only accounts.
+
+Holding the accounts lock mutex while fetching the account from disk would
+potentially have a significant performance hit on the runtime. Fetching from
+disk is expected to be slow, but can be parallelized between multiple disks.

book/src/ed_mvp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## Proposed MVP of Economic Design
+
+The preceeding sections, outlined in the [Economic Design Overview](ed_overview.md), describe a long-term vision of a sustainable Solana economy. Of course, we don't expect the final implementation to perfectly match what has been described above. We intend to fully engage with network stakeholders throughout the implementation phases (i.e. pre-testnet, testnet, mainnet) to ensure the system supports, and is representative of, the various network participants' interests. The first step toward this goal, however, is outlining a some desired MVP economic features to be available for early pre-testnet and testnet participants. Below is a rough sketch outlining basic economic functionality from which a more complete and functional system can be developed.
+
+### MVP Economic Features
+
+* Faucet to deliver testnet SOLs to validators for staking and dapp development.
+* Mechanism by which validators are rewarded in proportion to their stake. Interest rate mechansism (i.e. to be determined by total % staked) to come later.
+* Ability to delegate tokens to validator nodes.
+* Replicators to receive fixed, arbitrary reward for submitting validated PoReps. Reward size mechanism (i.e. PoRep reward as a function of total ledger redundancy) to come later.
+* Pooling of replicator PoRep transaction fees and weighted distribution to validators based on PoRep verification (see [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). It will be useful to test this protection against attacks on testnet.
+* Nice-to-have: auto-delegation of replicator rewards to validator.

book/src/ed_overview.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ These protocol-based rewards, to be distributed to participating validation and
 
 Transaction fees are market-based participant-to-participant transfers, attached to network interactions as a necessary motivation and compensation for the inclusion and execution of a proposed transaction (be it a state execution or proof-of-replication verification). A mechanism for continuous and long-term funding of the mining pool through a pre-dedicated portion of transaction fees is also discussed below.
 
-A high-level schematic of Solana’s crypto-economic design is shown below in **Figure 1**. The specifics of validation-client economics are described in sections: [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md), [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md), [State-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_state_validation_transaction_fees.md) and [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). Also, the chapter titled [Validation Stake Delegation](ed_vce_validation_stake_delegation.md) closes with a discussion of validator delegation opportunties and marketplace. The [Replication-client Economics](ed_replication_client_economics.md) chapter will review the Solana network design for global ledger storage/redundancy and replicator-client economics ([Storage-replication rewards](ed_rce_storage_replication_rewards.md)) along with a replicator-to-validator delegation mechanism designed to aide participant on-boarding into the Solana economy discussed in [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md). The [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md) section dives deeper into Solana’s design for long-term economic sustainability and outlines the constraints and conditions for a self-sustaining economy. Finally, in chapter [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md), various attack vectors will be described and potential vulnerabilities explored and parameterized.
+A high-level schematic of Solana’s crypto-economic design is shown below in **Figure 1**. The specifics of validation-client economics are described in sections: [Validation-client Economics](ed_validation_client_economics.md), [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md), [State-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_state_validation_transaction_fees.md) and [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md). Also, the chapter titled [Validation Stake Delegation](ed_vce_validation_stake_delegation.md) closes with a discussion of validator delegation opportunties and marketplace. The [Replication-client Economics](ed_replication_client_economics.md) chapter will review the Solana network design for global ledger storage/redundancy and replicator-client economics ([Storage-replication rewards](ed_rce_storage_replication_rewards.md)) along with a replicator-to-validator delegation mechanism designed to aide participant on-boarding into the Solana economy discussed in [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md). The [Economic Sustainability](ed_economic_sustainability.md) section dives deeper into Solana’s design for long-term economic sustainability and outlines the constraints and conditions for a self-sustaining economy. An outline of features for an MVP economic design is discussed in the [Economic Design MVP](ed_mvp.md) section. Finally, in chapter [Attack Vectors](ed_attack_vectors.md), various attack vectors will be described and potential vulnerabilities explored and parameterized.
 
 <!-- ![img alt text](solana_economic_design.png) -->
 <p style="text-align:center;"><img src="img/solana_economic_design.png" alt="== Solana Economic Design Diagram ==" width="800"/></p>

book/src/getting-started.md

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ This will dump all the threads stack traces into gdb.txt
 In this example the client connects to our public testnet. To run validators on the testnet you would need to open udp ports `8000-10000`.
 
 ```bash
-$ ./multinode-demo/client.sh --network $(dig +short testnet.solana.com):8001 --duration 60
+$ ./multinode-demo/client.sh --network testnet.solana.com:8001 --duration 60
 ```
 
 You can observe the effects of your client's transactions on our [dashboard](https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/testnet/testnet-hud?orgId=2&from=now-30m&to=now&refresh=5s&var-testnet=testnet)

book/src/implemented-proposals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Implemented Design Proposals
+
+The following design proposals are fully implemented.

book/src/installer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+## Cluster Software Installation and Updates
+Currently users are required to build the solana cluster software themselves
+from the git repository and manually update it, which is error prone and
+inconvenient.
+
+This document proposes an easy to use software install and updater that can be
+used to deploy pre-built binaries for supported platforms.  Users may elect to
+use binaries supplied by Solana or any other party they trust.  Deployment of
+updates is managed using an on-chain update manifest program.
+
+### Motivating Examples
+#### Fetch and run a pre-built installer using a bootstrap curl/shell script
+The easiest install method for supported platforms:
+```bash
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.13.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh
+```
+
+This script will check github for the latest tagged release and download and run the
+`solana-install` binary from there.
+
+
+If additional arguments need to be specified during the installation, the
+following shell syntax is used:
+```bash
+$ init_args=.... # arguments for `solana-installer init ...`
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.13.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | sh -s - ${init_args}
+```
+
+#### Fetch and run a pre-built installer from a Github release
+With a well-known release URL, a pre-built binary can be obtained for supported
+platforms:
+
+```bash
+$ curl -o solana-install https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/download/v0.13.0/solana-install-x86_64-apple-darwin
+$ chmod +x ./solana-install
+$ ./solana-install --help
+```
+
+#### Build and run the installer from source
+If a pre-built binary is not available for a given platform, building the
+installer from source is always an option:
+```bash
+$ git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
+$ cd solana/install
+$ cargo run -- --help
+```
+
+#### Deploy a new update to a cluster
+Given a solana release tarball (as created by `ci/publish-tarball.sh`) that has already been uploaded to a publicly accessible URL,
+the following commands will deploy the update:
+```bash
+$ solana-keygen -o update-manifest.json  # <-- only generated once, the public key is shared with users
+$ solana-install deploy http://example.com/path/to/solana-release.tar.bz2 update-manifest.json
+```
+
+#### Run a validator node that auto updates itself
+```bash
+$ solana-install init --pubkey 92DMonmBYXwEMHJ99c9ceRSpAmk9v6i3RdvDdXaVcrfj  # <-- pubkey is obtained from whoever is deploying the updates
+$ export PATH=~/.local/share/solana-install/bin:$PATH
+$ solana-keygen ...  # <-- runs the latest solana-keygen
+$ solana-install run solana-fullnode ...  # <-- runs a fullnode, restarting it as necesary when an update is applied
+```
+
+### On-chain Update Manifest
+An update manifest is used to advertise the deployment of new release tarballs
+on a solana cluster.  The update manifest is stored using the `config` program,
+and each update manifest account describes a logical update channel for a given
+target triple (eg, `x86_64-apple-darwin`).  The account public key is well-known
+between the entity deploying new updates and users consuming those updates.
+
+The update tarball itself is hosted elsewhere, off-chain and can be fetched from
+the specified `download_url`.
+
+```rust,ignore
+use solana_sdk::signature::Signature;
+
+/// Information required to download and apply a given update
+pub struct UpdateManifest {
+    pub timestamp_secs: u64, // When the release was deployed in seconds since UNIX EPOCH
+    pub download_url: String, // Download URL to the release tar.bz2
+    pub download_sha256: String, // SHA256 digest of the release tar.bz2 file
+}
+
+/// Userdata of an Update Manifest program Account.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SignedUpdateManifest {
+    pub manifest: UpdateManifest,
+    pub manifest_signature: Signature,
+}
+
+```
+
+Note that the `manifest` field itself contains a corresponding signature
+(`manifest_signature`) to guard against man-in-the-middle attacks between the
+`solana-install` tool and the solana cluster RPC API.
+
+To guard against rollback attacks, `solana-install` will refuse to install an
+update with an older `timestamp_secs` than what is currently installed.
+
+### Release Archive Contents
+A release archive is expected to be a tar file compressed with
+bzip2 with the following internal structure:
+
+* `/version.yml` - a simple YAML file containing the field `"target"` - the
+  target tuple.  Any additional fields are ignored.
+* `/bin/` -- directory containing available programs in the release.
+  `solana-install` will symlink this directory to
+  `~/.local/share/solana-install/bin` for use by the `PATH` environment
+  variable.
+* `...` -- any additional files and directories are permitted
+
+### solana-install Tool
+The `solana-install` tool is used by the user to install and update their cluster software.
+
+It manages the following files and directories in the user's home directory:
+* `~/.config/solana/install/config.yml` - user configuration and information about currently installed software version
+* `~/.local/share/solana/install/bin` - a symlink to the current release. eg, `~/.local/share/solana-update/<update-pubkey>-<manifest_signature>/bin`
+* `~/.local/share/solana/install/releases/<download_sha256>/` - contents of a release
+
+#### Command-line Interface
+```manpage
+solana-install 0.13.0
+The solana cluster software installer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install [OPTIONS] <SUBCOMMAND>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -c, --config <PATH>    Configuration file to use [default: /Users/mvines/Library/Preferences/solana/install.yml]
+
+SUBCOMMANDS:
+    deploy    deploys a new update
+    help      Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+    info      displays information about the current installation
+    init      initializes a new installation
+    run       Runs a program while periodically checking and applying software updates
+    update    checks for an update, and if available downloads and applies it
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-init
+initializes a new installation
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install init [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -d, --data_dir <PATH>    Directory to store install data [default: /Users/mvines/Library/Application Support/solana]
+    -u, --url <URL>          JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster [default: https://api.testnet.solana.com/]
+    -p, --pubkey <PUBKEY>    Public key of the update manifest [default: 9XX329sPuskWhH4DQh6k16c87dHKhXLBZTL3Gxmve8Gp]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-info
+displays information about the current installation
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install info [FLAGS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help     Prints help information
+    -l, --local    only display local information, don't check the cluster for new updates
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-deploy
+deploys a new update
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install deploy <download_url> <update_manifest_keypair>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+ARGS:
+    <download_url>               URL to the solana release archive
+    <update_manifest_keypair>    Keypair file for the update manifest (/path/to/keypair.json)
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-update
+checks for an update, and if available downloads and applies it
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install update
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-install-run
+Runs a program while periodically checking and applying software updates
+
+USAGE:
+    solana-install run <program_name> [program_arguments]...
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help    Prints help information
+
+ARGS:
+    <program_name>            program to run
+    <program_arguments>...    arguments to supply to the program
+
+The program will be restarted upon a successful software update
+```

book/src/jsonrpc-api.md

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Methods
 * [getBalance](#getbalance)
 * [getRecentBlockhash](#getrecentblockhash)
 * [getSignatureStatus](#getsignaturestatus)
+* [getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation](#getnumblockssincesignatureconfirmation)
 * [getTransactionCount](#gettransactioncount)
 * [requestAirdrop](#requestairdrop)
 * [sendTransaction](#sendtransaction)
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:
 
 * `lamports`, number of lamports assigned to this account, as a signed 64-bit integer
 * `owner`, array of 32 bytes representing the program this account has been assigned to
-* `userdata`, array of bytes representing any userdata associated with the account
+* `data`, array of bytes representing any data associated with the account
 * `executable`, boolean indicating if the account contains a program (and is strictly read-only)
 * `loader`, array of 32 bytes representing the loader for this program (if `executable`), otherwise all
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:
 curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getAccountInfo", "params":["2gVkYWexTHR5Hb2aLeQN3tnngvWzisFKXDUPrgMHpdST"]}' http://localhost:8899
 
 // Result
-{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"userdata":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"id":1}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"id":1}
 ```
 
 ---
@@ -168,12 +169,10 @@ events.
 * `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
 
 ##### Results:
-* `string` - Transaction status:
-    * `Confirmed` - Transaction was successful
-    * `SignatureNotFound` - Unknown transaction
-    * `ProgramRuntimeError` - An error occurred in the program that processed this Transaction
-    * `AccountInUse` - Another Transaction had a write lock one of the Accounts specified in this Transaction.  The Transaction may succeed if retried
-    * `GenericFailure` - Some other error occurred.  **Note**: In the future new Transaction statuses may be added to this list.  It's safe to assume that all new statuses will be more specific error conditions that previously presented as `GenericFailure`
+* `null` - Unknown transaction
+* `object` - Transaction status:
+    * `"Ok": null` - Transaction was successful
+    * `"Err": <ERR>` - Transaction failed with TransactionError <ERR> [TransactionError definitions](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/src/transaction.rs#L14)
 
 ##### Example:
 ```bash
@@ -185,6 +184,27 @@ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "
 ```
 
 ---
+
+### getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation
+Returns the current number of blocks since signature has been confirmed.
+
+##### Parameters:
+* `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
+
+##### Results:
+* `integer` - count, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+##### Example:
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation", "params":["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":8,"id":1}
+```
+
+---
+
 ### getTransactionCount
 Returns the current Transaction count from the ledger
 
@@ -254,7 +274,7 @@ After connect to the RPC PubSub websocket at `ws://<ADDRESS>/`:
 ---
 
 ### accountSubscribe
-Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when the lamports or userdata
+Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when the lamports or data
 for a given account public key changes
 
 ##### Parameters:
@@ -274,7 +294,7 @@ for a given account public key changes
 
 ##### Notification Format:
 ```bash
-{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "accountNotification", "params": {"result": {"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"userdata":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"subscription":0}}
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "accountNotification", "params": {"result": {"executable":false,"loader":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"subscription":0}}
 ```
 
 ---
@@ -300,7 +320,7 @@ Unsubscribe from account change notifications
 ---
 
 ### programSubscribe
-Subscribe to a program to receive notifications when the lamports or userdata
+Subscribe to a program to receive notifications when the lamports or data
 for a given account owned by the program changes
 
 ##### Parameters:
@@ -322,7 +342,7 @@ for a given account owned by the program changes
 * `string` - account Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
 * `object` - account info JSON object (see [getAccountInfo](#getaccountinfo) for field details)
 ```bash
-{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"programNotification","params":{{"result":["8Rshv2oMkPu5E4opXTRyuyBeZBqQ4S477VG26wUTFxUM",{"executable":false,"lamports":1,"owner":[129,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"userdata":[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,49,56,45,49,50,45,50,52,84,50,51,58,53,57,58,48,48,90,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,55,89,0,0,0,0,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,45,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}],"subscription":0}}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"programNotification","params":{{"result":["8Rshv2oMkPu5E4opXTRyuyBeZBqQ4S477VG26wUTFxUM",{"executable":false,"lamports":1,"owner":[129,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"data":[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,49,56,45,49,50,45,50,52,84,50,51,58,53,57,58,48,48,90,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,55,89,0,0,0,0,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,45,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}],"subscription":0}}
 ```
 
 ---

book/src/passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Stake Delegation and Reward
+
+This design proposal focuses on the software architecture for the on-chain
+voting and staking programs.  Incentives for staking is covered in [staking
+rewards](staking-rewards.md).
+
+The current architecture requires a vote for each delegated stake from the
+validator, and therefore does not scale to allow replicator clients to
+automatically delegate their rewards.
+
+The design proposes a new set of programs for voting and stake delegation, The
+proposed programs allow many stake accounts to passively earn rewards with a
+single validator vote without permission or active involvement from the
+validator.
+
+## Current Design Problems
+
+In the current design each staker creates their own VoteState, and assigns a
+**delegate** in the VoteState that can submit votes.  Since the validator has to
+actively vote for each stake delegated to it, validators can censor stakes by
+not voting for them.
+
+The number of votes is equal to the number of stakers, and not the number of
+validators.  Replicator clients are expected to delegate their replication
+rewards as they are earned, and therefore the number of stakes is expected to be
+large compared to the number of validators in a long running cluster.
+
+## Proposed changes to the current design.
+
+The general idea is that instead of the staker, the validator will own the
+VoteState program. In this proposal the VoteState program is there to track
+validator votes, count validator generated credits and to provide any
+additional validator specific state.  The VoteState program is not aware of any
+stakes delegated to it, and has no staking weight.
+
+The rewards generated are proportional to the amount of lamports staked.  In
+this proposal stake state is stored as part of the StakeState program. This
+program is owned by the staker only.  Lamports stored in this program are the
+stake.  Unlike the current design, this program contains a new field to indicate
+which VoteState program the stake is delegated to.
+
+### VoteState
+
+VoteState is the current state of all the votes the **delegate** has submitted
+to the bank.  VoteState contains the following state information:
+
+* votes - The submitted votes data structure.
+
+* credits - The total number of rewards this vote program has generated over its
+lifetime.
+
+* root\_slot - The last slot to reach the full lockout commitment necessary for
+rewards.
+
+* commission - The commission taken by this VoteState for any rewards claimed by
+staker's StakeState accounts.  This is the percentage ceiling of the reward.
+
+* Account::lamports - The accumulated lamports from the commission.  These do not
+count as stakes.
+
+* `authorized_vote_signer` - Only this identity is authorized to submit votes, and
+this field can only modified by this entity
+
+### VoteInstruction::Initialize
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is initialized to `account[0]`
+   other VoteState members defaulted
+
+### VoteInstruction::AuthorizeVoteSigner(Pubkey)
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The VoteState
+  `VoteState::authorized_vote_signer` is set to to `Pubkey`, instruction must by
+   signed by Pubkey
+
+
+### StakeState
+
+A StakeState takes one of two forms, StakeState::Delegate and StakeState::MiningPool.
+
+### StakeState::Delegate
+
+StakeState is the current delegation preference of the **staker**. StakeState
+contains the following state information:
+
+* Account::lamports - The staked lamports.
+
+* `voter_id` - The pubkey of the VoteState instance the lamports are
+delegated to.
+
+* `credits_observed` - The total credits claimed over the lifetime of the
+program.
+
+### StakeState::MiningPool
+
+There are two approaches to the mining pool.  The bank could allow the
+StakeState program to bypass the token balance check, or a program representing
+the mining pool could run on the network.  To avoid a single network wide lock,
+the pool can be split into several mining pools.  This design focuses on using a
+StakeState::MiningPool as the cluster wide mining pools.
+
+* 256 StakeState::MiningPool are initialized, each with 1/256 number of mining pool
+tokens stored as `Account::lamports`.
+
+The stakes and the MiningPool are accounts that are owned by the same `Stake`
+program.
+
+### StakeInstruction::Initialize
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance.
+  `StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is initialized to `VoteState::credits`.
+  `StakeState::Delegate::voter_id` is initialized to `account[1]`
+
+* `account[1]` - R - The VoteState instance.
+
+### StakeInstruction::RedeemVoteCredits
+
+The VoteState program and the StakeState programs maintain a lifetime counter
+of total rewards generated and claimed.  Therefore an explicit `Clear`
+instruction is not necessary.  When claiming rewards, the total lamports
+deposited into the StakeState and as validator commission is proportional to
+`VoteState::credits - StakeState::credits_observed`.
+
+
+* `account[0]` - RW - The StakeState::MiningPool instance that will fulfill the
+reward.
+* `account[1]` - RW - The StakeState::Delegate instance that is redeeming votes
+credits.
+* `account[2]` - R - The VoteState instance, must be the same as
+`StakeState::voter_id`
+
+Reward is payed out for the difference between `VoteState::credits` to
+`StakeState::Delgate.credits_observed`, and `credits_observed` is updated to
+`VoteState::credits`.  The commission is deposited into the `VoteState` token
+balance, and the reward is deposited to the `StakeState::Delegate` token balance.  The
+reward and the commission is weighted by the `StakeState::lamports` divided by total lamports staked.
+
+The Staker or the owner of the Stake program sends a transaction with this
+instruction to claim the reward.
+
+Any random MiningPool can be used to redeem the credits.
+
+```rust,ignore
+let credits_to_claim = vote_state.credits - stake_state.credits_observed;
+stake_state.credits_observed = vote_state.credits;
+```
+
+`credits_to_claim` is used to compute the reward and commission, and
+`StakeState::Delegate::credits_observed` is updated to the latest
+`VoteState::credits` value.
+
+### Collecting network fees into the MiningPool
+
+At the end of the block, before the bank is frozen, but after it processed all
+the transactions for the block, a virtual instruction is executed to collect
+the transaction fees.
+
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the leader's account.
+* A portion of the fees are deposited into the smallest StakeState::MiningPool
+account.
+
+### Benefits
+
+* Single vote for all the stakers.
+
+* Clearing of the credit variable is not necessary for claiming rewards.
+
+* Each delegated stake can claim its rewards independently.
+
+* Commission for the work is deposited when a reward is claimed by the delegated
+stake.
+
+This proposal would benefit from the `read-only` accounts proposal to allow for
+many rewards to be claimed concurrently.
+
+## Passive Delegation
+
+Any number of instances of StakeState::Delegate programs can delegate to a single
+VoteState program without an interactive action from the identity controlling
+the VoteState program or submitting votes to the program.
+
+The total stake allocated to a VoteState program can be calculated by the sum of
+all the StakeState programs that have the VoteState pubkey as the
+`StakeState::Delegate::voter_id`.
+
+## Example Callflow
+
+<img alt="Passive Staking Callflow" src="img/passive-staking-callflow.svg" class="center"/>
+
+## Future work
+
+Validators may want to split the stake delegated to them amongst many validator
+nodes since stake is used as weight in the network control and data planes.  One
+way to implement this would be for the StakeState to delegate to a pool of
+validators instead of a single one.
+
+Instead of a single `vote_id` and `credits_observed` entry in the StakeState
+program, the program can be initialized with a vector of tuples.
+
+```rust,ignore
+Voter {
+    voter_id: Pubkey,
+    credits_observed: u64,
+    weight: u8,
+}
+```
+
+* voters: Vec<Voter> - Array of VoteState accounts that are voting rewards with
+this stake.
+
+A StakeState program would claim a fraction of the reward from each voter in
+the `voters` array, and each voter would be delegated a fraction of the stake.

book/src/reliable-vote-transmission.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ retransmitted twice around the network.
 
 4. CrdsValue for vote should look like this ``` Votes(Vec<Transaction>) ```
 
-Each vote transaction should maintain a `wallclock` in its userdata.  The merge
+Each vote transaction should maintain a `wallclock` in its data.  The merge
 strategy for Votes will keep the last N set of votes as configured by the local
 client.  For push/pull the vector is traversed recursively and each Transaction
 is treated as an individual CrdsValue with its own local wallclock and

book/src/runtime.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ separating program code from the state it operates on, the runtime is able to
 choreograph concurrent access. Transactions accessing only credit-only
 accounts are executed in parallel whereas transactions accessing writable
 accounts are serialized.  The runtime interacts with the program through an
-entrypoint with a well-defined interface.  The userdata stored in an account is
+entrypoint with a well-defined interface.  The data stored in an account is
 an opaque type, an array of bytes. The program has full control over its
 contents.
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ programs can be executed in parallel.
 The runtime enforces the following rules:
 
 1. Only the *owner* program may modify the contents of an account.  This means
-that upon assignment userdata vector is guaranteed to be zero.
+that upon assignment data vector is guaranteed to be zero.
 
 2. Total balances on all the accounts is equal before and after execution of a
 transaction.
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ accounts.
 
 ## SystemProgram Interface
 
-The interface is best described by the `Instruction::userdata` that the user
+The interface is best described by the `Instruction::data` that the user
 encodes.
 
 * `CreateAccount` - This allows the user to create an account with an allocated
-userdata array and assign it to a Program.
+data array and assign it to a Program.
 
 * `Assign` - Allows the user to assign an existing account to a program.
 
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ userdata array and assign it to a Program.
 
 For blockchain to function correctly, the program code must be resilient to user
 inputs.  That is why in this design the program specific code is the only code
-that can change the state of the userdata byte array in the Accounts that are
+that can change the state of the data byte array in the Accounts that are
 assigned to it.  It is also the reason why `Assign` or `CreateAccount` must zero
-out the userdata.  Otherwise there would be no possible way for the program to
-distinguish the recently assigned account userdata from a natively generated
+out the data.  Otherwise there would be no possible way for the program to
+distinguish the recently assigned account data from a natively generated
 state transition without some additional metadata from the runtime to indicate
 that this memory is assigned instead of natively generated.
 
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ instruction can be composed into a single transaction with the call to the
 program itself.
 
 * `CreateAccount` and `Assign` guarantee that when account is assigned to the
-program, the Account's userdata is zero initialized.
+program, the Account's data is zero initialized.
 
 * Once assigned to program an Account cannot be reassigned.
 
 * Runtime guarantees that a program's code is the only code that can modify
-Account userdata that the Account is assigned to.
+Account data that the Account is assigned to.
 
 * Runtime guarantees that the program can only spend lamports that are in
 accounts that are assigned to it.

book/src/testing-programs.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ When Futures 0.3.0 is released, the Transact trait may look like this:
 
 ```rust,ignore
 trait Transact {
-    async fn send_transactions(txs: &[Transaction]) -> Vec<Result<(), BankError>>;
+    async fn send_transactions(txs: &[Transaction]) -> Vec<Result<(), TransactionError>>;
 }
 ```
 

book/src/testnet-participation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+## Testnet Participation
+This document describes how to participate in the beta testnet as a
+validator node.
+
+Please note some of the information and instructions described here may change
+in future releases.
+
+### Beta Testnet Overview
+The beta testnet features a validator running at beta.testnet.solana.com, which
+serves as the entrypoint to the cluster for your validator.
+
+Additionally there is a blockexplorer available at http://beta.testnet.solana.com/.
+
+The beta testnet is configured to reset the ledger every 24hours, or sooner
+should an hourly automated sanity test fail.
+
+### Machine Requirements
+Since the beta testnet is not intended for stress testing of max transaction
+throughput, a higher-end machine with a GPU is not necessary to participate.
+
+However ensure the machine used is not behind a residential NAT to avoid NAT
+traversal issues.  A cloud-hosted machine works best.  Ensure that IP ports
+8000 through 10000 are not blocked for Internet traffic.
+
+Prebuilt binaries are available for Linux x86_64 (Ubuntu 18.04 recommended).
+MacOS or WSL users may build from source.
+
+### Validator Setup
+#### Obtaining The Software
+##### Bootstrap with `solana-install`
+
+The `solana-install` tool can be used to easily install and upgrade the cluster
+software on Linux x86_64 systems.
+
+Install the latest release with a single shell command:
+```bash
+$ curl -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/solana-labs/solana/v0.13.0/install/solana-install-init.sh | \
+  sh -c - --url https://api.beta.testnet.solana.com
+```
+
+Alternatively build the `solana-install` program from source and run the
+following command to obtain the same result:
+```bash
+$ solana-install init --url https://api.beta.testnet.solana.com
+```
+
+After a successful install, `solana-install update` may be used to easily update the cluster
+software to a newer version.
+
+##### Download Prebuilt Binaries
+Binaries are available for Linux x86_64 systems.
+
+Download the binaries by navigating to https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest, download
+**solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2**, then extract the archive:
+```bash
+$ tar jxf solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
+$ cd solana-release/
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+##### Build From Source
+If you are unable to use the prebuilt binaries or prefer to build it yourself from source, navigate to:
+> https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases/latest
+
+Download the source code tarball (solana-*[release]*.tar.gz) from our latest release tag.  Extract the code and build the binaries with:
+```bash
+$ ./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh .
+$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
+```
+
+#### Confirm The Testnet Is Reachable
+Before attaching a validator node, sanity check that the cluster is accessible
+to your machine by running some simple wallet commands.  If any of these
+commands fail, please retry 5-10 minutes later to confirm the testnet is not
+just restarting itself before debugging further.
+
+Receive an airdrop of lamports from the testnet drone:
+```bash
+$ solana-wallet -n beta.testnet.solana.com airdrop 123
+$ solana-wallet -n beta.testnet.solana.com balance
+```
+
+Fetch the current testnet transaction count over JSON RPC:
+```bash
+$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}' http://beta.testnet.solana.com:8899
+```
+
+Inspect the blockexplorer at http://beta.testnet.solana.com/ for activity.
+
+Run the following command to join the gossip network and view all the other nodes in the cluster:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --network beta.testnet.solana.com:8001
+```
+
+### Starting The Validator
+The following command will start a new validator node.
+
+If this is a `solana-install`-installation:
+```bash
+$ fullnode-x.sh --public-address --no-stake --poll-for-new-genesis-block beta.testnet.solana.com:8001
+```
+
+Alternatively, the `solana-install run` command can be used to run the validator
+node while periodically checking for and applying software updates:
+```bash
+$ solana-install run fullnode-x.sh --public-address --no-stake --poll-for-new-genesis-block beta.testnet.solana.com:8001
+```
+
+When not using `solana-install`:
+```bash
+$ USE_INSTALL=1 ./multinode-demo/fullnode-x.sh --public-address --no-stake --poll-for-new-genesis-block beta.testnet.solana.com:8001
+```
+
+Then from another console, confirm the IP address if your node is now visible in
+the gossip network by running:
+```bash
+$ solana-gossip --network beta.testnet.solana.com:8001
+```
+
+Congratulations, you're now participating in the testnet cluster!
+
+#### Controlling local network port allocation
+By default the validator will dynamically select available network ports in the
+8000-10000 range, and may be overridden with `--dynamic-port-range`.  For
+example, `fullnode-x.sh --dynamic-port-range 11000-11010 ...` will restrict the
+validator to ports 11000-11011.
+
+### Sharing Metrics From Your Validator
+If you'd like to share metrics perform the following steps before starting the
+validator node:
+```bash
+export u="username obtained from the Solana maintainers"
+export p="password obtained from the Solana maintainers"
+export SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG="db=testnet-beta,u=${u:?},p=${p:?}"
+source scripts/configure-metrics.sh
+```
+Inspect for your contributions to our [metrics dashboard](https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/U9-26Cqmk/testnet-monitor-cloud?refresh=60s&orgId=2&var-hostid=All).

book/src/transaction-fees.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Deterministic Transaction Fees
+
+Transactions currently include a fee field that indicates the maximum fee field
+a slot leader is permitted to charge to process a transaction. The cluster, on
+the other hand, agrees on a minimum fee. If the network is congested, the slot
+leader may prioritize the transactions offering higher fees. That means the
+client won't know how much was collected until the transaction is confirmed by
+the cluster and the remaining balance is checked. It smells of exactly what we
+dislike about Ethereum's "gas", non-determinism.
+
+## Implementation Status
+
+This design is not yet implemented, but is written as though it has been.  Once
+implemented, delete this comment.
+
+### Congestion-driven fees
+
+Each validator uses *signatures per slot* (SPS) to estimate network congestion
+and *SPS target* to estimate the desired processing capacity of the cluster.
+The validator learns the SPS target from the genesis block, whereas it
+calculates SPS from the ledger data in the previous epoch.
+
+### Calculating fees
+
+The client uses the JSON RPC API to query the cluster for the current fee
+parameters.  Those parameters are tagged with a blockhash and remain valid
+until that blockhash is old enough to be rejected by the slot leader.
+
+Before sending a transaction to the cluster, a client may submit the
+transaction and fee account data to an SDK module called the *fee calculator*.
+So long as the client's SDK version matches the slot leader's version, the
+client is assured that its account will be changed exactly the same number of
+lamports as returned by the fee calculator.
+
+### Fee Parameters
+
+In the first implementation of this design, the only fee parameter is
+`lamports_per_signature`. The more signatures the cluster needs to verify, the
+higher the fee. The exact number of lamports is determined by the ratio of SPS
+to the SPS target. The cluster lowers `lamports_per_signature` when SPS is
+below the target and raises it when at or above the target.
+
+Future parameters might include:
+
+* `lamports_per_pubkey` - cost to load an account
+* `lamports_per_slot_distance` - higher cost to load very old accounts
+* `lamports_per_byte` - cost per size of account loaded
+* `lamports_per_bpf_instruction` - cost to run a program
+
+### Attacks
+
+#### Hijacking the SPS Target
+
+A group of validators can centralize the cluster if they can convince it to
+raise the SPS Target above a point where the rest of the validators can keep
+up. Raising the target will cause fees to drop, presumably creating more demand
+and therefore higher TPS. If the validator doesn't have hardware that can
+process that many transactions that fast, its confirmation votes will
+eventually get so long that the cluster will be forced to boot it.

book/src/wallet.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ $ solana-wallet balance
 $ solana-wallet confirm <TX_SIGNATURE>
 
 // Return
-"Confirmed" / "Not found"
+"Confirmed" / "Not found" / "Transaction failed with error <ERR>"
 ```
 
 #### Deploy program
@@ -352,4 +352,3 @@ ARGS:
     <PUBKEY>        The pubkey of recipient
     <PROCESS_ID>    The process id of the transfer to unlock
 ```
-

ci/buildkite.yml

@@ -2,22 +2,24 @@ steps:
   - command: "ci/shellcheck.sh"
     name: "shellcheck"
     timeout_in_minutes: 5
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust:1.32.0 ci/test-checks.sh"
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_stable_docker_image ci/test-checks.sh"
     name: "checks"
     timeout_in_minutes: 15
   - wait
   - command: "ci/test-stable-perf.sh"
     name: "stable-perf"
     timeout_in_minutes: 20
+    artifact_paths: "log-*.txt"
     agents:
       - "queue=cuda"
   - command: "ci/test-bench.sh"
     name: "bench"
     timeout_in_minutes: 20
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust:1.32.0 ci/test-stable.sh"
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_stable_docker_image ci/test-stable.sh"
     name: "stable"
-    timeout_in_minutes: 20
-  - command: "ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust-nightly:2019-01-31 ci/test-coverage.sh"
+    timeout_in_minutes: 25
+    artifact_paths: "log-*.txt"
+  - command: ". ci/rust-version.sh; ci/docker-run.sh $$rust_nightly_docker_image ci/test-coverage.sh"
     name: "coverage"
     timeout_in_minutes: 20
   # TODO: Fix and re-enable test-large-network.sh

ci/crate-version.sh

@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Outputs the current crate version
+# Outputs the current crate version from a given Cargo.toml
 #
 set -e
 
-cd "$(dirname "$0")"/..
+Cargo_toml=$1
+[[ -n $Cargo_toml ]] || {
+  echo "Usage: $0 path/to/Cargo.toml"
+  exit 0
+}
+
+[[ -r $Cargo_toml ]] || {
+  echo "Error: unable to read $Cargo_toml"
+  exit 1
+}
 
 while read -r name equals value _; do
   if [[ $name = version && $equals = = ]]; then
     echo "${value//\"/}"
     exit 0
   fi
-done < <(cat Cargo.toml)
+done < <(cat "$Cargo_toml")
 
 echo Unable to locate version in Cargo.toml 1>&2
 exit 1

ci/docker-rust-nightly/Dockerfile

@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@ ARG date
 RUN set -x \
  && rustup install nightly-$date \
  && rustup show \
- && mv /usr/local/rustup/toolchains/nightly-$date-* \
-       /usr/local/rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu \
  && rustup show \
  && rustc --version \
  && cargo --version \
- && rustc +nightly --version \
- && cargo +nightly --version
+ && rustc +nightly-$date --version \
+ && cargo +nightly-$date --version
 

ci/docker-rust-nightly/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ To update the pinned version:
    to confirm the new nightly image builds.  Fix any issues as needed
 1. Run `docker login` to enable pushing images to Docker Hub, if you're authorized.
 1. Run `CI=true ci/docker-rust-nightly/build.sh YYYY-MM-DD` to push the new nightly image to dockerhub.com.
-1. Modify the `solanalabs/rust-nightly:YYYY-MM-DD` reference in `ci/buildkite.yml` from the previous to
+1. Modify the `solanalabs/rust-nightly:YYYY-MM-DD` reference in `ci/rust-version.sh` from the previous to
    new *YYYY-MM-DD* value, send a PR with this change and any codebase adjustments needed.
 
 ## Troubleshooting

ci/docker-rust/Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Note: when the rust version is changed also modify
 # ci/buildkite.yml to pick up the new image tag
-FROM rust:1.32.0
+FROM rust:1.34.0
 
 RUN set -x \
  && apt update \
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ RUN set -x \
       lcov \
       libclang-common-7-dev \
       llvm-7 \
+      mscgen \
       rsync \
       sudo \
       \

ci/docker-rust/build.sh

@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ docker build -t solanalabs/rust .
 read -r rustc version _ < <(docker run solanalabs/rust rustc --version)
 [[ $rustc = rustc ]]
 docker tag solanalabs/rust:latest solanalabs/rust:"$version"
-
-docker push solanalabs/rust
+docker push solanalabs/rust:"$version"

ci/iterations-localnet.sh

@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ fi
 
 build() {
   $genPipeline && return
-  ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh stable
+  source ci/rust-version.sh stable
+
   _ scripts/ulimit-n.sh
-  _ cargo build --all
+  _ cargo +$rust_stable build --all
 }
 
 runTest() {

ci/localnet-sanity.sh

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ while getopts "ch?i:k:brxR" opt; do
     restartInterval=$OPTARG
     ;;
   b)
-    maybeNoLeaderRotation="--no-leader-rotation"
+    maybeNoLeaderRotation="--no-stake"
     ;;
   x)
     extraNodes=$((extraNodes + 1))
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ source scripts/configure-metrics.sh
 nodes=(
   "multinode-demo/drone.sh"
   "multinode-demo/bootstrap-leader.sh \
-    $maybeNoLeaderRotation \
     --enable-rpc-exit \
     --init-complete-file init-complete-node1.log"
   "multinode-demo/fullnode.sh \
@@ -307,11 +306,8 @@ while [[ $iteration -le $iterations ]]; do
     set -x
     client_id=/tmp/client-id.json-$$
     $solana_keygen -o $client_id || exit $?
-    $solana_bench_tps \
-      --identity $client_id \
-      --num-nodes $numNodes \
-      --reject-extra-nodes \
-      --converge-only || exit $?
+    $solana_gossip \
+      --num-nodes-exactly $numNodes || exit $?
     rm -rf $client_id
   ) || flag_error
 

ci/publish-bpf-sdk.sh

@@ -2,15 +2,7 @@
 set -e
 
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-
 eval "$(ci/channel-info.sh)"
-if [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$STABLE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
-  CHANNEL=stable
-elif [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$EDGE_CHANNEL" ]]; then
-  CHANNEL=edge
-elif [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH = "$BETA_CHANNEL" ]]; then
-  CHANNEL=beta
-fi
 
 echo --- Creating tarball
 (

ci/publish-crate.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-
+source ci/semver_bash/semver.sh
 
 # List of internal crates to publish
 #
@@ -11,19 +11,25 @@ cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
 # here. (TODO: figure the crate ordering dynamically)
 #
 CRATES=(
+  kvstore
   logger
   netutil
   sdk
   keygen
   metrics
+  client
   drone
-  programs/{budget,bpf_loader,native_loader,noop,system,vote}
+  programs/{budget_api,config_api,storage_api,token_api,vote_api}
+  runtime
+  programs/{budget,bpf_loader,config,vote,storage,token,vote}
+  vote-signer
   core
   fullnode
   genesis
+  gossip
   ledger-tool
   wallet
-  runtime
+  install
 )
 
 
@@ -33,6 +39,9 @@ CRATES=(
   exit 0
 }
 
+semverParseInto "$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG" MAJOR MINOR PATCH SPECIAL
+expectedCrateVersion="$MAJOR.$MINOR.$PATCH$SPECIAL"
+
 [[ -n "$CRATES_IO_TOKEN" ]] || {
   echo CRATES_IO_TOKEN undefined
   exit 1
@@ -46,13 +55,17 @@ for crate in "${CRATES[@]}"; do
     exit 1
   fi
   echo "-- $crate"
-  # TODO: Ensure the published version matches the contents of
-  # TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG
+  grep -q "^version = \"$expectedCrateVersion\"$" Cargo.toml || {
+    echo "Error: $crate/Cargo.toml version is not $expectedCrateVersion"
+    exit 1
+  }
+
   (
     set -x
     # TODO: the rocksdb package does not build with the stock rust docker image,
     # so use the solana rust docker image until this is resolved upstream
-    ci/docker-run.sh solanalabs/rust:1.31.0 bash -exc "cd $crate; $cargoCommand"
+    source ci/rust-version.sh
+    ci/docker-run.sh "$rust_stable_docker_image" bash -exc "cd $crate; $cargoCommand"
     #ci/docker-run.sh rust bash -exc "cd $crate; $cargoCommand"
   )
 done

ci/publish-metrics-dashboard.sh

@@ -45,11 +45,7 @@ beta)
   CHANNEL_BRANCH=$BETA_CHANNEL
   ;;
 stable)
-  if [[ -n $BETA_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG ]]; then
-    CHANNEL_BRANCH=$BETA_CHANNEL
-  else
-    CHANNEL_BRANCH=$STABLE_CHANNEL
-  fi
+  CHANNEL_BRANCH=$STABLE_CHANNEL
   ;;
 *)
   echo "Error: Invalid PUBLISH_CHANNEL=$PUBLISH_CHANNEL"

ci/publish-tarball.sh

@@ -11,10 +11,13 @@ fi
 
 eval "$(ci/channel-info.sh)"
 
+TAG=
 if [[ -n "$BUILDKITE_TAG" ]]; then
   CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$BUILDKITE_TAG
+  TAG="$BUILDKITE_TAG"
 elif [[ -n "$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG" ]]; then
   CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG
+  TAG="$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG"
 else
   CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$CHANNEL
 fi
@@ -24,18 +27,34 @@ if [[ -z $CHANNEL_OR_TAG ]]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
+case "$(uname)" in
+Darwin)
+  TARGET=x86_64-apple-darwin
+  ;;
+Linux)
+  TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+  ;;
+*)
+  TARGET=unknown-unknown-unknown
+  ;;
+esac
 
 echo --- Creating tarball
 (
   set -x
   rm -rf solana-release/
   mkdir solana-release/
-  (
-    echo "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG"
-    git rev-parse HEAD
-  ) > solana-release/version.txt
 
-  scripts/cargo-install-all.sh solana-release
+  COMMIT="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+
+  (
+    echo "channel: $CHANNEL"
+    echo "commit: $COMMIT"
+    echo "target: $TARGET"
+  ) > solana-release/version.yml
+
+  source ci/rust-version.sh stable
+  scripts/cargo-install-all.sh +"$rust_stable" solana-release
 
   ./fetch-perf-libs.sh
   # shellcheck source=/dev/null
@@ -45,33 +64,62 @@ echo --- Creating tarball
     cargo install --path . --features=cuda --root ../solana-release-cuda
   )
   cp solana-release-cuda/bin/solana-fullnode solana-release/bin/solana-fullnode-cuda
+  cp -a scripts multinode-demo solana-release/
 
-  tar jvcf solana-release.tar.bz2 solana-release/
+  # Add a wrapper script for fullnode.sh
+  # TODO: Remove multinode/... from tarball
+  cat > solana-release/bin/fullnode.sh <<'EOF'
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"/..
+export USE_INSTALL=1
+exec multinode-demo/fullnode.sh "$@"
+EOF
+  chmod +x solana-release/bin/fullnode.sh
+
+  # Add a wrapper script for fullnode-x.sh
+  # TODO: Remove multinode/... from tarball
+  cat > solana-release/bin/fullnode-x.sh <<'EOF'
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"/..
+export USE_INSTALL=1
+exec multinode-demo/fullnode-x.sh "$@"
+EOF
+  chmod +x solana-release/bin/fullnode-x.sh
+
+  tar jvcf solana-release-$TARGET.tar.bz2 solana-release/
+  cp solana-release/bin/solana-install solana-install-$TARGET
 )
 
 echo --- Saving build artifacts
 source ci/upload-ci-artifact.sh
-upload-ci-artifact solana-release.tar.bz2
+upload-ci-artifact solana-release-$TARGET.tar.bz2
 
 if [[ -n $DO_NOT_PUBLISH_TAR ]]; then
   echo Skipped due to DO_NOT_PUBLISH_TAR
   exit 0
 fi
 
-echo --- AWS S3 Store
-(
-  set -x
-  $DRYRUN docker run \
-    --rm \
-    --env AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
-    --env AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY \
-    --volume "$PWD:/solana" \
-    eremite/aws-cli:2018.12.18 \
-    /usr/bin/s3cmd --acl-public put /solana/solana-release.tar.bz2 \
-    s3://solana-release/"$CHANNEL_OR_TAG"/solana-release.tar.bz2
+for file in solana-release-$TARGET.tar.bz2 solana-install-$TARGET; do
+  echo --- AWS S3 Store: $file
+  (
+    set -x
+    $DRYRUN docker run \
+      --rm \
+      --env AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
+      --env AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY \
+      --volume "$PWD:/solana" \
+      eremite/aws-cli:2018.12.18 \
+      /usr/bin/s3cmd --acl-public put /solana/"$file" s3://solana-release/"$CHANNEL_OR_TAG"/"$file"
 
-  echo Published to:
-  $DRYRUN ci/format-url.sh http://solana-release.s3.amazonaws.com/"$CHANNEL_OR_TAG"/solana-release.tar.bz2
-)
+    echo Published to:
+    $DRYRUN ci/format-url.sh http://solana-release.s3.amazonaws.com/"$CHANNEL_OR_TAG"/"$file"
+  )
+
+  if [[ -n $TAG ]]; then
+    ci/upload-github-release-asset.sh $file
+  fi
+done
 
 echo --- ok

ci/run-local.sh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# Run the entire buildkite CI pipeline locally for pre-testing before sending a
-# Github pull request
-#
-set -e
-
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-BKRUN=ci/node_modules/.bin/bkrun
-
-if [[ ! -x $BKRUN ]]; then
-  (
-    set -x
-    cd ci/
-    npm install bkrun
-  )
-fi
-
-set -x
-exec ./ci/node_modules/.bin/bkrun ci/buildkite.yml

ci/rust-version.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#
+# This file maintains the rust versions for use by CI.
+#
+# Build with stable rust, updating the stable toolchain if necessary:
+#   $ source ci/rust-version.sh stable
+#   $ cargo +"$rust_stable" build
+#
+# Build with nightly rust, updating the nightly toolchain if necessary:
+#   $ source ci/rust-version.sh nightly
+#   $ cargo +"$rust_nightly" build
+#
+# Obtain the environment variables without any automatic toolchain updating:
+#   $ source ci/rust-version.sh
+#
+
+export rust_stable=1.34.0
+export rust_stable_docker_image=solanalabs/rust:1.34.0
+
+export rust_nightly=nightly-2019-03-14
+export rust_nightly_docker_image=solanalabs/rust-nightly:2019-03-14
+
+[[ -z $1 ]] || (
+
+  rustup_install() {
+    declare toolchain=$1
+    if ! cargo +"$toolchain" -V; then
+      rustup install "$toolchain"
+      cargo +"$toolchain" -V
+    fi
+  }
+
+  set -e
+  cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
+  case $1 in
+  stable)
+     rustup_install "$rust_stable"
+     ;;
+  nightly)
+     rustup_install "$rust_nightly"
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Note: ignoring unknown argument: $1"
+    ;;
+  esac
+)

ci/test-bench.sh

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ source ci/_
 source ci/upload-ci-artifact.sh
 
 eval "$(ci/channel-info.sh)"
-ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh nightly
+source ci/rust-version.sh nightly
 
 set -o pipefail
 export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
@@ -39,19 +39,28 @@ fi
 
 BENCH_FILE=bench_output.log
 BENCH_ARTIFACT=current_bench_results.log
-_ cargo +nightly bench ${V:+--verbose} \
-  -- -Z unstable-options --format=json | tee "$BENCH_FILE"
+
+# First remove "BENCH_FILE", if it exists so that the following commands can append
+rm -f "$BENCH_FILE"
+
+# Run sdk benches
+_ cargo +$rust_nightly bench --manifest-path sdk/Cargo.toml ${V:+--verbose} \
+  -- -Z unstable-options --format=json | tee -a "$BENCH_FILE"
+
+# Run runtime benches
+_ cargo +$rust_nightly bench --manifest-path runtime/Cargo.toml ${V:+--verbose} \
+  -- -Z unstable-options --format=json | tee -a "$BENCH_FILE"
+
+# Run core benches
+_ cargo +$rust_nightly bench --manifest-path core/Cargo.toml ${V:+--verbose} \
+  -- -Z unstable-options --format=json | tee -a "$BENCH_FILE"
 
 # Run bpf benches
-echo --- program/bpf
-(
-  set -x
-  cd programs/bpf
-  cargo +nightly bench ${V:+--verbose} --features=bpf_c \
-    -- -Z unstable-options --format=json --nocapture | tee -a ../../../"$BENCH_FILE"
-)
+_ cargo +$rust_nightly bench --manifest-path programs/bpf/Cargo.toml ${V:+--verbose} --features=bpf_c \
+  -- -Z unstable-options --format=json --nocapture | tee -a "$BENCH_FILE"
 
-_ cargo +nightly run --release --package solana-upload-perf \
+
+_ cargo +$rust_nightly run --release --package solana-upload-perf \
   -- "$BENCH_FILE" "$TARGET_BRANCH" "$UPLOAD_METRICS" > "$BENCH_ARTIFACT"
 
 upload-ci-artifact "$BENCH_ARTIFACT"

ci/test-checks.sh

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ set -e
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
 
 source ci/_
-ci/version-check.sh stable
+source ci/rust-version.sh stable
 
 export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 export RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings"
 
-_ cargo fmt --all -- --check
-_ cargo clippy --all -- --version
-_ cargo clippy --all -- --deny=warnings
+_ cargo +"$rust_stable" fmt --all -- --check
+_ cargo +"$rust_stable" clippy --all -- --version
+_ cargo +"$rust_stable" clippy --all -- --deny=warnings
 _ ci/audit.sh
 _ ci/nits.sh
 _ book/build.sh

ci/test-coverage.sh

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ ci/affects-files.sh \
 }
 
 source ci/upload-ci-artifact.sh
-ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh nightly
 source scripts/ulimit-n.sh
 
 scripts/coverage.sh

ci/test-large-network.sh

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ set -e
 here=$(dirname "$0")
 cd "$here"/..
 
-# This job doesn't run within a container, try once to upgrade tooling on a
-# version check failure
-ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh stable
+source ci/rust-version.sh stable
 
 export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 
@@ -39,4 +37,4 @@ fi
 
 set -x
 export SOLANA_DYNAMIC_NODES=120
-exec cargo test --release --features=erasure test_multi_node_dynamic_network -- --ignored
+exec cargo +"$rust_stable" test --release --features=erasure test_multi_node_dynamic_network -- --ignored

ci/test-stable.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ annotate() {
   }
 }
 
-ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh stable
+source ci/rust-version.sh stable
+
 export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 export RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings"
 source scripts/ulimit-n.sh
@@ -24,9 +25,8 @@ case $testName in
 test-stable)
   echo "Executing $testName"
 
-  _ cargo build --all ${V:+--verbose}
-  _ cargo test --all ${V:+--verbose} -- --nocapture --test-threads=1
-  _ cargo test --manifest-path programs/system/Cargo.toml
+  _ cargo +"$rust_stable" build --all ${V:+--verbose}
+  _ cargo +"$rust_stable" test --all ${V:+--verbose} -- --nocapture --test-threads=1
   ;;
 test-stable-perf)
   echo "Executing $testName"
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ test-stable-perf)
   # BPF program tests
   _ make -C programs/bpf/c tests
   _ programs/bpf/rust/noop/build.sh # Must be built out of band
-  _ cargo test --manifest-path programs/bpf/Cargo.toml --no-default-features --features=bpf_c,bpf_rust
+  _ cargo +"$rust_stable" test \
+    --manifest-path programs/bpf/Cargo.toml \
+    --no-default-features --features=bpf_c,bpf_rust
 
   # Run root package tests with these features
   ROOT_FEATURES=erasure,chacha
@@ -67,20 +69,8 @@ test-stable-perf)
   fi
 
   # Run root package library tests
-  _ cargo build --all ${V:+--verbose} --features="$ROOT_FEATURES"
-  _ cargo test --all --lib ${V:+--verbose} --features="$ROOT_FEATURES" -- --nocapture --test-threads=1
-  _ cargo test --manifest-path programs/system/Cargo.toml
-
-  # Run root package integration tests
-  for test in tests/*.rs; do
-    test=${test##*/} # basename x
-    test=${test%.rs} # basename x .rs
-    (
-      export RUST_LOG="$test"=trace,$RUST_LOG
-      _ cargo test --all ${V:+--verbose} --features="$ROOT_FEATURES" --test="$test" \
-        -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture
-    )
-  done
+  _ cargo +"$rust_stable" build --all ${V:+--verbose} --features="$ROOT_FEATURES"
+  _ cargo +"$rust_stable" test --manifest-path=core/Cargo.toml ${V:+--verbose} --features="$ROOT_FEATURES" -- --nocapture --test-threads=1
   ;;
 *)
   echo "Error: Unknown test: $testName"

ci/testnet-automation.sh

@@ -17,18 +17,22 @@ source ci/upload-ci-artifact.sh
   LEADER_CPU_MACHINE_TYPE="n1-standard-16 --accelerator count=2,type=nvidia-tesla-v100"
 [[ -n $CLIENT_COUNT ]] || CLIENT_COUNT=2
 [[ -n $TESTNET_TAG ]] || TESTNET_TAG=testnet-automation
-[[ -n $TESTNET_ZONE ]] || TESTNET_ZONE=us-west1-b
+[[ -n $TESTNET_ZONES ]] || TESTNET_ZONES="us-west1-b"
 [[ -n $CHANNEL ]] || CHANNEL=beta
+[[ -n $ADDITIONAL_FLAGS ]] || ADDITIONAL_FLAGS=""
+
+TESTNET_CLOUD_ZONES=(); while read -r -d, ; do TESTNET_CLOUD_ZONES+=( "$REPLY" ); done <<< "${TESTNET_ZONES},"
 
 launchTestnet() {
   declare nodeCount=$1
   echo --- setup "$nodeCount" node test
+
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2068
   net/gce.sh create \
-    -b \
     -d pd-ssd \
     -n "$nodeCount" -c "$CLIENT_COUNT" \
     -G "$LEADER_CPU_MACHINE_TYPE" \
-    -p "$TESTNET_TAG" -z "$TESTNET_ZONE"
+    -p "$TESTNET_TAG" ${TESTNET_CLOUD_ZONES[@]/#/-z } "$ADDITIONAL_FLAGS"
 
   echo --- configure database
   net/init-metrics.sh -e
@@ -43,37 +47,39 @@ launchTestnet() {
   echo --- wait "$ITERATION_WAIT" seconds to complete test
   sleep "$ITERATION_WAIT"
 
+  set -x
+
   declare q_mean_tps='
     SELECT round(mean("sum_count")) AS "mean_tps" FROM (
       SELECT sum("count") AS "sum_count"
-        FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."counter-banking_stage-process_transactions"
+        FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."counter-bank-process_transactions-txs"
         WHERE time > now() - 300s GROUP BY time(1s)
     )'
 
   declare q_max_tps='
     SELECT round(max("sum_count")) AS "max_tps" FROM (
       SELECT sum("count") AS "sum_count"
-        FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."counter-banking_stage-process_transactions"
+        FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."counter-bank-process_transactions-txs"
         WHERE time > now() - 300s GROUP BY time(1s)
     )'
 
   declare q_mean_confirmation='
     SELECT round(mean("duration_ms")) as "mean_confirmation"
-      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."leader-confirmation"
+      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."validator-confirmation"
       WHERE time > now() - 300s'
 
   declare q_max_confirmation='
     SELECT round(max("duration_ms")) as "max_confirmation"
-      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."leader-confirmation"
+      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."validator-confirmation"
       WHERE time > now() - 300s'
 
   declare q_99th_confirmation='
     SELECT round(percentile("duration_ms", 99)) as "99th_confirmation"
-      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."leader-confirmation"
+      FROM "testnet-automation"."autogen"."validator-confirmation"
       WHERE time > now() - 300s'
 
-  curl -G "https://metrics.solana.com:8086/query?u=${INFLUX_USERNAME}&p=${INFLUX_PASSWORD}" \
-    --data-urlencode "db=$INFLUX_DATABASE" \
+  curl -G "${INFLUX_HOST}/query?u=ro&p=topsecret" \
+    --data-urlencode "db=testnet-automation" \
     --data-urlencode "q=$q_mean_tps;$q_max_tps;$q_mean_confirmation;$q_max_confirmation;$q_99th_confirmation" |
     python ci/testnet-automation-json-parser.py >>TPS"$nodeCount".log
 

ci/testnet-deploy.sh

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ clientNodeCount=0
 additionalFullNodeCount=10
 publicNetwork=false
 skipSetup=false
+skipStart=false
+externalNode=false
 tarChannelOrTag=edge
 delete=false
 enableGpu=false
@@ -25,13 +27,14 @@ usage() {
     echo "Error: $*"
   fi
   cat <<EOF
-usage: $0 [name] [cloud] [zone] [options...]
+usage: $0 -p network-name -C cloud -z zone1 [-z zone2] ... [-z zoneN] [options...]
 
 Deploys a CD testnet
 
-  name  - name of the network
-  cloud - cloud provider to use (gce, ec2)
-  zone  - cloud provider zone to deploy the network into
+  mandatory arguments:
+  -p [network-name]  - name of the network
+  -C [cloud] - cloud provider to use (gce, ec2)
+  -z [zone]  - cloud provider zone to deploy the network into.  Must specify at least one zone
 
   options:
    -t edge|beta|stable|vX.Y.Z  - Deploy the latest tarball release for the
@@ -57,19 +60,22 @@ EOF
   exit $exitcode
 }
 
-netName=$1
-cloudProvider=$2
-zone=$3
-[[ -n $netName ]] || usage
-[[ -n $cloudProvider ]] || usage "Cloud provider not specified"
-[[ -n $zone ]] || usage "Zone not specified"
-shift 3
+zone=()
 
-while getopts "h?p:Pn:c:t:gG:a:Dbd:ru" opt; do
+while getopts "h?p:Pn:c:t:gG:a:Dbd:rusxz:p:C:" opt; do
   case $opt in
   h | \?)
     usage
     ;;
+  p)
+    netName=$OPTARG
+    ;;
+  C)
+    cloudProvider=$OPTARG
+    ;;
+  z)
+    zone+=("$OPTARG")
+    ;;
   P)
     publicNetwork=true
     ;;
@@ -111,6 +117,12 @@ while getopts "h?p:Pn:c:t:gG:a:Dbd:ru" opt; do
   r)
     skipSetup=true
     ;;
+  s)
+    skipStart=true
+    ;;
+  x)
+    externalNode=true
+    ;;
   u)
     blockstreamer=true
     ;;
@@ -120,6 +132,10 @@ while getopts "h?p:Pn:c:t:gG:a:Dbd:ru" opt; do
   esac
 done
 
+[[ -n $netName ]] || usage
+[[ -n $cloudProvider ]] || usage "Cloud provider not specified"
+[[ -n ${zone[*]} ]] || usage "At least one zone must be specified"
+
 shutdown() {
   exitcode=$?
 
@@ -140,9 +156,16 @@ trap shutdown EXIT INT
 
 set -x
 
+# Build a string to pass zone opts to $cloudProvider.sh: "-z zone1 -z zone2 ..."
+zone_args=()
+for val in "${zone[@]}"; do
+  zone_args+=("-z $val")
+done
+
 if ! $skipSetup; then
   echo "--- $cloudProvider.sh delete"
-  time net/"$cloudProvider".sh delete -z "$zone" -p "$netName"
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2068
+  time net/"$cloudProvider".sh delete ${zone_args[@]} -p "$netName" ${externalNode:+-x}
   if $delete; then
     exit 0
   fi
@@ -150,11 +173,12 @@ if ! $skipSetup; then
   echo "--- $cloudProvider.sh create"
   create_args=(
     -p "$netName"
-    -z "$zone"
     -a "$bootstrapFullNodeAddress"
     -c "$clientNodeCount"
     -n "$additionalFullNodeCount"
   )
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2206
+  create_args+=(${zone_args[@]})
 
   if $blockstreamer; then
     create_args+=(-u)
@@ -180,13 +204,18 @@ if ! $skipSetup; then
     create_args+=(-P)
   fi
 
+  if $externalNode; then
+    create_args+=(-x)
+  fi
+
   time net/"$cloudProvider".sh create "${create_args[@]}"
 else
   echo "--- $cloudProvider.sh config"
   config_args=(
     -p "$netName"
-    -z "$zone"
   )
+  # shellcheck disable=SC2206
+  config_args+=(${zone_args[@]})
   if $publicNetwork; then
     config_args+=(-P)
   fi
@@ -218,19 +247,33 @@ if $skipSetup; then
 fi
 
 ok=true
-(
-  if $skipSetup; then
-    # TODO: Enable rolling updates
-    #op=update
-    op=restart
-  else
-    op=start
-  fi
+if ! $skipStart; then
+  (
+    if $skipSetup; then
+      # TODO: Enable rolling updates
+      #op=update
+      op=restart
+    else
+      op=start
+    fi
 
-  # shellcheck disable=SC2086 # Don't want to double quote maybeRejectExtraNodes
-  time net/net.sh $op -t "$tarChannelOrTag" \
-    $maybeSkipSetup $maybeRejectExtraNodes $maybeNoValidatorSanity $maybeNoLedgerVerify
-) || ok=false
+    maybeUpdateManifestKeypairFile=
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2154 # SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu comes from .buildkite/env/
+    if [[ -n $SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu ]]; then
+      echo "$SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu" > update_manifest_keypair.json
+      maybeUpdateManifestKeypairFile="-i update_manifest_keypair.json"
+    fi
+
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2086 # Don't want to double quote the $maybeXYZ variables
+    time net/net.sh $op -t "$tarChannelOrTag" \
+      $maybeUpdateManifestKeypairFile \
+      $maybeSkipSetup \
+      $maybeRejectExtraNodes \
+      $maybeNoValidatorSanity \
+      $maybeNoLedgerVerify
+  ) || ok=false
+
+  net/net.sh logs
+fi
 
-net/net.sh logs
 $ok

ci/testnet-manager.sh

@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ EOF
   exit 0
 fi
 
+if [[ -n $TESTNET_DB_HOST ]]; then
+  SOLANA_METRICS_PARTIAL_CONFIG="host=$TESTNET_DB_HOST,$SOLANA_METRICS_PARTIAL_CONFIG"
+fi
+
 export SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG="db=$TESTNET,$SOLANA_METRICS_PARTIAL_CONFIG"
 echo "SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG: $SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG"
 source scripts/configure-metrics.sh
@@ -71,33 +75,31 @@ source scripts/configure-metrics.sh
 ci/channel-info.sh
 eval "$(ci/channel-info.sh)"
 
-case $TESTNET in
-testnet-edge|testnet-edge-perf)
-  CHANNEL_OR_TAG=edge
-  CHANNEL_BRANCH=$EDGE_CHANNEL
-  ;;
-testnet-beta|testnet-beta-perf)
-  CHANNEL_OR_TAG=beta
-  CHANNEL_BRANCH=$BETA_CHANNEL
-  ;;
-testnet|testnet-perf)
-  if [[ -n $BETA_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG ]]; then
-    CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$BETA_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG
+if [[ -n $TESTNET_TAG ]]; then
+  CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$TESTNET_TAG
+else
+  case $TESTNET in
+  testnet-edge|testnet-edge-perf)
+    CHANNEL_OR_TAG=edge
+    CHANNEL_BRANCH=$EDGE_CHANNEL
+    ;;
+  testnet-beta|testnet-beta-perf)
+    CHANNEL_OR_TAG=beta
     CHANNEL_BRANCH=$BETA_CHANNEL
-  else
+    ;;
+  testnet|testnet-perf)
     CHANNEL_OR_TAG=$STABLE_CHANNEL_LATEST_TAG
     CHANNEL_BRANCH=$STABLE_CHANNEL
-  fi
-  ;;
-*)
-  echo "Error: Invalid TESTNET=$TESTNET"
-  exit 1
-  ;;
-esac
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Error: Invalid TESTNET=$TESTNET"
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+  esac
 
-if [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH != "$CHANNEL_BRANCH" ]]; then
-  (
-    cat <<EOF
+  if [[ $BUILDKITE_BRANCH != "$CHANNEL_BRANCH" ]]; then
+    (
+      cat <<EOF
 steps:
   - trigger: "$BUILDKITE_PIPELINE_SLUG"
     async: true
@@ -107,12 +109,15 @@ steps:
       env:
         TESTNET: "$TESTNET"
         TESTNET_OP: "$TESTNET_OP"
+        TESTNET_DB_HOST: "$TESTNET_DB_HOST"
+        EC2_NODE_COUNT: "$EC2_NODE_COUNT"
+        GCE_NODE_COUNT: "$GCE_NODE_COUNT"
 EOF
-  ) | buildkite-agent pipeline upload
-  exit 0
+    ) | buildkite-agent pipeline upload
+    exit 0
+  fi
 fi
 
-
 sanity() {
   echo "--- sanity $TESTNET"
   case $TESTNET in
@@ -134,7 +139,23 @@ sanity() {
   testnet-beta)
     (
       set -x
-      ci/testnet-sanity.sh beta-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-1a
+      EC2_ZONES=(us-west-1a sa-east-1a ap-northeast-2a eu-central-1a ca-central-1a)
+      ok=true
+      for zone in "${EC2_ZONES[@]}"; do
+        if ! $ok; then
+          break
+        fi
+        ci/testnet-sanity.sh beta-testnet-solana-com ec2 "$zone" || ok=false
+      done
+
+      GCE_ZONES=(us-west1-b asia-east2-a europe-west4-a southamerica-east1-b us-east4-c)
+      for zone in "${GCE_ZONES[@]}"; do
+        if ! $ok; then
+          break
+        fi
+        ci/testnet-sanity.sh beta-testnet-solana-com gce "$zone" || ok=false
+      done
+      $ok
     )
     ;;
   testnet-beta-perf)
@@ -184,12 +205,10 @@ start() {
   testnet-edge)
     (
       set -x
-      NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-      RUST_LOG=solana=info \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh edge-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-1a \
-          -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n 3 -c 0 -u -P -a eipalloc-0ccd4f2239886fa94 \
-          ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
-          ${maybeDelete:+-D}
+      ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p edge-testnet-solana-com -C ec2 -z us-west-1a \
+        -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n 3 -c 0 -u -P -a eipalloc-0ccd4f2239886fa94 \
+        ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
+        ${maybeDelete:+-D}
     )
     ;;
   testnet-edge-perf)
@@ -197,7 +216,8 @@ start() {
       set -x
       NO_LEDGER_VERIFY=1 \
       NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh edge-perf-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-2b \
+      RUST_LOG=solana=warn \
+        ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p edge-perf-testnet-solana-com -C ec2 -z us-west-2b \
           -g -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -c 2 \
           -b \
           ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
@@ -207,13 +227,33 @@ start() {
   testnet-beta)
     (
       set -x
-      NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-      RUST_LOG=solana=info \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh beta-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-1a \
-          -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n 3 -c 0 -u -P -a eipalloc-0f286cf8a0771ce35 \
-          -b \
-          ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
-          ${maybeDelete:+-D}
+      EC2_ZONES=(us-west-1a sa-east-1a ap-northeast-2a eu-central-1a ca-central-1a)
+      GCE_ZONES=(us-west1-b asia-east2-a europe-west4-a southamerica-east1-b us-east4-c)
+
+      # Build an array to pass as opts to testnet-deploy.sh: "-z zone1 -z zone2 ..."
+      GCE_ZONE_ARGS=()
+      for val in "${GCE_ZONES[@]}"; do
+        GCE_ZONE_ARGS+=("-z $val")
+      done
+
+      EC2_ZONE_ARGS=()
+      for val in "${EC2_ZONES[@]}"; do
+        EC2_ZONE_ARGS+=("-z $val")
+      done
+
+      # shellcheck disable=SC2068
+      [[ -z $EC2_NODE_COUNT ]] || ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p beta-testnet-solana-com -C ec2 ${EC2_ZONE_ARGS[@]} \
+        -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n "$EC2_NODE_COUNT" -c 0 -u -P -a eipalloc-0f286cf8a0771ce35 \
+        ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
+        ${maybeDelete:+-D} \
+        ${GCE_NODE_COUNT:+-s}
+
+      # shellcheck disable=SC2068
+      [[ -z $GCE_NODE_COUNT ]] || ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p beta-testnet-solana-com -C gce ${GCE_ZONE_ARGS[@]} \
+        -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n "$GCE_NODE_COUNT" -c 0 -P \
+        ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
+        ${maybeDelete:+-D} \
+        ${EC2_NODE_COUNT:+-x}
     )
     ;;
   testnet-beta-perf)
@@ -221,7 +261,8 @@ start() {
       set -x
       NO_LEDGER_VERIFY=1 \
       NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh beta-perf-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-2b \
+      RUST_LOG=solana=warn \
+        ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p beta-perf-testnet-solana-com -C ec2 -z us-west-2b \
           -g -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -c 2 \
           -b \
           ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
@@ -232,13 +273,12 @@ start() {
     (
       set -x
       NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-      RUST_LOG=solana=info \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh testnet-solana-com ec2 us-west-1a \
+        ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p testnet-solana-com -C ec2 -z us-west-1a \
           -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n 3 -c 0 -u -P -a eipalloc-0fa502bf95f6f18b2 \
           -b \
           ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
           ${maybeDelete:+-D}
-        #ci/testnet-deploy.sh testnet-solana-com gce us-east1-c \
+        #ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p testnet-solana-com -C gce -z us-east1-c \
         #  -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -n 3 -c 0 -P -a testnet-solana-com  \
         #  ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
         #  ${maybeDelete:+-D}
@@ -249,14 +289,15 @@ start() {
       set -x
       NO_LEDGER_VERIFY=1 \
       NO_VALIDATOR_SANITY=1 \
-        ci/testnet-deploy.sh perf-testnet-solana-com gce us-west1-b \
+      RUST_LOG=solana=warn \
+        ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p perf-testnet-solana-com -C gce -z us-west1-b \
           -G "n1-standard-16 --accelerator count=2,type=nvidia-tesla-v100" \
           -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -c 2 \
           -b \
           -d pd-ssd \
           ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
           ${maybeDelete:+-D}
-        #ci/testnet-deploy.sh perf-testnet-solana-com ec2 us-east-1a \
+        #ci/testnet-deploy.sh -p perf-testnet-solana-com -C ec2 -z us-east-1a \
         #  -g \
         #  -t "$CHANNEL_OR_TAG" -c 2 \
         #  ${maybeReuseLedger:+-r} \
@@ -299,11 +340,18 @@ sanity-or-restart)
   else
     echo "+++ Sanity failed, updating the network"
     $metricsWriteDatapoint "testnet-manager sanity-failure=1"
-    if start "" update; then
-      echo Update successful
+
+    # TODO: Restore attempt to restart the cluster before recreating it
+    #       See https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/issues/3774
+    if false; then
+      if start "" update; then
+        echo Update successful
+      else
+        echo "+++ Update failed, restarting the network"
+        $metricsWriteDatapoint "testnet-manager update-failure=1"
+        start
+      fi
     else
-      echo "+++ Update failed, restarting the network"
-      $metricsWriteDatapoint "testnet-manager update-failure=1"
       start
     fi
   fi

ci/testnet-sanity.sh

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ shutdown() {
   exit $exitcode
 }
 rm -rf net/{log,-sanity}
+rm -f net/config/config
 trap shutdown EXIT INT
 
 set -x

ci/upload-github-release-asset.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Uploads one or more files to a github release
+#
+# Prerequisites
+# 1) GITHUB_TOKEN defined in the environment
+# 2) TAG defined in the environment
+#
+set -e
+
+REPO_SLUG=solana-labs/solana
+
+if [[ -z $1 ]]; then
+  echo No files specified
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -z $GITHUB_TOKEN ]]; then
+  echo Error: GITHUB_TOKEN not defined
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -n $BUILDKITE_TAG ]]; then
+  TAG=$BUILDKITE_TAG
+elif [[ -n $TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG ]]; then
+  TAG=$TRIGGERED_BUILDKITE_TAG
+fi
+
+if [[ -z $TAG ]]; then
+  echo Error: TAG not defined
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+releaseId=$( \
+  curl -s "https://api.github.com/repos/$REPO_SLUG/releases/tags/$TAG" \
+  | grep -m 1 \"id\": \
+  | sed -ne 's/^[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\),$/\1/p' \
+)
+echo "Github release id for $TAG is $releaseId"
+
+for file in "$@"; do
+  echo "--- Uploading $file to tag $TAG of $REPO_SLUG"
+  curl \
+    --data-binary @"$file" \
+    -H "Authorization: token $GITHUB_TOKEN" \
+    -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
+    "https://uploads.github.com/repos/$REPO_SLUG/releases/$releaseId/assets?name=$(basename "$file")"
+  echo
+done
+

ci/version-check-with-upgrade.sh

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-
-cd "$(dirname "$0")"
-
-channel=${1:-stable}
-if ! ./version-check.sh "$channel"; then
-  rustup install "$channel"
-  ./version-check.sh "$channel"
-fi

ci/version-check.sh

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -e
-
-require() {
-  declare expectedProgram="$1"
-  declare expectedVersion="$2"
-  shift 2
-
-  read -r program version _ < <($expectedProgram "$@" -V)
-
-  declare ok=true
-  [[ $program = "$expectedProgram" ]] || ok=false
-  [[ $version =~ $expectedVersion ]] || ok=false
-
-  echo "Found $program $version"
-  if ! $ok; then
-    echo Error: expected "$expectedProgram $expectedVersion"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
-
-case ${1:-stable} in
-nightly)
-  require rustc 1.34.[0-9]+-nightly +nightly
-  require cargo 1.34.[0-9]+-nightly +nightly
-  ;;
-stable)
-  require rustc 1.32.[0-9]+
-  require cargo 1.32.[0-9]+
-  ;;
-*)
-  echo Error: unknown argument: "$1"
-  exit 1
-  ;;
-esac
-
-exit 0

client/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[package]
+name = "solana-client"
+version = "0.13.0"
+description = "Solana Client"
+authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
+homepage = "https://solana.com/"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+bincode = "1.1.2"
+bs58 = "0.2.0"
+log = "0.4.2"
+jsonrpc-core = "10.1.0"
+reqwest = "0.9.11"
+serde = "1.0.89"
+serde_derive = "1.0.88"
+serde_json = "1.0.39"
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.13.0" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+jsonrpc-core = "10.1.0"
+jsonrpc-http-server = "10.1.0"
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.13.0" }

client/src/generic_rpc_client_request.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use crate::rpc_request::RpcRequest;
+
+pub(crate) trait GenericRpcClientRequest {
+    fn send(
+        &self,
+        request: &RpcRequest,
+        params: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+        retries: usize,
+    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>;
+}

client/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+mod generic_rpc_client_request;
+pub mod mock_rpc_client_request;
+pub mod rpc_client;
+pub mod rpc_client_request;
+pub mod rpc_request;
+pub mod thin_client;

client/src/mock_rpc_client_request.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use crate::generic_rpc_client_request::GenericRpcClientRequest;
+use crate::rpc_request::RpcRequest;
+use serde_json::{Number, Value};
+use solana_sdk::transaction::{self, TransactionError};
+
+pub const PUBKEY: &str = "7RoSF9fUmdphVCpabEoefH81WwrW7orsWonXWqTXkKV8";
+pub const SIGNATURE: &str =
+    "43yNSFC6fYTuPgTNFFhF4axw7AfWxB2BPdurme8yrsWEYwm8299xh8n6TAHjGymiSub1XtyxTNyd9GBfY2hxoBw8";
+
+pub struct MockRpcClientRequest {
+    url: String,
+}
+
+impl MockRpcClientRequest {
+    pub fn new(url: String) -> Self {
+        Self { url }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenericRpcClientRequest for MockRpcClientRequest {
+    fn send(
+        &self,
+        request: &RpcRequest,
+        params: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+        _retries: usize,
+    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        if self.url == "fails" {
+            return Ok(Value::Null);
+        }
+        let val = match request {
+            RpcRequest::ConfirmTransaction => {
+                if let Some(Value::Array(param_array)) = params {
+                    if let Value::String(param_string) = &param_array[0] {
+                        Value::Bool(param_string == SIGNATURE)
+                    } else {
+                        Value::Null
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Value::Null
+                }
+            }
+            RpcRequest::GetBalance => {
+                let n = if self.url == "airdrop" { 0 } else { 50 };
+                Value::Number(Number::from(n))
+            }
+            RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash => Value::String(PUBKEY.to_string()),
+            RpcRequest::GetSignatureStatus => {
+                let response: Option<transaction::Result<()>> = if self.url == "account_in_use" {
+                    Some(Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse))
+                } else if self.url == "sig_not_found" {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(Ok(()))
+                };
+                serde_json::to_value(response).unwrap()
+            }
+            RpcRequest::GetTransactionCount => Value::Number(Number::from(1234)),
+            RpcRequest::SendTransaction => Value::String(SIGNATURE.to_string()),
+            _ => Value::Null,
+        };
+        Ok(val)
+    }
+}

client/src/rpc_client.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+use crate::generic_rpc_client_request::GenericRpcClientRequest;
+use crate::mock_rpc_client_request::MockRpcClientRequest;
+use crate::rpc_client_request::RpcClientRequest;
+use crate::rpc_request::RpcRequest;
+use bincode::serialize;
+use bs58;
+use log::*;
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
+use solana_sdk::account::Account;
+use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil, Signature};
+use solana_sdk::timing::{DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND};
+use solana_sdk::transaction::{self, Transaction, TransactionError};
+use std::error;
+use std::io;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+pub struct RpcClient {
+    client: Box<GenericRpcClientRequest>,
+}
+
+impl RpcClient {
+    pub fn new(url: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            client: Box::new(RpcClientRequest::new(url)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_mock(url: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            client: Box::new(MockRpcClientRequest::new(url)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_socket(addr: SocketAddr) -> Self {
+        Self::new(get_rpc_request_str(addr, false))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_socket_with_timeout(addr: SocketAddr, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
+        let url = get_rpc_request_str(addr, false);
+        Self {
+            client: Box::new(RpcClientRequest::new_with_timeout(url, timeout)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_transaction(
+        &self,
+        transaction: &Transaction,
+    ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let serialized = serialize(transaction).unwrap();
+        let params = json!([serialized]);
+        let signature = self
+            .client
+            .send(&RpcRequest::SendTransaction, Some(params), 5)?;
+        if signature.as_str().is_none() {
+            Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                "Received result of an unexpected type",
+            ))?;
+        }
+        Ok(signature.as_str().unwrap().to_string())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_signature_status(
+        &self,
+        signature: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<transaction::Result<()>>, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let params = json!([signature.to_string()]);
+        let signature_status =
+            self.client
+                .send(&RpcRequest::GetSignatureStatus, Some(params), 5)?;
+        let result: Option<transaction::Result<()>> =
+            serde_json::from_value(signature_status).unwrap();
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_and_confirm_transaction<T: KeypairUtil>(
+        &self,
+        transaction: &mut Transaction,
+        signer: &T,
+    ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let mut send_retries = 5;
+        loop {
+            let mut status_retries = 4;
+            let signature_str = self.send_transaction(transaction)?;
+            let status = loop {
+                let status = self.get_signature_status(&signature_str)?;
+                if status.is_none() {
+                    status_retries -= 1;
+                    if status_retries == 0 {
+                        break status;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    break status;
+                }
+                if cfg!(not(test)) {
+                    // Retry ~twice during a slot
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+                        500 * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT / NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND,
+                    ));
+                }
+            };
+            send_retries = if let Some(result) = status.clone() {
+                match result {
+                    Ok(_) => return Ok(signature_str),
+                    Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse) => {
+                        // Fetch a new blockhash and re-sign the transaction before sending it again
+                        self.resign_transaction(transaction, signer)?;
+                        send_retries - 1
+                    }
+                    Err(_) => 0,
+                }
+            } else {
+                send_retries - 1
+            };
+            if send_retries == 0 {
+                Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!("Transaction {:?} failed: {:?}", signature_str, status),
+                ))?;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_and_confirm_transactions(
+        &self,
+        mut transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
+        signer: &Keypair,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let mut send_retries = 5;
+        loop {
+            let mut status_retries = 4;
+
+            // Send all transactions
+            let mut transactions_signatures = vec![];
+            for transaction in transactions {
+                if cfg!(not(test)) {
+                    // Delay ~1 tick between write transactions in an attempt to reduce AccountInUse errors
+                    // when all the write transactions modify the same program account (eg, deploying a
+                    // new program)
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000 / NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND));
+                }
+
+                let signature = self.send_transaction(&transaction).ok();
+                transactions_signatures.push((transaction, signature))
+            }
+
+            // Collect statuses for all the transactions, drop those that are confirmed
+            while status_retries > 0 {
+                status_retries -= 1;
+
+                if cfg!(not(test)) {
+                    // Retry ~twice during a slot
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+                        500 * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT / NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND,
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                transactions_signatures = transactions_signatures
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .filter(|(_transaction, signature)| {
+                        if let Some(signature) = signature {
+                            if let Ok(status) = self.get_signature_status(&signature) {
+                                if status.is_none() {
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                                return status.unwrap().is_err();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        true
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+
+                if transactions_signatures.is_empty() {
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if send_retries == 0 {
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "Transactions failed"))?;
+            }
+            send_retries -= 1;
+
+            // Re-sign any failed transactions with a new blockhash and retry
+            let blockhash =
+                self.get_new_blockhash(&transactions_signatures[0].0.message().recent_blockhash)?;
+            transactions = transactions_signatures
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(mut transaction, _)| {
+                    transaction.sign(&[signer], blockhash);
+                    transaction
+                })
+                .collect();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resign_transaction<T: KeypairUtil>(
+        &self,
+        tx: &mut Transaction,
+        signer_key: &T,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let blockhash = self.get_new_blockhash(&tx.message().recent_blockhash)?;
+        tx.sign(&[signer_key], blockhash);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn retry_get_balance(
+        &self,
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        retries: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Option<u64>, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        let params = json!([format!("{}", pubkey)]);
+        let res = self
+            .client
+            .send(&RpcRequest::GetBalance, Some(params), retries)?
+            .as_u64();
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_account_data(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let params = json!([format!("{}", pubkey)]);
+        let response = self
+            .client
+            .send(&RpcRequest::GetAccountInfo, Some(params), 0);
+        match response {
+            Ok(account_json) => {
+                let account: Account =
+                    serde_json::from_value(account_json).expect("deserialize account");
+                Ok(account.data)
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                debug!("get_account_data failed: {:?}", error);
+                Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "get_account_data failed",
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Request the balance of the user holding `pubkey`. This method blocks
+    /// until the server sends a response. If the response packet is dropped
+    /// by the network, this method will hang indefinitely.
+    pub fn get_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        let params = json!([format!("{}", pubkey)]);
+        let response = self
+            .client
+            .send(&RpcRequest::GetAccountInfo, Some(params), 0);
+
+        response
+            .and_then(|account_json| {
+                let account: Account =
+                    serde_json::from_value(account_json).expect("deserialize account");
+                trace!("Response account {:?} {:?}", pubkey, account);
+                trace!("get_balance {:?}", account.lamports);
+                Ok(account.lamports)
+            })
+            .map_err(|error| {
+                debug!("Response account {}: None (error: {:?})", pubkey, error);
+                io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "AccountNotFound")
+            })
+    }
+
+    /// Request the transaction count.  If the response packet is dropped by the network,
+    /// this method will try again 5 times.
+    pub fn get_transaction_count(&self) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        debug!("get_transaction_count");
+
+        let mut num_retries = 5;
+        while num_retries > 0 {
+            let response = self.client.send(&RpcRequest::GetTransactionCount, None, 0);
+
+            match response {
+                Ok(value) => {
+                    debug!("transaction_count response: {:?}", value);
+                    if let Some(transaction_count) = value.as_u64() {
+                        return Ok(transaction_count);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    debug!("transaction_count failed: {:?}", err);
+                }
+            }
+            num_retries -= 1;
+        }
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            "Unable to get transaction count, too many retries",
+        ))?
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_recent_blockhash(&self) -> io::Result<Hash> {
+        let mut num_retries = 5;
+        while num_retries > 0 {
+            match self.client.send(&RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash, None, 0) {
+                Ok(value) => {
+                    if let Some(blockhash_str) = value.as_str() {
+                        let blockhash_vec = bs58::decode(blockhash_str)
+                            .into_vec()
+                            .expect("bs58::decode");
+                        return Ok(Hash::new(&blockhash_vec));
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    debug!("retry_get_recent_blockhash failed: {:?}", err);
+                }
+            }
+            num_retries -= 1;
+        }
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            "Unable to get recent blockhash, too many retries",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_new_blockhash(&self, blockhash: &Hash) -> io::Result<Hash> {
+        let mut num_retries = 10;
+        while num_retries > 0 {
+            if let Ok(new_blockhash) = self.get_recent_blockhash() {
+                if new_blockhash != *blockhash {
+                    return Ok(new_blockhash);
+                }
+            }
+            debug!("Got same blockhash ({:?}), will retry...", blockhash);
+
+            // Retry ~twice during a slot
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+                500 * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT / NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND,
+            ));
+            num_retries -= 1;
+        }
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            "Unable to get new blockhash, too many retries",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_balance_with_timeout(
+        &self,
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        polling_frequency: &Duration,
+        timeout: &Duration,
+    ) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        loop {
+            match self.get_balance(&pubkey) {
+                Ok(bal) => {
+                    return Ok(bal);
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    sleep(*polling_frequency);
+                    if now.elapsed() > *timeout {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_get_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        self.poll_balance_with_timeout(pubkey, &Duration::from_millis(100), &Duration::from_secs(1))
+    }
+
+    pub fn wait_for_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey, expected_balance: Option<u64>) -> Option<u64> {
+        const LAST: usize = 30;
+        for run in 0..LAST {
+            let balance_result = self.poll_get_balance(pubkey);
+            if expected_balance.is_none() {
+                return balance_result.ok();
+            }
+            trace!(
+                "retry_get_balance[{}] {:?} {:?}",
+                run,
+                balance_result,
+                expected_balance
+            );
+            if let (Some(expected_balance), Ok(balance_result)) = (expected_balance, balance_result)
+            {
+                if expected_balance == balance_result {
+                    return Some(balance_result);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Poll the server to confirm a transaction.
+    pub fn poll_for_signature(&self, signature: &Signature) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        while !self.check_signature(signature) {
+            if now.elapsed().as_secs() > 15 {
+                // TODO: Return a better error.
+                return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "signature not found"));
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Check a signature in the bank.
+    pub fn check_signature(&self, signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+        trace!("check_signature: {:?}", signature);
+        let params = json!([format!("{}", signature)]);
+
+        for _ in 0..30 {
+            let response =
+                self.client
+                    .send(&RpcRequest::ConfirmTransaction, Some(params.clone()), 0);
+
+            match response {
+                Ok(confirmation) => {
+                    let signature_status = confirmation.as_bool().unwrap();
+                    if signature_status {
+                        trace!("Response found signature");
+                    } else {
+                        trace!("Response signature not found");
+                    }
+
+                    return signature_status;
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    debug!("check_signature request failed: {:?}", err);
+                }
+            };
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250));
+        }
+
+        panic!("Couldn't check signature of {}", signature);
+    }
+
+    /// Poll the server to confirm a transaction.
+    pub fn poll_for_signature_confirmation(
+        &self,
+        signature: &Signature,
+        min_confirmed_blocks: usize,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mut now = Instant::now();
+        let mut confirmed_blocks = 0;
+        loop {
+            let response = self.get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation(signature);
+            match response {
+                Ok(count) => {
+                    if confirmed_blocks != count {
+                        info!(
+                            "signature {} confirmed {} out of {}",
+                            signature, count, min_confirmed_blocks
+                        );
+                        now = Instant::now();
+                        confirmed_blocks = count;
+                    }
+                    if count >= min_confirmed_blocks {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    debug!("check_confirmations request failed: {:?}", err);
+                }
+            };
+            if now.elapsed().as_secs() > 15 {
+                // TODO: Return a better error.
+                return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "signature not found"));
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation(
+        &self,
+        sig: &Signature,
+    ) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let params = json!([format!("{}", sig)]);
+        let response = self
+            .client
+            .send(
+                &RpcRequest::GetNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation,
+                Some(params.clone()),
+                1,
+            )
+            .map_err(|error| {
+                debug!(
+                    "Response get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation: {}",
+                    error
+                );
+                io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    "GetNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation request failure",
+                )
+            })?;
+        serde_json::from_value(response).map_err(|error| {
+            debug!(
+                "ParseError: get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation: {}",
+                error
+            );
+            io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                "GetNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation parse failure",
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn fullnode_exit(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        let response = self
+            .client
+            .send(&RpcRequest::FullnodeExit, None, 0)
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!("FullnodeExit request failure: {:?}", err),
+                )
+            })?;
+        serde_json::from_value(response).map_err(|err| {
+            io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!("FullnodeExit parse failure: {:?}", err),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Remove
+    pub fn retry_make_rpc_request(
+        &self,
+        request: &RpcRequest,
+        params: Option<Value>,
+        retries: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Value, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
+        self.client.send(request, params, retries)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_rpc_request_str(rpc_addr: SocketAddr, tls: bool) -> String {
+    if tls {
+        format!("https://{}", rpc_addr)
+    } else {
+        format!("http://{}", rpc_addr)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::mock_rpc_client_request::{PUBKEY, SIGNATURE};
+    use jsonrpc_core::{Error, IoHandler, Params};
+    use jsonrpc_http_server::{AccessControlAllowOrigin, DomainsValidation, ServerBuilder};
+    use serde_json::Number;
+    use solana_logger;
+    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
+    use solana_sdk::transaction::TransactionError;
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+    use std::thread;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_make_rpc_request() {
+        let (sender, receiver) = channel();
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            let rpc_addr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+            let mut io = IoHandler::default();
+            // Successful request
+            io.add_method("getBalance", |_params: Params| {
+                Ok(Value::Number(Number::from(50)))
+            });
+            // Failed request
+            io.add_method("getRecentBlockhash", |params: Params| {
+                if params != Params::None {
+                    Err(Error::invalid_request())
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Value::String(
+                        "deadbeefXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNHhx".to_string(),
+                    ))
+                }
+            });
+
+            let server = ServerBuilder::new(io)
+                .threads(1)
+                .cors(DomainsValidation::AllowOnly(vec![
+                    AccessControlAllowOrigin::Any,
+                ]))
+                .start_http(&rpc_addr)
+                .expect("Unable to start RPC server");
+            sender.send(*server.address()).unwrap();
+            server.wait();
+        });
+
+        let rpc_addr = receiver.recv().unwrap();
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_socket(rpc_addr);
+
+        let balance = rpc_client.retry_make_rpc_request(
+            &RpcRequest::GetBalance,
+            Some(json!(["deadbeefXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNHhx"])),
+            0,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(balance.unwrap().as_u64().unwrap(), 50);
+
+        let blockhash = rpc_client.retry_make_rpc_request(&RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash, None, 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            blockhash.unwrap().as_str().unwrap(),
+            "deadbeefXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNHhx"
+        );
+
+        // Send erroneous parameter
+        let blockhash = rpc_client.retry_make_rpc_request(
+            &RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash,
+            Some(json!("paramter")),
+            0,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(blockhash.is_err(), true);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_retry_make_rpc_request() {
+        solana_logger::setup();
+        let (sender, receiver) = channel();
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            // 1. Pick a random port
+            // 2. Tell the client to start using it
+            // 3. Delay for 1.5 seconds before starting the server to ensure the client will fail
+            //    and need to retry
+            let rpc_addr: SocketAddr = "0.0.0.0:4242".parse().unwrap();
+            sender.send(rpc_addr.clone()).unwrap();
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(1500));
+
+            let mut io = IoHandler::default();
+            io.add_method("getBalance", move |_params: Params| {
+                Ok(Value::Number(Number::from(5)))
+            });
+            let server = ServerBuilder::new(io)
+                .threads(1)
+                .cors(DomainsValidation::AllowOnly(vec![
+                    AccessControlAllowOrigin::Any,
+                ]))
+                .start_http(&rpc_addr)
+                .expect("Unable to start RPC server");
+            server.wait();
+        });
+
+        let rpc_addr = receiver.recv().unwrap();
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_socket(rpc_addr);
+
+        let balance = rpc_client.retry_make_rpc_request(
+            &RpcRequest::GetBalance,
+            Some(json!(["deadbeefXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNHhw"])),
+            10,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(balance.unwrap().as_u64().unwrap(), 5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_send_transaction() {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("succeeds".to_string());
+
+        let key = Keypair::new();
+        let to = Pubkey::new_rand();
+        let blockhash = Hash::default();
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&key, &to, 50, blockhash, 0);
+
+        let signature = rpc_client.send_transaction(&tx);
+        assert_eq!(signature.unwrap(), SIGNATURE.to_string());
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("fails".to_string());
+
+        let signature = rpc_client.send_transaction(&tx);
+        assert!(signature.is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_get_recent_blockhash() {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("succeeds".to_string());
+
+        let vec = bs58::decode(PUBKEY).into_vec().unwrap();
+        let expected_blockhash = Hash::new(&vec);
+
+        let blockhash = dbg!(rpc_client.get_recent_blockhash()).expect("blockhash ok");
+        assert_eq!(blockhash, expected_blockhash);
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("fails".to_string());
+
+        let blockhash = dbg!(rpc_client.get_recent_blockhash());
+        assert!(blockhash.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_get_signature_status() {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("succeeds".to_string());
+        let signature = "good_signature";
+        let status = rpc_client.get_signature_status(&signature).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(status, Some(Ok(())));
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("sig_not_found".to_string());
+        let signature = "sig_not_found";
+        let status = rpc_client.get_signature_status(&signature).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(status, None);
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("account_in_use".to_string());
+        let signature = "account_in_use";
+        let status = rpc_client.get_signature_status(&signature).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(status, Some(Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_send_and_confirm_transaction() {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("succeeds".to_string());
+
+        let key = Keypair::new();
+        let to = Pubkey::new_rand();
+        let blockhash = Hash::default();
+        let mut tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&key, &to, 50, blockhash, 0);
+
+        let result = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&mut tx, &key);
+        result.unwrap();
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("account_in_use".to_string());
+        let result = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&mut tx, &key);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("fails".to_string());
+        let result = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&mut tx, &key);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resign_transaction() {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_mock("succeeds".to_string());
+
+        let key = Keypair::new();
+        let to = Pubkey::new_rand();
+        let vec = bs58::decode("HUu3LwEzGRsUkuJS121jzkPJW39Kq62pXCTmTa1F9jDL")
+            .into_vec()
+            .unwrap();
+        let blockhash = Hash::new(&vec);
+        let prev_tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&key, &to, 50, blockhash, 0);
+        let mut tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&key, &to, 50, blockhash, 0);
+
+        rpc_client.resign_transaction(&mut tx, &key).unwrap();
+
+        assert_ne!(prev_tx, tx);
+        assert_ne!(prev_tx.signatures, tx.signatures);
+        assert_ne!(
+            prev_tx.message().recent_blockhash,
+            tx.message().recent_blockhash
+        );
+    }
+
+}

client/src/rpc_client_request.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::generic_rpc_client_request::GenericRpcClientRequest;
+use crate::rpc_request::{RpcError, RpcRequest};
+use log::*;
+use reqwest;
+use reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+use solana_sdk::timing::{DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND};
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+pub struct RpcClientRequest {
+    client: reqwest::Client,
+    url: String,
+}
+
+impl RpcClientRequest {
+    pub fn new(url: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            client: reqwest::Client::new(),
+            url,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_timeout(url: String, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
+        let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
+            .timeout(timeout)
+            .build()
+            .expect("build rpc client");
+
+        Self { client, url }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenericRpcClientRequest for RpcClientRequest {
+    fn send(
+        &self,
+        request: &RpcRequest,
+        params: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+        mut retries: usize,
+    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+        // Concurrent requests are not supported so reuse the same request id for all requests
+        let request_id = 1;
+
+        let request_json = request.build_request_json(request_id, params);
+
+        loop {
+            match self
+                .client
+                .post(&self.url)
+                .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+                .body(request_json.to_string())
+                .send()
+            {
+                Ok(mut response) => {
+                    let json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&response.text()?)?;
+                    if json["error"].is_object() {
+                        Err(RpcError::RpcRequestError(format!(
+                            "RPC Error response: {}",
+                            serde_json::to_string(&json["error"]).unwrap()
+                        )))?
+                    }
+                    return Ok(json["result"].clone());
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    info!(
+                        "make_rpc_request() failed, {} retries left: {:?}",
+                        retries, e
+                    );
+                    if retries == 0 {
+                        Err(e)?;
+                    }
+                    retries -= 1;
+
+                    // Sleep for approximately half a slot
+                    sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+                        500 * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT / NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND,
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

client/src/rpc_request.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
+use std::{error, fmt};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum RpcRequest {
+    ConfirmTransaction,
+    GetAccountInfo,
+    GetBalance,
+    GetRecentBlockhash,
+    GetSignatureStatus,
+    GetTransactionCount,
+    RequestAirdrop,
+    SendTransaction,
+    RegisterNode,
+    SignVote,
+    DeregisterNode,
+    GetStorageBlockhash,
+    GetStorageEntryHeight,
+    GetStoragePubkeysForEntryHeight,
+    FullnodeExit,
+    GetNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation,
+}
+
+impl RpcRequest {
+    pub(crate) fn build_request_json(&self, id: u64, params: Option<Value>) -> Value {
+        let jsonrpc = "2.0";
+        let method = match self {
+            RpcRequest::ConfirmTransaction => "confirmTransaction",
+            RpcRequest::GetAccountInfo => "getAccountInfo",
+            RpcRequest::GetBalance => "getBalance",
+            RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash => "getRecentBlockhash",
+            RpcRequest::GetSignatureStatus => "getSignatureStatus",
+            RpcRequest::GetTransactionCount => "getTransactionCount",
+            RpcRequest::RequestAirdrop => "requestAirdrop",
+            RpcRequest::SendTransaction => "sendTransaction",
+            RpcRequest::RegisterNode => "registerNode",
+            RpcRequest::SignVote => "signVote",
+            RpcRequest::DeregisterNode => "deregisterNode",
+            RpcRequest::GetStorageBlockhash => "getStorageBlockhash",
+            RpcRequest::GetStorageEntryHeight => "getStorageEntryHeight",
+            RpcRequest::GetStoragePubkeysForEntryHeight => "getStoragePubkeysForEntryHeight",
+            RpcRequest::FullnodeExit => "fullnodeExit",
+            RpcRequest::GetNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation => {
+                "getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation"
+            }
+        };
+        let mut request = json!({
+           "jsonrpc": jsonrpc,
+           "id": id,
+           "method": method,
+        });
+        if let Some(param_string) = params {
+            request["params"] = param_string;
+        }
+        request
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum RpcError {
+    RpcRequestError(String),
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for RpcError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "invalid")
+    }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for RpcError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "invalid"
+    }
+
+    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn error::Error> {
+        // Generic error, underlying cause isn't tracked.
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_build_request_json() {
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::GetAccountInfo;
+        let addr = json!(["deadbeefXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNHhx"]);
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, Some(addr.clone()));
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "getAccountInfo");
+        assert_eq!(request["params"], addr,);
+
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::GetBalance;
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, Some(addr));
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "getBalance");
+
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::GetRecentBlockhash;
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, None);
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "getRecentBlockhash");
+
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::GetTransactionCount;
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, None);
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "getTransactionCount");
+
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::RequestAirdrop;
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, None);
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "requestAirdrop");
+
+        let test_request = RpcRequest::SendTransaction;
+        let request = test_request.build_request_json(1, None);
+        assert_eq!(request["method"], "sendTransaction");
+    }
+}

client/src/thin_client.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+//! The `thin_client` module is a client-side object that interfaces with
+//! a server-side TPU.  Client code should use this object instead of writing
+//! messages to the network directly. The binary encoding of its messages are
+//! unstable and may change in future releases.
+
+use crate::rpc_client::RpcClient;
+use bincode::{serialize_into, serialized_size};
+use log::*;
+use solana_sdk::client::{AsyncClient, Client, SyncClient};
+use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
+use solana_sdk::instruction::Instruction;
+use solana_sdk::message::Message;
+use solana_sdk::packet::PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil, Signature};
+use solana_sdk::system_instruction;
+use solana_sdk::transaction::{self, Transaction};
+use solana_sdk::transport::Result as TransportResult;
+use std::io;
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// An object for querying and sending transactions to the network.
+pub struct ThinClient {
+    transactions_addr: SocketAddr,
+    transactions_socket: UdpSocket,
+    rpc_client: RpcClient,
+}
+
+impl ThinClient {
+    /// Create a new ThinClient that will interface with the Rpc at `rpc_addr` using TCP
+    /// and the Tpu at `transactions_addr` over `transactions_socket` using UDP.
+    pub fn new(
+        rpc_addr: SocketAddr,
+        transactions_addr: SocketAddr,
+        transactions_socket: UdpSocket,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new_from_client(
+            transactions_addr,
+            transactions_socket,
+            RpcClient::new_socket(rpc_addr),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_socket_with_timeout(
+        rpc_addr: SocketAddr,
+        transactions_addr: SocketAddr,
+        transactions_socket: UdpSocket,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let rpc_client = RpcClient::new_socket_with_timeout(rpc_addr, timeout);
+        Self::new_from_client(transactions_addr, transactions_socket, rpc_client)
+    }
+
+    fn new_from_client(
+        transactions_addr: SocketAddr,
+        transactions_socket: UdpSocket,
+        rpc_client: RpcClient,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rpc_client,
+            transactions_addr,
+            transactions_socket,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Retry a sending a signed Transaction to the server for processing.
+    pub fn retry_transfer_until_confirmed(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        transaction: &mut Transaction,
+        tries: usize,
+        min_confirmed_blocks: usize,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        self.send_and_confirm_transaction(&[keypair], transaction, tries, min_confirmed_blocks)
+    }
+
+    /// Retry sending a signed Transaction with one signing Keypair to the server for processing.
+    pub fn retry_transfer(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        transaction: &mut Transaction,
+        tries: usize,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        self.send_and_confirm_transaction(&[keypair], transaction, tries, 0)
+    }
+
+    /// Retry sending a signed Transaction to the server for processing
+    pub fn send_and_confirm_transaction(
+        &self,
+        keypairs: &[&Keypair],
+        transaction: &mut Transaction,
+        tries: usize,
+        min_confirmed_blocks: usize,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        for x in 0..tries {
+            let mut buf = vec![0; serialized_size(&transaction).unwrap() as usize];
+            let mut wr = std::io::Cursor::new(&mut buf[..]);
+            serialize_into(&mut wr, &transaction)
+                .expect("serialize Transaction in pub fn transfer_signed");
+            self.transactions_socket
+                .send_to(&buf[..], &self.transactions_addr)?;
+            if self
+                .poll_for_signature_confirmation(&transaction.signatures[0], min_confirmed_blocks)
+                .is_ok()
+            {
+                return Ok(transaction.signatures[0]);
+            }
+            info!("{} tries failed transfer to {}", x, self.transactions_addr);
+            transaction.sign(keypairs, self.rpc_client.get_recent_blockhash()?);
+        }
+        Err(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            format!("retry_transfer failed in {} retries", tries),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_new_blockhash(&self, blockhash: &Hash) -> io::Result<Hash> {
+        self.rpc_client.get_new_blockhash(blockhash)
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_balance_with_timeout(
+        &self,
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        polling_frequency: &Duration,
+        timeout: &Duration,
+    ) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        self.rpc_client
+            .poll_balance_with_timeout(pubkey, polling_frequency, timeout)
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_get_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> io::Result<u64> {
+        self.rpc_client.poll_get_balance(pubkey)
+    }
+
+    pub fn wait_for_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey, expected_balance: Option<u64>) -> Option<u64> {
+        self.rpc_client.wait_for_balance(pubkey, expected_balance)
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll_for_signature(&self, signature: &Signature) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.rpc_client.poll_for_signature(signature)
+    }
+    /// Poll the server until the signature has been confirmed by at least `min_confirmed_blocks`
+    pub fn poll_for_signature_confirmation(
+        &self,
+        signature: &Signature,
+        min_confirmed_blocks: usize,
+    ) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.rpc_client
+            .poll_for_signature_confirmation(signature, min_confirmed_blocks)
+    }
+
+    /// Check a signature in the bank. This method blocks
+    /// until the server sends a response.
+    pub fn check_signature(&self, signature: &Signature) -> bool {
+        self.rpc_client.check_signature(signature)
+    }
+
+    pub fn fullnode_exit(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        self.rpc_client.fullnode_exit()
+    }
+    pub fn get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation(
+        &mut self,
+        sig: &Signature,
+    ) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.rpc_client
+            .get_num_blocks_since_signature_confirmation(sig)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Client for ThinClient {}
+
+impl SyncClient for ThinClient {
+    fn send_message(&self, keypairs: &[&Keypair], message: Message) -> TransportResult<Signature> {
+        let blockhash = self.get_recent_blockhash()?;
+        let mut transaction = Transaction::new(&keypairs, message, blockhash);
+        let signature = self.send_and_confirm_transaction(keypairs, &mut transaction, 5, 0)?;
+        Ok(signature)
+    }
+
+    fn send_instruction(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        instruction: Instruction,
+    ) -> TransportResult<Signature> {
+        let message = Message::new(vec![instruction]);
+        self.send_message(&[keypair], message)
+    }
+
+    fn transfer(
+        &self,
+        lamports: u64,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+    ) -> TransportResult<Signature> {
+        let transfer_instruction =
+            system_instruction::transfer(&keypair.pubkey(), pubkey, lamports);
+        self.send_instruction(keypair, transfer_instruction)
+    }
+
+    fn get_account_data(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> TransportResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        Ok(self.rpc_client.get_account_data(pubkey).ok())
+    }
+
+    fn get_balance(&self, pubkey: &Pubkey) -> TransportResult<u64> {
+        let balance = self.rpc_client.get_balance(pubkey)?;
+        Ok(balance)
+    }
+
+    fn get_signature_status(
+        &self,
+        signature: &Signature,
+    ) -> TransportResult<Option<transaction::Result<()>>> {
+        let status = self
+            .rpc_client
+            .get_signature_status(&signature.to_string())
+            .map_err(|err| {
+                io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                    format!("send_transaction failed with error {}", err),
+                )
+            })?;
+        Ok(status)
+    }
+
+    fn get_recent_blockhash(&self) -> TransportResult<Hash> {
+        let recent_blockhash = self.rpc_client.get_recent_blockhash()?;
+        Ok(recent_blockhash)
+    }
+
+    fn get_transaction_count(&self) -> TransportResult<u64> {
+        let transaction_count = self.rpc_client.get_transaction_count()?;
+        Ok(transaction_count)
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncClient for ThinClient {
+    fn async_send_transaction(&self, transaction: Transaction) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        let mut buf = vec![0; serialized_size(&transaction).unwrap() as usize];
+        let mut wr = std::io::Cursor::new(&mut buf[..]);
+        serialize_into(&mut wr, &transaction)
+            .expect("serialize Transaction in pub fn transfer_signed");
+        assert!(buf.len() < PACKET_DATA_SIZE);
+        self.transactions_socket
+            .send_to(&buf[..], &self.transactions_addr)?;
+        Ok(transaction.signatures[0])
+    }
+    fn async_send_message(
+        &self,
+        keypairs: &[&Keypair],
+        message: Message,
+        recent_blockhash: Hash,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        let transaction = Transaction::new(&keypairs, message, recent_blockhash);
+        self.async_send_transaction(transaction)
+    }
+    fn async_send_instruction(
+        &self,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        instruction: Instruction,
+        recent_blockhash: Hash,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        let message = Message::new(vec![instruction]);
+        self.async_send_message(&[keypair], message, recent_blockhash)
+    }
+    fn async_transfer(
+        &self,
+        lamports: u64,
+        keypair: &Keypair,
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        recent_blockhash: Hash,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        let transfer_instruction =
+            system_instruction::transfer(&keypair.pubkey(), pubkey, lamports);
+        self.async_send_instruction(keypair, transfer_instruction, recent_blockhash)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn create_client((rpc, tpu): (SocketAddr, SocketAddr), range: (u16, u16)) -> ThinClient {
+    let (_, transactions_socket) = solana_netutil::bind_in_range(range).unwrap();
+    ThinClient::new(rpc, tpu, transactions_socket)
+}
+
+pub fn create_client_with_timeout(
+    (rpc, tpu): (SocketAddr, SocketAddr),
+    range: (u16, u16),
+    timeout: Duration,
+) -> ThinClient {
+    let (_, transactions_socket) = solana_netutil::bind_in_range(range).unwrap();
+    ThinClient::new_socket_with_timeout(rpc, tpu, transactions_socket, timeout)
+}

core/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "solana"
 description = "Blockchain, Rebuilt for Scale"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/solana"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
-readme = "README.md"
+readme = "../README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -17,21 +17,22 @@ codecov = { repository = "solana-labs/solana", branch = "master", service = "git
 chacha = []
 cuda = []
 erasure = []
-kvstore = ["memmap"]
+kvstore = ["solana-kvstore"]
 
 [dependencies]
 bincode = "1.1.2"
 bs58 = "0.2.0"
 byteorder = "1.3.1"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["serde"] }
-hashbrown = "0.1.8"
+crc = { version = "1.8.1", optional = true }
+hashbrown = "0.2.0"
 indexmap = "1.0"
 itertools = "0.8.0"
-jsonrpc-core = "10.1.0"
-jsonrpc-derive = "10.1.0"
-jsonrpc-http-server = "10.1.0"
-jsonrpc-pubsub = "10.1.0"
-jsonrpc-ws-server = "10.1.0"
+jsonrpc-core = "11.0.0"
+jsonrpc-derive = "11.0.0"
+jsonrpc-http-server = "11.0.0"
+jsonrpc-pubsub = "11.0.0"
+jsonrpc-ws-server = "11.0.0"
 libc = "0.2.50"
 log = "0.4.2"
 memmap = { version = "0.7.0", optional = true }
@@ -45,24 +46,44 @@ rocksdb = "0.11.0"
 serde = "1.0.89"
 serde_derive = "1.0.88"
 serde_json = "1.0.39"
-solana-budget-api = { path = "../programs/budget_api", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-storage-api = { path = "../programs/storage_api", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-vote-api = { path = "../programs/vote_api", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-vote-signer = { path = "../vote-signer", version = "0.12.0" }
+solana-budget-api = { path = "../programs/budget_api", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-kvstore = { path = "../kvstore", version = "0.13.0", optional = true }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-storage-api = { path = "../programs/storage_api", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-vote-api = { path = "../programs/vote_api", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-vote-signer = { path = "../vote-signer", version = "0.13.0" }
 sys-info = "0.5.6"
 tokio = "0.1"
 tokio-codec = "0.1"
 untrusted = "0.6.2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-hex-literal = "0.1.3"
+hex-literal = "0.1.4"
 matches = "0.1.6"
-solana-vote-program = { path = "../programs/vote", version = "0.12.0" }
-solana-budget-program = { path = "../programs/budget", version = "0.12.0" }
+solana-vote-program = { path = "../programs/vote_program", version = "0.13.0" }
+solana-budget-program = { path = "../programs/budget_program", version = "0.13.0" }
 
+[[bench]]
+name = "banking_stage"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "blocktree"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "ledger"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "gen_keys"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "sigverify"
+
+[[bench]]
+required-features = ["chacha"]
+name = "chacha"

core/benches/banking_stage.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #![feature(test)]
 
 extern crate test;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate solana;
 
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use solana::banking_stage::{create_test_recorder, BankingStage};
+use solana::blocktree::{get_tmp_ledger_path, Blocktree};
 use solana::cluster_info::ClusterInfo;
 use solana::cluster_info::Node;
 use solana::packet::to_packets_chunked;
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ use solana_sdk::genesis_block::GenesisBlock;
 use solana_sdk::hash::hash;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{KeypairUtil, Signature};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
 use solana_sdk::timing::{DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES};
 use std::iter;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_accounts(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
 
     let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
     let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis_block));
-    let dummy = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+    let dummy = system_transaction::transfer(
         &mint_keypair,
         &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
         1,
@@ -67,17 +70,17 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_accounts(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
             let from: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
             let to: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
             let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            new.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
-            new.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
+            new.message.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
+            new.message.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
             new.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
             new
         })
         .collect();
     // fund all the accounts
     transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let fund = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+        let fund = system_transaction::transfer(
             &mint_keypair,
-            &tx.account_keys[0],
+            &tx.message.account_keys[0],
             mint_total / txes as u64,
             genesis_block.hash(),
             0,
@@ -104,33 +107,41 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_accounts(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
             (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
         })
         .collect();
-    let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) = create_test_recorder(&bank);
-    let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
-    let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
-    let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
-    poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
+    let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
+    {
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(
+            Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to be able to open database ledger"),
+        );
+        let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) =
+            create_test_recorder(&bank, &blocktree);
+        let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
+        let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
+        let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
+        poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
 
-    let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
-    for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
-        id = hash(&id.as_ref());
-        bank.register_tick(&id);
-    }
-
-    let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
-    let mut start = 0;
-    bencher.iter(move || {
-        // make sure the transactions are still valid
-        bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
-        for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
-            verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
+        let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
+        for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
+            id = hash(&id.as_ref());
+            bank.register_tick(&id);
         }
-        check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
-        bank.clear_signatures();
-        start += half_len;
-        start %= verified.len();
-    });
-    exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    poh_service.join().unwrap();
+
+        let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
+        let mut start = 0;
+        bencher.iter(move || {
+            // make sure the transactions are still valid
+            bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
+            for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
+                verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
+            }
+            check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
+            bank.clear_signatures();
+            start += half_len;
+            start %= verified.len();
+        });
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        poh_service.join().unwrap();
+    }
+    Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).unwrap();
 }
 
 #[bench]
@@ -145,7 +156,7 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_programs(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
 
     let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
     let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis_block));
-    let dummy = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+    let dummy = system_transaction::transfer(
         &mint_keypair,
         &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
         1,
@@ -159,33 +170,33 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_programs(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
             let from: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
             let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
             let to: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            new.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
-            new.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
-            let prog = new.instructions[0].clone();
+            new.message.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new(&from[0..32]);
+            new.message.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
+            let prog = new.message.instructions[0].clone();
             for i in 1..progs {
                 //generate programs that spend to random keys
                 let to: Vec<u8> = (0..32).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
                 let to_key = Pubkey::new(&to[0..32]);
-                new.account_keys.push(to_key);
-                assert_eq!(new.account_keys.len(), i + 2);
-                new.instructions.push(prog.clone());
-                assert_eq!(new.instructions.len(), i + 1);
-                new.instructions[i].accounts[1] = 1 + i as u8;
+                new.message.account_keys.push(to_key);
+                assert_eq!(new.message.account_keys.len(), i + 2);
+                new.message.instructions.push(prog.clone());
+                assert_eq!(new.message.instructions.len(), i + 1);
+                new.message.instructions[i].accounts[1] = 1 + i as u8;
                 assert_eq!(new.key(i, 1), Some(&to_key));
                 assert_eq!(
-                    new.account_keys[new.instructions[i].accounts[1] as usize],
+                    new.message.account_keys[new.message.instructions[i].accounts[1] as usize],
                     to_key
                 );
             }
-            assert_eq!(new.instructions.len(), progs);
+            assert_eq!(new.message.instructions.len(), progs);
             new.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
             new
         })
         .collect();
     transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let fund = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+        let fund = system_transaction::transfer(
             &mint_keypair,
-            &tx.account_keys[0],
+            &tx.message.account_keys[0],
             mint_total / txes as u64,
             genesis_block.hash(),
             0,
@@ -211,31 +222,40 @@ fn bench_banking_stage_multi_programs(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
             (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
         })
         .collect();
-    let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) = create_test_recorder(&bank);
-    let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
-    let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
-    let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
-    poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
 
-    let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
-    for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
-        id = hash(&id.as_ref());
-        bank.register_tick(&id);
-    }
+    let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
+    {
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(
+            Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to be able to open database ledger"),
+        );
+        let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) =
+            create_test_recorder(&bank, &blocktree);
+        let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
+        let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
+        let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(&cluster_info, &poh_recorder, verified_receiver);
+        poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
 
-    let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
-    let mut start = 0;
-    bencher.iter(move || {
-        // make sure the transactions are still valid
-        bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
-        for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
-            verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
+        let mut id = genesis_block.hash();
+        for _ in 0..(MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize) {
+            id = hash(&id.as_ref());
+            bank.register_tick(&id);
         }
-        check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
-        bank.clear_signatures();
-        start += half_len;
-        start %= verified.len();
-    });
-    exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    poh_service.join().unwrap();
+
+        let half_len = verified.len() / 2;
+        let mut start = 0;
+        bencher.iter(move || {
+            // make sure the transactions are still valid
+            bank.register_tick(&genesis_block.hash());
+            for v in verified[start..start + half_len].chunks(verified.len() / num_threads) {
+                verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
+            }
+            check_txs(&signal_receiver, txes / 2);
+            bank.clear_signatures();
+            start += half_len;
+            start %= verified.len();
+        });
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        poh_service.join().unwrap();
+    }
+    Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).unwrap();
 }

core/benches/ledger.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ extern crate test;
 use solana::entry::{next_entries, reconstruct_entries_from_blobs, EntrySlice};
 use solana_sdk::hash::{hash, Hash};
 use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
 use test::Bencher;
 
 #[bench]
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fn bench_block_to_blobs_to_block(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
     let zero = Hash::default();
     let one = hash(&zero.as_ref());
     let keypair = Keypair::new();
-    let tx0 = SystemTransaction::new_move(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, one, 0);
+    let tx0 = system_transaction::transfer(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, one, 0);
     let transactions = vec![tx0; 10];
     let entries = next_entries(&zero, 1, transactions);
 

core/src/bank_forks.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 //! The `bank_forks` module implments BankForks a DAG of checkpointed Banks
 
+use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use solana_metrics::counter::Counter;
 use solana_runtime::bank::Bank;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use solana_sdk::timing;
 use std::ops::Index;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 pub struct BankForks {
     banks: HashMap<u64, Arc<Bank>>,
@@ -27,17 +30,40 @@ impl BankForks {
             working_bank,
         }
     }
-    pub fn frozen_banks(&self) -> HashMap<u64, Arc<Bank>> {
-        let mut frozen_banks: Vec<Arc<Bank>> = vec![];
-        frozen_banks.extend(self.banks.values().filter(|v| v.is_frozen()).cloned());
-        frozen_banks.extend(
-            self.banks
-                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|(_, v)| v.parents())
-                .filter(|v| v.is_frozen()),
-        );
-        frozen_banks.into_iter().map(|b| (b.slot(), b)).collect()
+
+    /// Create a map of bank slot id to the set of ancestors for the bank slot.
+    pub fn ancestors(&self) -> HashMap<u64, HashSet<u64>> {
+        let mut ancestors = HashMap::new();
+        for bank in self.banks.values() {
+            let set = bank.parents().into_iter().map(|b| b.slot()).collect();
+            ancestors.insert(bank.slot(), set);
+        }
+        ancestors
     }
+
+    /// Create a map of bank slot id to the set of all of its descendants
+    pub fn descendants(&self) -> HashMap<u64, HashSet<u64>> {
+        let mut descendants = HashMap::new();
+        for bank in self.banks.values() {
+            let _ = descendants.entry(bank.slot()).or_insert(HashSet::new());
+            for parent in bank.parents() {
+                descendants
+                    .entry(parent.slot())
+                    .or_insert(HashSet::new())
+                    .insert(bank.slot());
+            }
+        }
+        descendants
+    }
+
+    pub fn frozen_banks(&self) -> HashMap<u64, Arc<Bank>> {
+        self.banks
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, b)| b.is_frozen())
+            .map(|(k, b)| (*k, b.clone()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     pub fn active_banks(&self) -> Vec<u64> {
         self.banks
             .iter()
@@ -45,6 +71,7 @@ impl BankForks {
             .map(|(k, _v)| *k)
             .collect()
     }
+
     pub fn get(&self, bank_slot: u64) -> Option<&Arc<Bank>> {
         self.banks.get(&bank_slot)
     }
@@ -61,30 +88,37 @@ impl BankForks {
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: use the bank's own ID instead of receiving a parameter?
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, bank_slot: u64, bank: Bank) {
-        let mut bank = Arc::new(bank);
-        assert_eq!(bank_slot, bank.slot());
-        let prev = self.banks.insert(bank_slot, bank.clone());
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, bank: Bank) {
+        let bank = Arc::new(bank);
+        let prev = self.banks.insert(bank.slot(), bank.clone());
         assert!(prev.is_none());
 
         self.working_bank = bank.clone();
-
-        // TODO: this really only needs to look at the first
-        //  parent if we're always calling insert()
-        //  when we construct a child bank
-        while let Some(parent) = bank.parent() {
-            if let Some(prev) = self.banks.remove(&parent.slot()) {
-                assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&prev, &parent));
-            }
-            bank = parent;
-        }
     }
 
     // TODO: really want to kill this...
     pub fn working_bank(&self) -> Arc<Bank> {
         self.working_bank.clone()
     }
+
+    pub fn set_root(&mut self, root: u64) {
+        let set_root_start = Instant::now();
+        let root_bank = self
+            .banks
+            .get(&root)
+            .expect("root bank didn't exist in bank_forks");
+        root_bank.squash();
+        self.prune_non_root(root);
+        inc_new_counter_info!(
+            "bank-forks_set_root_ms",
+            timing::duration_as_ms(&set_root_start.elapsed()) as usize
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn prune_non_root(&mut self, root: u64) {
+        self.banks
+            .retain(|slot, bank| *slot >= root || bank.is_in_subtree_of(root))
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -101,18 +135,53 @@ mod tests {
         let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank);
         let child_bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank_forks[0u64], &Pubkey::default(), 1);
         child_bank.register_tick(&Hash::default());
-        bank_forks.insert(1, child_bank);
+        bank_forks.insert(child_bank);
         assert_eq!(bank_forks[1u64].tick_height(), 1);
         assert_eq!(bank_forks.working_bank().tick_height(), 1);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bank_forks_descendants() {
+        let (genesis_block, _) = GenesisBlock::new(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank);
+        let bank0 = bank_forks[0].clone();
+        let bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank0, &Pubkey::default(), 1);
+        bank_forks.insert(bank);
+        let bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank0, &Pubkey::default(), 2);
+        bank_forks.insert(bank);
+        let descendants = bank_forks.descendants();
+        let children: Vec<u64> = descendants[&0].iter().cloned().collect();
+        assert_eq!(children, vec![1, 2]);
+        assert!(descendants[&1].is_empty());
+        assert!(descendants[&2].is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bank_forks_ancestors() {
+        let (genesis_block, _) = GenesisBlock::new(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank);
+        let bank0 = bank_forks[0].clone();
+        let bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank0, &Pubkey::default(), 1);
+        bank_forks.insert(bank);
+        let bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank0, &Pubkey::default(), 2);
+        bank_forks.insert(bank);
+        let ancestors = bank_forks.ancestors();
+        assert!(ancestors[&0].is_empty());
+        let parents: Vec<u64> = ancestors[&1].iter().cloned().collect();
+        assert_eq!(parents, vec![0]);
+        let parents: Vec<u64> = ancestors[&2].iter().cloned().collect();
+        assert_eq!(parents, vec![0]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_bank_forks_frozen_banks() {
         let (genesis_block, _) = GenesisBlock::new(10_000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank);
         let child_bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank_forks[0u64], &Pubkey::default(), 1);
-        bank_forks.insert(1, child_bank);
+        bank_forks.insert(child_bank);
         assert!(bank_forks.frozen_banks().get(&0).is_some());
         assert!(bank_forks.frozen_banks().get(&1).is_none());
     }
@@ -123,7 +192,7 @@ mod tests {
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank);
         let child_bank = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank_forks[0u64], &Pubkey::default(), 1);
-        bank_forks.insert(1, child_bank);
+        bank_forks.insert(child_bank);
         assert_eq!(bank_forks.active_banks(), vec![1]);
     }
 

core/src/blockstream.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 
 use crate::entry::Entry;
 use crate::result::Result;
+use bincode::serialize;
 use chrono::{SecondsFormat, Utc};
+use serde_json::json;
 use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
@@ -91,7 +93,13 @@ where
         leader_id: &Pubkey,
         entry: &Entry,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let json_entry = serde_json::to_string(&entry)?;
+        let transactions: Vec<Vec<u8>> = serialize_transactions(entry);
+        let stream_entry = json!({
+            "num_hashes": entry.num_hashes,
+            "hash": entry.hash,
+            "transactions": transactions
+        });
+        let json_entry = serde_json::to_string(&stream_entry)?;
         let payload = format!(
             r#"{{"dt":"{}","t":"entry","s":{},"h":{},"l":"{:?}","entry":{}}}"#,
             Utc::now().to_rfc3339_opts(SecondsFormat::Nanos, true),
@@ -148,6 +156,14 @@ impl MockBlockstream {
     }
 }
 
+fn serialize_transactions(entry: &Entry) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+    entry
+        .transactions
+        .iter()
+        .map(|tx| serialize(&tx).unwrap())
+        .collect()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;
@@ -156,8 +172,30 @@ mod test {
     use serde_json::Value;
     use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
     use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
     use std::collections::HashSet;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_serialize_transactions() {
+        let entry = Entry::new(&Hash::default(), 1, vec![]);
+        let empty_vec: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![];
+        assert_eq!(serialize_transactions(&entry), empty_vec);
+
+        let keypair0 = Keypair::new();
+        let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
+        let tx0 =
+            system_transaction::transfer(&keypair0, &keypair1.pubkey(), 1, Hash::default(), 0);
+        let tx1 =
+            system_transaction::transfer(&keypair1, &keypair0.pubkey(), 2, Hash::default(), 0);
+        let serialized_tx0 = serialize(&tx0).unwrap();
+        let serialized_tx1 = serialize(&tx1).unwrap();
+        let entry = Entry::new(&Hash::default(), 1, vec![tx0, tx1]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize_transactions(&entry),
+            vec![serialized_tx0, serialized_tx1]
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_blockstream() -> () {
         let blockstream = MockBlockstream::new("test_stream".to_string());
@@ -170,7 +208,7 @@ mod test {
         let tick_height_initial = 0;
         let tick_height_final = tick_height_initial + ticks_per_slot + 2;
         let mut curr_slot = 0;
-        let leader_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+        let leader_id = Pubkey::new_rand();
 
         for tick_height in tick_height_initial..=tick_height_final {
             if tick_height == 5 {

core/src/blockstream_service.rs

@@ -109,25 +109,26 @@ mod test {
     use super::*;
     use crate::blocktree::create_new_tmp_ledger;
     use crate::entry::{create_ticks, Entry};
+    use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
     use chrono::{DateTime, FixedOffset};
     use serde_json::Value;
     use solana_sdk::genesis_block::GenesisBlock;
     use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
     use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-    use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
     use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_blockstream_service_process_entries() {
         let ticks_per_slot = 5;
-        let leader_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+        let leader_id = Pubkey::new_rand();
 
         // Set up genesis block and blocktree
         let (mut genesis_block, _mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         genesis_block.ticks_per_slot = ticks_per_slot;
 
         let (ledger_path, _blockhash) = create_new_tmp_ledger!(&genesis_block);
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot).unwrap();
+        let blocktree = Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap();
 
         // Set up blockstream
         let mut blockstream = Blockstream::new("test_stream".to_string());
@@ -140,7 +141,13 @@ mod test {
 
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
         let mut blockhash = entries[3].hash;
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, Hash::default(), 0);
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+            &keypair,
+            &keypair.pubkey(),
+            1,
+            Hash::default(),
+            0,
+        );
         let entry = Entry::new(&mut blockhash, 1, vec![tx]);
         blockhash = entry.hash;
         entries.push(entry);
@@ -150,7 +157,9 @@ mod test {
         let expected_entries = entries.clone();
         let expected_tick_heights = [5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9];
 
-        blocktree.write_entries(1, 0, 0, &entries).unwrap();
+        blocktree
+            .write_entries(1, 0, 0, ticks_per_slot, &entries)
+            .unwrap();
 
         slot_full_sender.send((1, leader_id)).unwrap();
         BlockstreamService::process_entries(
@@ -180,13 +189,34 @@ mod test {
             assert_eq!(height, expected_tick_heights[i]);
             let entry_obj = json["entry"].clone();
             let tx = entry_obj["transactions"].as_array().unwrap();
+            let entry: Entry;
             if tx.len() == 0 {
-                // TODO: There is a bug in Transaction deserialize methods such that
-                // `serde_json::from_str` does not work for populated Entries.
-                // Remove this `if` when fixed.
-                let entry: Entry = serde_json::from_value(entry_obj).unwrap();
-                assert_eq!(entry, expected_entries[i]);
+                entry = serde_json::from_value(entry_obj).unwrap();
+            } else {
+                let entry_json = entry_obj.as_object().unwrap();
+                entry = Entry {
+                    num_hashes: entry_json.get("num_hashes").unwrap().as_u64().unwrap(),
+                    hash: serde_json::from_value(entry_json.get("hash").unwrap().clone()).unwrap(),
+                    transactions: entry_json
+                        .get("transactions")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_array()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(j, tx)| {
+                            let tx_vec: Vec<u8> = serde_json::from_value(tx.clone()).unwrap();
+                            // Check explicitly that transaction matches bincode-serialized format
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                tx_vec,
+                                serialize(&expected_entries[i].transactions[j]).unwrap()
+                            );
+                            deserialize(&tx_vec).unwrap()
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                };
             }
+            assert_eq!(entry, expected_entries[i]);
         }
         for json in block_events {
             let slot = json["s"].as_u64().unwrap();

core/src/blocktree/db.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use crate::entry::Entry;
 use crate::result::{Error, Result};
 
 use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -7,24 +6,58 @@ use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-pub trait Database: Sized + Send + Sync {
-    type Error: Into<Error>;
-    type Key: Borrow<Self::KeyRef>;
-    type KeyRef: ?Sized;
-    type ColumnFamily;
-    type Cursor: Cursor<Self>;
-    type EntryIter: Iterator<Item = Entry>;
+pub mod columns {
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// SlotMeta Column
+    pub struct SlotMeta;
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// Orphans Column
+    pub struct Orphans;
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// Erasure Column
+    pub struct Coding;
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// Data Column
+    pub struct Data;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// The erasure meta column
+    pub struct ErasureMeta;
+}
+
+pub trait Backend: Sized + Send + Sync {
+    type Key: ?Sized + ToOwned<Owned = Self::OwnedKey>;
+    type OwnedKey: Borrow<Self::Key>;
+    type ColumnFamily: Clone;
+    type Cursor: DbCursor<Self>;
+    type Iter: Iterator<Item = (Box<Self::Key>, Box<[u8]>)>;
     type WriteBatch: IWriteBatch<Self>;
+    type Error: Into<Error>;
 
-    fn cf_handle(&self, cf: &str) -> Option<Self::ColumnFamily>;
+    fn open(path: &Path) -> Result<Self>;
 
-    fn get_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::KeyRef) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>;
+    fn columns(&self) -> Vec<&'static str>;
 
-    fn put_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::KeyRef, data: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
+    fn destroy(path: &Path) -> Result<()>;
 
-    fn delete_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::KeyRef) -> Result<()>;
+    fn cf_handle(&self, cf: &str) -> Self::ColumnFamily;
+
+    fn get_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::Key) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>;
+
+    fn put_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::Key, value: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn delete_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &Self::Key) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn iterator_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily) -> Result<Self::Iter>;
 
     fn raw_iterator_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily) -> Result<Self::Cursor>;
 
@@ -33,163 +66,343 @@ pub trait Database: Sized + Send + Sync {
     fn batch(&self) -> Result<Self::WriteBatch>;
 }
 
-pub trait Cursor<D: Database> {
+pub trait Column<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    const NAME: &'static str;
+    type Index;
+
+    fn key(index: Self::Index) -> B::OwnedKey;
+    fn index(key: &B::Key) -> Self::Index;
+}
+
+pub trait DbCursor<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
     fn valid(&self) -> bool;
 
-    fn seek(&mut self, key: &D::KeyRef);
+    fn seek(&mut self, key: &B::Key);
 
     fn seek_to_first(&mut self);
 
     fn next(&mut self);
 
-    fn key(&self) -> Option<D::Key>;
+    fn key(&self) -> Option<B::OwnedKey>;
 
     fn value(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
 }
 
-pub trait IWriteBatch<D: Database> {
-    fn put_cf(&mut self, cf: D::ColumnFamily, key: &D::KeyRef, data: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
+pub trait IWriteBatch<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    fn put_cf(&mut self, cf: B::ColumnFamily, key: &B::Key, value: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
+    fn delete_cf(&mut self, cf: B::ColumnFamily, key: &B::Key) -> Result<()>;
 }
 
-pub trait IDataCf<D: Database>: LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<D> {
-    fn new(db: Arc<D>) -> Self;
-
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.get(key.borrow())
-    }
-
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.delete(&key.borrow())
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.put(key.borrow(), serialized_value)
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64, index: u64) -> D::Key;
-
-    fn slot_from_key(key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<u64>;
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<u64>;
+pub trait TypedColumn<B>: Column<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    type Type: Serialize + DeserializeOwned;
 }
 
-pub trait IErasureCf<D: Database>: LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<D> {
-    fn new(db: Arc<D>) -> Self;
-
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.delete(key.borrow())
-    }
-
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.get(key.borrow())
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.put(key.borrow(), serialized_value)
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64, index: u64) -> D::Key;
-
-    fn slot_from_key(key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<u64>;
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<u64>;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Database<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    backend: B,
 }
 
-pub trait IMetaCf<D: Database>: LedgerColumnFamily<D, ValueType = super::SlotMeta> {
-    fn new(db: Arc<D>) -> Self;
-
-    fn key(slot: u64) -> D::Key;
-
-    fn get_slot_meta(&self, slot: u64) -> Result<Option<super::SlotMeta>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot);
-        self.get(key.borrow())
-    }
-
-    fn put_slot_meta(&self, slot: u64, slot_meta: &super::SlotMeta) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot);
-        self.put(key.borrow(), slot_meta)
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<u64>;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Cursor<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: Column<B>,
+{
+    db_cursor: B::Cursor,
+    column: PhantomData<C>,
+    backend: PhantomData<B>,
 }
 
-pub trait LedgerColumnFamily<D: Database> {
-    type ValueType: DeserializeOwned + Serialize;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct LedgerColumn<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: Column<B>,
+{
+    pub db: Arc<Database<B>>,
+    column: PhantomData<C>,
+}
 
-    fn get(&self, key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<Option<Self::ValueType>> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        let data_bytes = db.get_cf(self.handle(), key)?;
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct WriteBatch<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    write_batch: B::WriteBatch,
+    backend: PhantomData<B>,
+    map: HashMap<&'static str, B::ColumnFamily>,
+}
 
-        if let Some(raw) = data_bytes {
-            let result: Self::ValueType = deserialize(&raw)?;
-            Ok(Some(result))
+impl<B> Database<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    pub fn open(path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
+        let backend = B::open(path)?;
+
+        Ok(Database { backend })
+    }
+
+    pub fn destroy(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        B::destroy(path)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_bytes<C>(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>>
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        self.backend
+            .get_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn put_bytes<C>(&self, key: C::Index, data: &[u8]) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        self.backend
+            .put_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow(), data)
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete<C>(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        self.backend
+            .delete_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get<C>(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<Option<C::Type>>
+    where
+        C: TypedColumn<B>,
+    {
+        if let Some(serialized_value) = self
+            .backend
+            .get_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow())?
+        {
+            let value = deserialize(&serialized_value)?;
+
+            Ok(Some(value))
         } else {
             Ok(None)
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_bytes(&self, key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        let data_bytes = db.get_cf(self.handle(), key)?;
-        Ok(data_bytes.map(|x| x.to_vec()))
+    pub fn put<C>(&self, key: C::Index, value: &C::Type) -> Result<()>
+    where
+        C: TypedColumn<B>,
+    {
+        let serialized_value = serialize(value)?;
+
+        self.backend.put_cf(
+            self.cf_handle::<C>(),
+            C::key(key).borrow(),
+            &serialized_value,
+        )
     }
 
-    fn put_bytes(&self, key: &D::KeyRef, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        db.put_cf(self.handle(), key, &serialized_value)?;
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn cursor<C>(&self) -> Result<Cursor<B, C>>
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        let db_cursor = self.backend.raw_iterator_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>())?;
+
+        Ok(Cursor {
+            db_cursor,
+            column: PhantomData,
+            backend: PhantomData,
+        })
     }
 
-    fn put(&self, key: &D::KeyRef, value: &Self::ValueType) -> Result<()> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        let serialized = serialize(value)?;
-        db.put_cf(self.handle(), key, &serialized)?;
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn iter<C>(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = (C::Index, Vec<u8>)>>
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        let iter = self
+            .backend
+            .iterator_cf(self.cf_handle::<C>())?
+            .map(|(key, value)| (C::index(&key), value.into()));
+
+        Ok(iter)
     }
 
-    fn delete(&self, key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<()> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        db.delete_cf(self.handle(), key)?;
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn batch(&self) -> Result<WriteBatch<B>> {
+        let db_write_batch = self.backend.batch()?;
+        let map = self
+            .backend
+            .columns()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|desc| (desc, self.backend.cf_handle(desc)))
+            .collect();
+
+        Ok(WriteBatch {
+            write_batch: db_write_batch,
+            backend: PhantomData,
+            map,
+        })
     }
 
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<D>;
+    pub fn write(&self, batch: WriteBatch<B>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.backend.write(batch.write_batch)
+    }
 
-    fn handle(&self) -> D::ColumnFamily;
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn cf_handle<C>(&self) -> B::ColumnFamily
+    where
+        C: Column<B>,
+    {
+        self.backend.cf_handle(C::NAME).clone()
+    }
 }
 
-pub trait LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<D: Database> {
-    fn get(&self, key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        let data_bytes = db.get_cf(self.handle(), key)?;
-        Ok(data_bytes.map(|x| x.to_vec()))
+impl<B, C> Cursor<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: Column<B>,
+{
+    pub fn valid(&self) -> bool {
+        self.db_cursor.valid()
     }
 
-    fn put(&self, key: &D::KeyRef, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        db.put_cf(self.handle(), &key, &serialized_value)?;
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn seek(&mut self, key: C::Index) {
+        self.db_cursor.seek(C::key(key).borrow());
     }
 
-    fn delete(&self, key: &D::KeyRef) -> Result<()> {
-        let db = self.db();
-        db.delete_cf(self.handle(), &key)?;
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn seek_to_first(&mut self) {
+        self.db_cursor.seek_to_first();
     }
 
-    fn raw_iterator(&self) -> D::Cursor {
-        let db = self.db();
-        db.raw_iterator_cf(self.handle())
-            .expect("Expected to be able to open database iterator")
+    pub fn next(&mut self) {
+        self.db_cursor.next();
     }
 
-    fn handle(&self) -> D::ColumnFamily;
+    pub fn key(&self) -> Option<C::Index> {
+        if let Some(key) = self.db_cursor.key() {
+            Some(C::index(key.borrow()))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<D>;
+    pub fn value_bytes(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.db_cursor.value()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B, C> Cursor<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: TypedColumn<B>,
+{
+    pub fn value(&self) -> Option<C::Type> {
+        if let Some(bytes) = self.db_cursor.value() {
+            let value = deserialize(&bytes).ok()?;
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B, C> LedgerColumn<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: Column<B>,
+{
+    pub fn new(db: &Arc<Database<B>>) -> Self {
+        LedgerColumn {
+            db: Arc::clone(db),
+            column: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn put_bytes(&self, key: C::Index, value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.db
+            .backend
+            .put_cf(self.handle(), C::key(key).borrow(), value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_bytes(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        self.db.backend.get_cf(self.handle(), C::key(key).borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<()> {
+        self.db
+            .backend
+            .delete_cf(self.handle(), C::key(key).borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn cursor(&self) -> Result<Cursor<B, C>> {
+        self.db.cursor()
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = (C::Index, Vec<u8>)>> {
+        self.db.iter::<C>()
+    }
+
+    pub fn handle(&self) -> B::ColumnFamily {
+        self.db.cf_handle::<C>()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> Result<bool> {
+        let mut cursor = self.cursor()?;
+        cursor.seek_to_first();
+        Ok(!cursor.valid())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B, C> LedgerColumn<B, C>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+    C: TypedColumn<B>,
+{
+    pub fn put(&self, key: C::Index, value: &C::Type) -> Result<()> {
+        self.db.put::<C>(key, value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, key: C::Index) -> Result<Option<C::Type>> {
+        self.db.get::<C>(key)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B> WriteBatch<B>
+where
+    B: Backend,
+{
+    pub fn put_bytes<C: Column<B>>(&mut self, key: C::Index, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_batch
+            .put_cf(self.get_cf::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow(), bytes)
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete<C: Column<B>>(&mut self, key: C::Index) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_batch
+            .delete_cf(self.get_cf::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow())
+    }
+
+    pub fn put<C: TypedColumn<B>>(&mut self, key: C::Index, value: &C::Type) -> Result<()> {
+        let serialized_value = serialize(&value)?;
+        self.write_batch
+            .put_cf(self.get_cf::<C>(), C::key(key).borrow(), &serialized_value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn get_cf<C: Column<B>>(&self) -> B::ColumnFamily {
+        self.map[C::NAME].clone()
+    }
 }

core/src/blocktree/kvs.rs

@@ -1,80 +1,42 @@
-use crate::entry::Entry;
-use crate::kvstore::{self, Key};
-use crate::packet::Blob;
+use crate::blocktree::db::columns as cf;
+use crate::blocktree::db::{Backend, Column, DbCursor, IWriteBatch, TypedColumn};
+use crate::blocktree::BlocktreeError;
 use crate::result::{Error, Result};
+use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder};
+use solana_kvstore::{self as kvstore, Key, KvStore};
+use std::path::Path;
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use super::db::{
-    Cursor, Database, IDataCf, IErasureCf, IMetaCf, IWriteBatch, LedgerColumnFamily,
-    LedgerColumnFamilyRaw,
-};
-use super::{Blocktree, BlocktreeError};
+type ColumnFamily = u64;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Kvs(());
+pub struct Kvs(KvStore);
 
-/// The metadata column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct MetaCf {
-    db: Arc<Kvs>,
-}
+/// Dummy struct for now
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Dummy;
 
-/// The data column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct DataCf {
-    db: Arc<Kvs>,
-}
-
-/// The erasure column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ErasureCf {
-    db: Arc<Kvs>,
-}
-
-/// Dummy struct to get things compiling
-/// TODO: all this goes away with Blocktree
-pub struct EntryIterator(i32);
-/// Dummy struct to get things compiling
-pub struct KvsCursor;
-/// Dummy struct to get things compiling
-pub struct ColumnFamily;
-/// Dummy struct to get things compiling
-pub struct KvsWriteBatch;
-
-impl Blocktree {
-    /// Opens a Ledger in directory, provides "infinite" window of blobs
-    pub fn open(_ledger_path: &str) -> Result<Blocktree> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
-    pub fn read_ledger_blobs(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Blob> {
-        unimplemented!();
-        self.read_ledger().unwrap().map(|_| Blob::new(&[]))
-    }
-
-    /// Return an iterator for all the entries in the given file.
-    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
-    pub fn read_ledger(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Entry>> {
-        Ok(EntryIterator(unimplemented!()))
-    }
-
-    pub fn destroy(_ledger_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Database for Kvs {
-    type Error = kvstore::Error;
+impl Backend for Kvs {
     type Key = Key;
-    type KeyRef = Key;
+    type OwnedKey = Key;
     type ColumnFamily = ColumnFamily;
-    type Cursor = KvsCursor;
-    type EntryIter = EntryIterator;
-    type WriteBatch = KvsWriteBatch;
+    type Cursor = Dummy;
+    type Iter = Dummy;
+    type WriteBatch = Dummy;
+    type Error = kvstore::Error;
 
-    fn cf_handle(&self, _cf: &str) -> Option<ColumnFamily> {
+    fn open(_path: &Path) -> Result<Kvs> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn columns(&self) -> Vec<&'static str> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn destroy(_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn cf_handle(&self, _cf: &str) -> ColumnFamily {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
@@ -82,28 +44,125 @@ impl Database for Kvs {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn put_cf(&self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key, _data: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+    fn put_cf(&self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key, _value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn delete_cf(&self, _cf: Self::ColumnFamily, _key: &Key) -> Result<()> {
+    fn delete_cf(&self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key) -> Result<()> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn raw_iterator_cf(&self, _cf: Self::ColumnFamily) -> Result<Self::Cursor> {
+    fn iterator_cf(&self, _cf: ColumnFamily) -> Result<Dummy> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, _batch: Self::WriteBatch) -> Result<()> {
+    fn raw_iterator_cf(&self, _cf: ColumnFamily) -> Result<Dummy> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 
-    fn batch(&self) -> Result<Self::WriteBatch> {
+    fn batch(&self) -> Result<Dummy> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, _batch: Dummy) -> Result<()> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }
 
-impl Cursor<Kvs> for KvsCursor {
+impl Column<Kvs> for cf::Coding {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ERASURE_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn key(index: (u64, u64)) -> Key {
+        cf::Data::key(index)
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &Key) -> (u64, u64) {
+        cf::Data::index(key)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Column<Kvs> for cf::Data {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::DATA_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn key((slot, index): (u64, u64)) -> Key {
+        let mut key = Key::default();
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[8..16], slot);
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[16..], index);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &Key) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let slot = BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[8..16]);
+        let index = BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[16..]);
+        (slot, index)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Column<Kvs> for cf::Orphans {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ORPHANS_CF;
+    type Index = u64;
+
+    fn key(slot: u64) -> Key {
+        let mut key = Key::default();
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[8..16], slot);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &Key) -> u64 {
+        BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[8..16])
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedColumn<Kvs> for cf::Orphans {
+    type Type = bool;
+}
+
+impl Column<Kvs> for cf::SlotMeta {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::META_CF;
+    type Index = u64;
+
+    fn key(slot: u64) -> Key {
+        let mut key = Key::default();
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[8..16], slot);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &Key) -> u64 {
+        BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[8..16])
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedColumn<Kvs> for cf::SlotMeta {
+    type Type = super::SlotMeta;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+impl Column<Kvs> for cf::ErasureMeta {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ERASURE_META_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn key((slot, set_index): (u64, u64)) -> Key {
+        let mut key = Key::default();
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[8..16], slot);
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key.0[16..], set_index);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &Key) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let slot = BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[8..16]);
+        let set_index = BigEndian::read_u64(&key.0[16..]);
+        (slot, set_index)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+impl TypedColumn<Kvs> for cf::ErasureMeta {
+    type Type = super::ErasureMeta;
+}
+
+impl DbCursor<Kvs> for Dummy {
     fn valid(&self) -> bool {
         unimplemented!()
     }
@@ -129,124 +188,22 @@ impl Cursor<Kvs> for KvsCursor {
     }
 }
 
-impl IWriteBatch<Kvs> for KvsWriteBatch {
-    fn put_cf(&mut self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key, _data: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+impl IWriteBatch<Kvs> for Dummy {
+    fn put_cf(&mut self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key, _value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn delete_cf(&mut self, _cf: ColumnFamily, _key: &Key) -> Result<()> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
 }
 
-impl IDataCf<Kvs> for DataCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Kvs>) -> Self {
-        DataCf { db }
-    }
+impl Iterator for Dummy {
+    type Item = (Box<Key>, Box<[u8]>);
 
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         unimplemented!()
     }
-
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64, _serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn key(_slot: u64, _index: u64) -> Key {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn slot_from_key(_key: &Key) -> Result<u64> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(_key: &Key) -> Result<u64> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl IErasureCf<Kvs> for ErasureCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Kvs>) -> Self {
-        ErasureCf { db }
-    }
-
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, _slot: u64, _index: u64, _serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64, index: u64) -> Key {
-        DataCf::key(slot, index)
-    }
-
-    fn slot_from_key(key: &Key) -> Result<u64> {
-        DataCf::slot_from_key(key)
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &Key) -> Result<u64> {
-        DataCf::index_from_key(key)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IMetaCf<Kvs> for MetaCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Kvs>) -> Self {
-        MetaCf { db }
-    }
-
-    fn key(_slot: u64) -> Key {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn get_slot_meta(&self, _slot: u64) -> Result<Option<super::SlotMeta>> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn put_slot_meta(&self, _slot: u64, _slot_meta: &super::SlotMeta) -> Result<()> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(_key: &Key) -> Result<u64> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<Kvs> for DataCf {
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Kvs> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::DATA_CF).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<Kvs> for ErasureCf {
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Kvs> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::ERASURE_CF).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamily<Kvs> for MetaCf {
-    type ValueType = super::SlotMeta;
-
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Kvs> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::META_CF).unwrap()
-    }
 }
 
 impl std::convert::From<kvstore::Error> for Error {
@@ -254,12 +211,3 @@ impl std::convert::From<kvstore::Error> for Error {
         Error::BlocktreeError(BlocktreeError::KvsDb(e))
     }
 }
-
-/// TODO: all this goes away with Blocktree
-impl Iterator for EntryIterator {
-    type Item = Entry;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Entry> {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
-}

core/src/blocktree/meta.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+use crate::erasure::{NUM_CODING, NUM_DATA};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
+// The Meta column family
+pub struct SlotMeta {
+    // The number of slots above the root (the genesis block). The first
+    // slot has slot 0.
+    pub slot: u64,
+    // The total number of consecutive blobs starting from index 0
+    // we have received for this slot.
+    pub consumed: u64,
+    // The index *plus one* of the highest blob received for this slot.  Useful
+    // for checking if the slot has received any blobs yet, and to calculate the
+    // range where there is one or more holes: `(consumed..received)`.
+    pub received: u64,
+    // The index of the blob that is flagged as the last blob for this slot.
+    pub last_index: u64,
+    // The slot height of the block this one derives from.
+    pub parent_slot: u64,
+    // The list of slot heights, each of which contains a block that derives
+    // from this one.
+    pub next_slots: Vec<u64>,
+    // True if this slot is full (consumed == last_index + 1) and if every
+    // slot that is a parent of this slot is also connected.
+    pub is_connected: bool,
+    // True if this slot is a root
+    pub is_root: bool,
+}
+
+impl SlotMeta {
+    pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
+        // last_index is std::u64::MAX when it has no information about how
+        // many blobs will fill this slot.
+        // Note: A full slot with zero blobs is not possible.
+        if self.last_index == std::u64::MAX {
+            return false;
+        }
+        assert!(self.consumed <= self.last_index + 1);
+
+        self.consumed == self.last_index + 1
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_parent_set(&self) -> bool {
+        self.parent_slot != std::u64::MAX
+    }
+
+    pub(in crate::blocktree) fn new(slot: u64, parent_slot: u64) -> Self {
+        SlotMeta {
+            slot,
+            consumed: 0,
+            received: 0,
+            parent_slot,
+            next_slots: vec![],
+            is_connected: slot == 0,
+            is_root: false,
+            last_index: std::u64::MAX,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, Eq, PartialEq)]
+/// Erasure coding information
+pub struct ErasureMeta {
+    /// Which erasure set in the slot this is
+    pub set_index: u64,
+    /// Bitfield representing presence/absence of data blobs
+    pub data: u64,
+    /// Bitfield representing presence/absence of coding blobs
+    pub coding: u64,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+impl ErasureMeta {
+    pub fn new(set_index: u64) -> ErasureMeta {
+        ErasureMeta {
+            set_index,
+            data: 0,
+            coding: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn can_recover(&self) -> bool {
+        let (data_missing, coding_missing) = (
+            NUM_DATA - self.data.count_ones() as usize,
+            NUM_CODING - self.coding.count_ones() as usize,
+        );
+
+        data_missing > 0 && data_missing + coding_missing <= NUM_CODING
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_coding_present(&self, index: u64) -> bool {
+        let set_index = Self::set_index_for(index);
+        let position = index - self.start_index();
+
+        set_index == self.set_index && self.coding & (1 << position) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_coding_present(&mut self, index: u64) {
+        let set_index = Self::set_index_for(index);
+
+        if set_index as u64 == self.set_index {
+            let position = index - self.start_index();
+
+            self.coding |= 1 << position;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_data_present(&self, index: u64) -> bool {
+        let set_index = Self::set_index_for(index);
+        let position = index - self.start_index();
+
+        set_index == self.set_index && self.data & (1 << position) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_data_present(&mut self, index: u64) {
+        let set_index = Self::set_index_for(index);
+
+        if set_index as u64 == self.set_index {
+            let position = index - self.start_index();
+
+            self.data |= 1 << position;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_index_for(index: u64) -> u64 {
+        index / NUM_DATA as u64
+    }
+
+    pub fn start_index(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.set_index * NUM_DATA as u64
+    }
+
+    /// returns a tuple of (data_end, coding_end)
+    pub fn end_indexes(&self) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let start = self.start_index();
+        (start + NUM_DATA as u64, start + NUM_CODING as u64)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+#[test]
+fn test_meta_coding_present() {
+    let set_index = 0;
+    let mut e_meta = ErasureMeta {
+        set_index,
+        data: 0,
+        coding: 0,
+    };
+
+    for i in 0..NUM_CODING as u64 {
+        e_meta.set_coding_present(i);
+        assert_eq!(e_meta.is_coding_present(i), true);
+    }
+    for i in NUM_CODING as u64..NUM_DATA as u64 {
+        assert_eq!(e_meta.is_coding_present(i), false);
+    }
+
+    e_meta.set_index = ErasureMeta::set_index_for((NUM_DATA * 17) as u64);
+
+    for i in (NUM_DATA * 17) as u64..((NUM_DATA * 17) + NUM_CODING) as u64 {
+        e_meta.set_coding_present(i);
+        assert_eq!(e_meta.is_coding_present(i), true);
+    }
+    for i in (NUM_DATA * 17 + NUM_CODING) as u64..((NUM_DATA * 17) + NUM_DATA) as u64 {
+        assert_eq!(e_meta.is_coding_present(i), false);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+#[test]
+fn test_can_recover() {
+    let set_index = 0;
+    let mut e_meta = ErasureMeta {
+        set_index,
+        data: 0,
+        coding: 0,
+    };
+
+    assert!(!e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b1111_1111_1111_1111;
+    e_meta.coding = 0x00;
+
+    assert!(!e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.coding = 0x0e;
+    assert_eq!(0x0fu8, 0b0000_1111u8);
+    assert!(!e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b0111_1111_1111_1111;
+    assert!(e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b0111_1111_1111_1110;
+    assert!(e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b0111_1111_1011_1110;
+    assert!(e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b0111_1011_1011_1110;
+    assert!(!e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b0111_1011_1011_1110;
+    assert!(!e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.coding = 0b0000_1110;
+    e_meta.data = 0b1111_1111_1111_1100;
+    assert!(e_meta.can_recover());
+
+    e_meta.data = 0b1111_1111_1111_1000;
+    assert!(e_meta.can_recover());
+}

core/src/blocktree/rocks.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,17 @@
-use crate::entry::Entry;
-use crate::packet::{Blob, BLOB_HEADER_SIZE};
+use crate::blocktree::db::columns as cf;
+use crate::blocktree::db::{Backend, Column, DbCursor, IWriteBatch, TypedColumn};
+use crate::blocktree::BlocktreeError;
 use crate::result::{Error, Result};
 
-use bincode::deserialize;
-
-use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder, ReadBytesExt};
+use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder};
 
 use rocksdb::{
-    self, ColumnFamily, ColumnFamilyDescriptor, DBRawIterator, IteratorMode, Options,
+    self, ColumnFamily, ColumnFamilyDescriptor, DBIterator, DBRawIterator, IteratorMode, Options,
     WriteBatch as RWriteBatch, DB,
 };
 
-use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
-use solana_sdk::timing::DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT;
-
 use std::fs;
-use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use super::db::{
-    Cursor, Database, IDataCf, IErasureCf, IMetaCf, IWriteBatch, LedgerColumnFamily,
-    LedgerColumnFamilyRaw,
-};
-use super::{Blocktree, BlocktreeError};
 
 // A good value for this is the number of cores on the machine
 const TOTAL_THREADS: i32 = 8;
@@ -32,194 +20,222 @@ const MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Rocks(rocksdb::DB);
 
-/// The metadata column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct MetaCf {
-    db: Arc<Rocks>,
-}
+impl Backend for Rocks {
+    type Key = [u8];
+    type OwnedKey = Vec<u8>;
+    type ColumnFamily = ColumnFamily;
+    type Cursor = DBRawIterator;
+    type Iter = DBIterator;
+    type WriteBatch = RWriteBatch;
+    type Error = rocksdb::Error;
 
-/// The data column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct DataCf {
-    db: Arc<Rocks>,
-}
+    fn open(path: &Path) -> Result<Rocks> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+        use crate::blocktree::db::columns::ErasureMeta;
+        use crate::blocktree::db::columns::{Coding, Data, Orphans, SlotMeta};
 
-/// The erasure column family
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ErasureCf {
-    db: Arc<Rocks>,
-}
-
-/// TODO: all this goes away with Blocktree
-pub struct EntryIterator {
-    db_iterator: DBRawIterator,
-
-    // TODO: remove me when replay_stage is iterating by block (Blocktree)
-    //    this verification is duplicating that of replay_stage, which
-    //    can do this in parallel
-    blockhash: Option<Hash>,
-    // https://github.com/rust-rocksdb/rust-rocksdb/issues/234
-    //   rocksdb issue: the _blocktree member must be lower in the struct to prevent a crash
-    //   when the db_iterator member above is dropped.
-    //   _blocktree is unused, but dropping _blocktree results in a broken db_iterator
-    //   you have to hold the database open in order to iterate over it, and in order
-    //   for db_iterator to be able to run Drop
-    //    _blocktree: Blocktree,
-}
-
-impl Blocktree {
-    /// Opens a Ledger in directory, provides "infinite" window of blobs
-    pub fn open(ledger_path: &str) -> Result<Blocktree> {
-        fs::create_dir_all(&ledger_path)?;
-        let ledger_path = Path::new(ledger_path).join(super::BLOCKTREE_DIRECTORY);
+        fs::create_dir_all(&path)?;
 
         // Use default database options
-        let db_options = Blocktree::get_db_options();
+        let db_options = get_db_options();
 
         // Column family names
-        let meta_cf_descriptor =
-            ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(super::META_CF, Blocktree::get_cf_options());
-        let data_cf_descriptor =
-            ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(super::DATA_CF, Blocktree::get_cf_options());
-        let erasure_cf_descriptor =
-            ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(super::ERASURE_CF, Blocktree::get_cf_options());
+        let meta_cf_descriptor = ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(SlotMeta::NAME, get_cf_options());
+        let data_cf_descriptor = ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(Data::NAME, get_cf_options());
+        let erasure_cf_descriptor = ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(Coding::NAME, get_cf_options());
+        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+        let erasure_meta_cf_descriptor =
+            ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(ErasureMeta::NAME, get_cf_options());
+        let orphans_cf_descriptor = ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(Orphans::NAME, get_cf_options());
+
         let cfs = vec![
             meta_cf_descriptor,
             data_cf_descriptor,
             erasure_cf_descriptor,
+            #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+            erasure_meta_cf_descriptor,
+            orphans_cf_descriptor,
         ];
 
         // Open the database
-        let db = Arc::new(Rocks(DB::open_cf_descriptors(
-            &db_options,
-            ledger_path,
-            cfs,
-        )?));
+        let db = Rocks(DB::open_cf_descriptors(&db_options, path, cfs)?);
 
-        // Create the metadata column family
-        let meta_cf = MetaCf::new(db.clone());
-
-        // Create the data column family
-        let data_cf = DataCf::new(db.clone());
-
-        // Create the erasure column family
-        let erasure_cf = ErasureCf::new(db.clone());
-
-        let ticks_per_slot = DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT;
-        Ok(Blocktree {
-            db,
-            meta_cf,
-            data_cf,
-            erasure_cf,
-            new_blobs_signals: vec![],
-            ticks_per_slot,
-        })
+        Ok(db)
     }
 
-    pub fn read_ledger_blobs(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Blob> {
-        self.db
-            .0
-            .iterator_cf(self.data_cf.handle(), IteratorMode::Start)
-            .unwrap()
-            .map(|(_, blob_data)| Blob::new(&blob_data))
+    fn columns(&self) -> Vec<&'static str> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+        use crate::blocktree::db::columns::ErasureMeta;
+        use crate::blocktree::db::columns::{Coding, Data, Orphans, SlotMeta};
+
+        vec![
+            Coding::NAME,
+            #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+            ErasureMeta::NAME,
+            Data::NAME,
+            Orphans::NAME,
+            SlotMeta::NAME,
+        ]
     }
 
-    /// Return an iterator for all the entries in the given file.
-    pub fn read_ledger(&self) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Entry>> {
-        let mut db_iterator = self.db.raw_iterator_cf(self.data_cf.handle())?;
+    fn destroy(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        DB::destroy(&Options::default(), path)?;
 
-        db_iterator.seek_to_first();
-        Ok(EntryIterator {
-            db_iterator,
-            blockhash: None,
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn destroy(ledger_path: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        // DB::destroy() fails if `ledger_path` doesn't exist
-        fs::create_dir_all(&ledger_path)?;
-        let ledger_path = Path::new(ledger_path).join(super::BLOCKTREE_DIRECTORY);
-        DB::destroy(&Options::default(), &ledger_path)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn get_cf_options() -> Options {
-        let mut options = Options::default();
-        options.set_max_write_buffer_number(32);
-        options.set_write_buffer_size(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE);
-        options.set_max_bytes_for_level_base(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE as u64);
-        options
-    }
-
-    fn get_db_options() -> Options {
-        let mut options = Options::default();
-        options.create_if_missing(true);
-        options.create_missing_column_families(true);
-        options.increase_parallelism(TOTAL_THREADS);
-        options.set_max_background_flushes(4);
-        options.set_max_background_compactions(4);
-        options.set_max_write_buffer_number(32);
-        options.set_write_buffer_size(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE);
-        options.set_max_bytes_for_level_base(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE as u64);
-        options
-    }
-}
-
-impl Database for Rocks {
-    type Error = rocksdb::Error;
-    type Key = Vec<u8>;
-    type KeyRef = [u8];
-    type ColumnFamily = ColumnFamily;
-    type Cursor = DBRawIterator;
-    type EntryIter = EntryIterator;
-    type WriteBatch = RWriteBatch;
-
-    fn cf_handle(&self, cf: &str) -> Option<ColumnFamily> {
-        self.0.cf_handle(cf)
+    fn cf_handle(&self, cf: &str) -> ColumnFamily {
+        self.0
+            .cf_handle(cf)
+            .expect("should never get an unknown column")
     }
 
     fn get_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let opt = self.0.get_cf(cf, key)?;
-        Ok(opt.map(|dbvec| dbvec.to_vec()))
+        let opt = self.0.get_cf(cf, key)?.map(|db_vec| db_vec.to_vec());
+        Ok(opt)
     }
 
-    fn put_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.put_cf(cf, key, data)?;
+    fn put_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.0.put_cf(cf, key, value)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn delete_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.delete_cf(cf, key).map_err(From::from)
+    fn delete_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.0.delete_cf(cf, key)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn raw_iterator_cf(&self, cf: Self::ColumnFamily) -> Result<Self::Cursor> {
-        Ok(self.0.raw_iterator_cf(cf)?)
+    fn iterator_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily) -> Result<DBIterator> {
+        let raw_iter = self.0.iterator_cf(cf, IteratorMode::Start)?;
+
+        Ok(raw_iter)
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, batch: Self::WriteBatch) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.write(batch).map_err(From::from)
+    fn raw_iterator_cf(&self, cf: ColumnFamily) -> Result<DBRawIterator> {
+        let raw_iter = self.0.raw_iterator_cf(cf)?;
+
+        Ok(raw_iter)
     }
 
-    fn batch(&self) -> Result<Self::WriteBatch> {
+    fn batch(&self) -> Result<RWriteBatch> {
         Ok(RWriteBatch::default())
     }
+
+    fn write(&self, batch: RWriteBatch) -> Result<()> {
+        self.0.write(batch)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
-impl Cursor<Rocks> for DBRawIterator {
+impl Column<Rocks> for cf::Coding {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ERASURE_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn key(index: (u64, u64)) -> Vec<u8> {
+        cf::Data::key(index)
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &[u8]) -> (u64, u64) {
+        cf::Data::index(key)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Column<Rocks> for cf::Data {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::DATA_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn key((slot, index): (u64, u64)) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut key = vec![0; 16];
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[..8], slot);
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[8..16], index);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &[u8]) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let slot = BigEndian::read_u64(&key[..8]);
+        let index = BigEndian::read_u64(&key[8..16]);
+        (slot, index)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Column<Rocks> for cf::Orphans {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ORPHANS_CF;
+    type Index = u64;
+
+    fn key(slot: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut key = vec![0; 8];
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[..], slot);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &[u8]) -> u64 {
+        BigEndian::read_u64(&key[..8])
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedColumn<Rocks> for cf::Orphans {
+    type Type = bool;
+}
+
+impl Column<Rocks> for cf::SlotMeta {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::META_CF;
+    type Index = u64;
+
+    fn key(slot: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut key = vec![0; 8];
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[..], slot);
+        key
+    }
+
+    fn index(key: &[u8]) -> u64 {
+        BigEndian::read_u64(&key[..8])
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypedColumn<Rocks> for cf::SlotMeta {
+    type Type = super::SlotMeta;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+impl Column<Rocks> for cf::ErasureMeta {
+    const NAME: &'static str = super::ERASURE_META_CF;
+    type Index = (u64, u64);
+
+    fn index(key: &[u8]) -> (u64, u64) {
+        let slot = BigEndian::read_u64(&key[..8]);
+        let set_index = BigEndian::read_u64(&key[8..]);
+
+        (slot, set_index)
+    }
+
+    fn key((slot, set_index): (u64, u64)) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut key = vec![0; 16];
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[..8], slot);
+        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[8..], set_index);
+        key
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+impl TypedColumn<Rocks> for cf::ErasureMeta {
+    type Type = super::ErasureMeta;
+}
+
+impl DbCursor<Rocks> for DBRawIterator {
     fn valid(&self) -> bool {
         DBRawIterator::valid(self)
     }
 
     fn seek(&mut self, key: &[u8]) {
-        DBRawIterator::seek(self, key)
+        DBRawIterator::seek(self, key);
     }
 
     fn seek_to_first(&mut self) {
-        DBRawIterator::seek_to_first(self)
+        DBRawIterator::seek_to_first(self);
     }
 
     fn next(&mut self) {
-        DBRawIterator::next(self)
+        DBRawIterator::next(self);
     }
 
     fn key(&self) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -232,141 +248,14 @@ impl Cursor<Rocks> for DBRawIterator {
 }
 
 impl IWriteBatch<Rocks> for RWriteBatch {
-    fn put_cf(&mut self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        RWriteBatch::put_cf(self, cf, key, data)?;
+    fn put_cf(&mut self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        RWriteBatch::put_cf(self, cf, key, value)?;
         Ok(())
     }
-}
 
-impl IDataCf<Rocks> for DataCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Rocks>) -> Self {
-        DataCf { db }
-    }
-
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.get(&key)
-    }
-
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.delete(&key)
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.put(&key, serialized_value)
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64, index: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let mut key = vec![0u8; 16];
-        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[0..8], slot);
-        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[8..16], index);
-        key
-    }
-
-    fn slot_from_key(key: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
-        let mut rdr = io::Cursor::new(&key[0..8]);
-        let height = rdr.read_u64::<BigEndian>()?;
-        Ok(height)
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
-        let mut rdr = io::Cursor::new(&key[8..16]);
-        let index = rdr.read_u64::<BigEndian>()?;
-        Ok(index)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IErasureCf<Rocks> for ErasureCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Rocks>) -> Self {
-        ErasureCf { db }
-    }
-    fn delete_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.delete(&key)
-    }
-
-    fn get_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.get(&key)
-    }
-
-    fn put_by_slot_index(&self, slot: u64, index: u64, serialized_value: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot, index);
-        self.put(&key, serialized_value)
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64, index: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
-        DataCf::key(slot, index)
-    }
-
-    fn slot_from_key(key: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
-        DataCf::slot_from_key(key)
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
-        DataCf::index_from_key(key)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IMetaCf<Rocks> for MetaCf {
-    fn new(db: Arc<Rocks>) -> Self {
-        MetaCf { db }
-    }
-
-    fn key(slot: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let mut key = vec![0u8; 8];
-        BigEndian::write_u64(&mut key[0..8], slot);
-        key
-    }
-
-    fn get_slot_meta(&self, slot: u64) -> Result<Option<super::SlotMeta>> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot);
-        self.get(&key)
-    }
-
-    fn put_slot_meta(&self, slot: u64, slot_meta: &super::SlotMeta) -> Result<()> {
-        let key = Self::key(slot);
-        self.put(&key, slot_meta)
-    }
-
-    fn index_from_key(key: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
-        let mut rdr = io::Cursor::new(&key[..]);
-        let index = rdr.read_u64::<BigEndian>()?;
-        Ok(index)
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<Rocks> for DataCf {
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Rocks> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::DATA_CF).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamilyRaw<Rocks> for ErasureCf {
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Rocks> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::ERASURE_CF).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl LedgerColumnFamily<Rocks> for MetaCf {
-    type ValueType = super::SlotMeta;
-
-    fn db(&self) -> &Arc<Rocks> {
-        &self.db
-    }
-
-    fn handle(&self) -> ColumnFamily {
-        self.db.cf_handle(super::META_CF).unwrap()
+    fn delete_cf(&mut self, cf: ColumnFamily, key: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        RWriteBatch::delete_cf(self, cf, key)?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -376,25 +265,23 @@ impl std::convert::From<rocksdb::Error> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-/// TODO: all this goes away with Blocktree
-impl Iterator for EntryIterator {
-    type Item = Entry;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Entry> {
-        if self.db_iterator.valid() {
-            if let Some(value) = self.db_iterator.value() {
-                if let Ok(entry) = deserialize::<Entry>(&value[BLOB_HEADER_SIZE..]) {
-                    if let Some(blockhash) = self.blockhash {
-                        if !entry.verify(&blockhash) {
-                            return None;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    self.db_iterator.next();
-                    self.blockhash = Some(entry.hash);
-                    return Some(entry);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        None
-    }
+fn get_cf_options() -> Options {
+    let mut options = Options::default();
+    options.set_max_write_buffer_number(32);
+    options.set_write_buffer_size(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    options.set_max_bytes_for_level_base(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE as u64);
+    options
+}
+
+fn get_db_options() -> Options {
+    let mut options = Options::default();
+    options.create_if_missing(true);
+    options.create_missing_column_families(true);
+    options.increase_parallelism(TOTAL_THREADS);
+    options.set_max_background_flushes(4);
+    options.set_max_background_compactions(4);
+    options.set_max_write_buffer_number(32);
+    options.set_write_buffer_size(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    options.set_max_bytes_for_level_base(MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE as u64);
+    options
 }

core/src/blocktree_processor.rs

@@ -4,22 +4,16 @@ use crate::entry::{Entry, EntrySlice};
 use crate::leader_schedule_utils;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use solana_metrics::counter::Counter;
-use solana_runtime::bank::{Bank, BankError, Result};
+use solana_runtime::bank::Bank;
+use solana_runtime::locked_accounts_results::LockedAccountsResults;
 use solana_sdk::genesis_block::GenesisBlock;
 use solana_sdk::timing::duration_as_ms;
 use solana_sdk::timing::MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES;
+use solana_sdk::transaction::{Result, TransactionError};
+use std::result;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-pub fn process_entry(bank: &Bank, entry: &Entry) -> Result<()> {
-    if !entry.is_tick() {
-        first_err(&bank.process_transactions(&entry.transactions))?;
-    } else {
-        bank.register_tick(&entry.hash);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 fn first_err(results: &[Result<()>]) -> Result<()> {
     for r in results {
         r.clone()?;
@@ -27,30 +21,55 @@ fn first_err(results: &[Result<()>]) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn par_execute_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[(&Entry, Vec<Result<()>>)]) -> Result<()> {
+fn is_unexpected_validator_error(r: &Result<()>) -> bool {
+    match r {
+        Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature) => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn par_execute_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[(&Entry, LockedAccountsResults)]) -> Result<()> {
     inc_new_counter_info!("bank-par_execute_entries-count", entries.len());
     let results: Vec<Result<()>> = entries
         .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|(e, lock_results)| {
+        .map(|(e, locked_accounts)| {
             let results = bank.load_execute_and_commit_transactions(
                 &e.transactions,
-                lock_results.to_vec(),
+                locked_accounts,
                 MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES,
             );
-            bank.unlock_accounts(&e.transactions, &results);
-            first_err(&results)
+            let mut first_err = None;
+            for r in results {
+                if let Err(ref e) = r {
+                    if first_err.is_none() {
+                        first_err = Some(r.clone());
+                    }
+                    if is_unexpected_validator_error(&r) {
+                        warn!("Unexpected validator error: {:?}", e);
+                        solana_metrics::submit(
+                            solana_metrics::influxdb::Point::new("validator_process_entry_error")
+                                .add_field(
+                                    "error",
+                                    solana_metrics::influxdb::Value::String(format!("{:?}", e)),
+                                )
+                                .to_owned(),
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            first_err.unwrap_or(Ok(()))
         })
         .collect();
 
     first_err(&results)
 }
 
-/// process entries in parallel
+/// Process an ordered list of entries in parallel
 /// 1. In order lock accounts for each entry while the lock succeeds, up to a Tick entry
 /// 2. Process the locked group in parallel
 /// 3. Register the `Tick` if it's available
 /// 4. Update the leader scheduler, goto 1
-fn par_process_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[Entry]) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn process_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[Entry]) -> Result<()> {
     // accumulator for entries that can be processed in parallel
     let mut mt_group = vec![];
     for entry in entries {
@@ -65,11 +84,12 @@ fn par_process_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[Entry]) -> Result<()> {
         let lock_results = bank.lock_accounts(&entry.transactions);
         // if any of the locks error out
         // execute the current group
-        if first_err(&lock_results).is_err() {
+        if first_err(lock_results.locked_accounts_results()).is_err() {
             par_execute_entries(bank, &mt_group)?;
+            // Drop all the locks on accounts by clearing the LockedAccountsFinalizer's in the
+            // mt_group
             mt_group = vec![];
-            //reset the lock and push the entry
-            bank.unlock_accounts(&entry.transactions, &lock_results);
+            drop(lock_results);
             let lock_results = bank.lock_accounts(&entry.transactions);
             mt_group.push((entry, lock_results));
         } else {
@@ -81,22 +101,22 @@ fn par_process_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[Entry]) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Process an ordered list of entries.
-pub fn process_entries(bank: &Bank, entries: &[Entry]) -> Result<()> {
-    par_process_entries(bank, entries)
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct BankForksInfo {
     pub bank_slot: u64,
     pub entry_height: u64,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum BlocktreeProcessorError {
+    LedgerVerificationFailed,
+}
+
 pub fn process_blocktree(
     genesis_block: &GenesisBlock,
     blocktree: &Blocktree,
     account_paths: Option<String>,
-) -> Result<(BankForks, Vec<BankForksInfo>)> {
+) -> result::Result<(BankForks, Vec<BankForksInfo>), BlocktreeProcessorError> {
     let now = Instant::now();
     info!("processing ledger...");
 
@@ -112,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn process_blocktree(
             .meta(slot)
             .map_err(|err| {
                 warn!("Failed to load meta for slot {}: {:?}", slot, err);
-                BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed
+                BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed
             })?
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -127,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn process_blocktree(
         // Fetch all entries for this slot
         let mut entries = blocktree.get_slot_entries(slot, 0, None).map_err(|err| {
             warn!("Failed to load entries for slot {}: {:?}", slot, err);
-            BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed
+            BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed
         })?;
 
         if slot == 0 {
@@ -136,16 +156,15 @@ pub fn process_blocktree(
             // processed by the bank, skip over it.
             if entries.is_empty() {
                 warn!("entry0 not present");
-                return Err(BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
+                return Err(BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
             }
-            let entry0 = &entries[0];
+            let entry0 = entries.remove(0);
             if !(entry0.is_tick() && entry0.verify(&last_entry_hash)) {
                 warn!("Ledger proof of history failed at entry0");
-                return Err(BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
+                return Err(BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
             }
             last_entry_hash = entry0.hash;
             entry_height += 1;
-            entries = entries.drain(1..).collect();
         }
 
         if !entries.is_empty() {
@@ -154,20 +173,23 @@ pub fn process_blocktree(
                     "Ledger proof of history failed at slot: {}, entry: {}",
                     slot, entry_height
                 );
-                return Err(BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
+                return Err(BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed);
             }
 
             process_entries(&bank, &entries).map_err(|err| {
                 warn!("Failed to process entries for slot {}: {:?}", slot, err);
-                BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed
+                BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed
             })?;
 
             last_entry_hash = entries.last().unwrap().hash;
             entry_height += entries.len() as u64;
         }
 
-        // TODO merge with locktower, voting, bank.vote_accounts()...
-        bank.squash();
+        bank.freeze(); // all banks handled by this routine are created from complete slots
+
+        if blocktree.is_root(slot) {
+            bank.squash();
+        }
 
         if meta.next_slots.is_empty() {
             // Reached the end of this fork.  Record the final entry height and last entry.hash
@@ -185,7 +207,7 @@ pub fn process_blocktree(
                 .meta(next_slot)
                 .map_err(|err| {
                     warn!("Failed to load meta for slot {}: {:?}", slot, err);
-                    BankError::LedgerVerificationFailed
+                    BlocktreeProcessorError::LedgerVerificationFailed
                 })?
                 .unwrap();
 
@@ -239,8 +261,11 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::entry::{create_ticks, next_entry, Entry};
     use solana_sdk::genesis_block::GenesisBlock;
     use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
+    use solana_sdk::instruction::InstructionError;
+    use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
     use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-    use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
+    use solana_sdk::transaction::TransactionError;
 
     fn fill_blocktree_slot_with_ticks(
         blocktree: &Blocktree,
@@ -281,8 +306,8 @@ mod tests {
         let (ledger_path, mut blockhash) = create_new_tmp_ledger!(&genesis_block);
         debug!("ledger_path: {:?}", ledger_path);
 
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot)
-            .expect("Expected to successfully open database ledger");
+        let blocktree =
+            Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to successfully open database ledger");
 
         // Write slot 1
         // slot 1, points at slot 0.  Missing one tick
@@ -332,7 +357,7 @@ mod tests {
 
                  slot 0
                    |
-                 slot 1
+                 slot 1  <-- set_root(true)
                  /   \
             slot 2   |
                /     |
@@ -341,8 +366,8 @@ mod tests {
                    slot 4
 
         */
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot)
-            .expect("Expected to successfully open database ledger");
+        let blocktree =
+            Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to successfully open database ledger");
 
         // Fork 1, ending at slot 3
         let last_slot1_entry_hash =
@@ -359,6 +384,9 @@ mod tests {
         info!("last_fork1_entry.hash: {:?}", last_fork1_entry_hash);
         info!("last_fork2_entry.hash: {:?}", last_fork2_entry_hash);
 
+        blocktree.set_root(0).unwrap();
+        blocktree.set_root(1).unwrap();
+
         let (bank_forks, bank_forks_info) =
             process_blocktree(&genesis_block, &blocktree, None).unwrap();
 
@@ -370,6 +398,14 @@ mod tests {
                 entry_height: ticks_per_slot * 4,
             }
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &bank_forks[3]
+                .parents()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|bank| bank.slot())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            &[2, 1]
+        );
         assert_eq!(
             bank_forks_info[1],
             BankForksInfo {
@@ -377,9 +413,16 @@ mod tests {
                 entry_height: ticks_per_slot * 3,
             }
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &bank_forks[4]
+                .parents()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|bank| bank.slot())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            &[1]
+        );
 
-        // Ensure bank_forks holds the right banks, and that everything's
-        //  frozen
+        // Ensure bank_forks holds the right banks
         for info in bank_forks_info {
             assert_eq!(bank_forks[info.bank_slot].slot(), info.bank_slot);
             assert!(bank_forks[info.bank_slot].is_frozen());
@@ -390,32 +433,32 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_first_err() {
         assert_eq!(first_err(&[Ok(())]), Ok(()));
         assert_eq!(
-            first_err(&[Ok(()), Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature)]),
-            Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature)
+            first_err(&[Ok(()), Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)]),
+            Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)
         );
         assert_eq!(
             first_err(&[
                 Ok(()),
-                Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature),
-                Err(BankError::AccountInUse)
+                Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature),
+                Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse)
             ]),
-            Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature)
+            Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)
         );
         assert_eq!(
             first_err(&[
                 Ok(()),
-                Err(BankError::AccountInUse),
-                Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature)
+                Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse),
+                Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)
             ]),
-            Err(BankError::AccountInUse)
+            Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse)
         );
         assert_eq!(
             first_err(&[
-                Err(BankError::AccountInUse),
+                Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse),
                 Ok(()),
-                Err(BankError::DuplicateSignature)
+                Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)
             ]),
-            Err(BankError::AccountInUse)
+            Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse)
         );
     }
 
@@ -427,7 +470,7 @@ mod tests {
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
         let slot_entries = create_ticks(genesis_block.ticks_per_slot - 1, genesis_block.hash());
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -438,18 +481,18 @@ mod tests {
         // First, ensure the TX is rejected because of the unregistered last ID
         assert_eq!(
             bank.process_transaction(&tx),
-            Err(BankError::BlockhashNotFound)
+            Err(TransactionError::BlockhashNotFound)
         );
 
         // Now ensure the TX is accepted despite pointing to the ID of an empty entry.
-        par_process_entries(&bank, &slot_entries).unwrap();
+        process_entries(&bank, &slot_entries).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(bank.process_transaction(&tx), Ok(()));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_process_ledger_simple() {
         solana_logger::setup();
-        let leader_pubkey = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+        let leader_pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
         let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new_with_leader(100, &leader_pubkey, 50);
         let (ledger_path, mut last_entry_hash) = create_new_tmp_ledger!(&genesis_block);
         debug!("ledger_path: {:?}", ledger_path);
@@ -459,16 +502,27 @@ mod tests {
         for _ in 0..3 {
             // Transfer one token from the mint to a random account
             let keypair = Keypair::new();
-            let tx =
-                SystemTransaction::new_account(&mint_keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0);
+            let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+                &mint_keypair,
+                &keypair.pubkey(),
+                1,
+                blockhash,
+                0,
+            );
             let entry = Entry::new(&last_entry_hash, 1, vec![tx]);
             last_entry_hash = entry.hash;
             entries.push(entry);
 
             // Add a second Transaction that will produce a
-            // ProgramError<0, ResultWithNegativeLamports> error when processed
+            // InstructionError<0, ResultWithNegativeLamports> error when processed
             let keypair2 = Keypair::new();
-            let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair2.pubkey(), 42, blockhash, 0);
+            let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+                &keypair,
+                &keypair2.pubkey(),
+                42,
+                blockhash,
+                0,
+            );
             let entry = Entry::new(&last_entry_hash, 1, vec![tx]);
             last_entry_hash = entry.hash;
             entries.push(entry);
@@ -479,7 +533,9 @@ mod tests {
 
         let blocktree =
             Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to successfully open database ledger");
-        blocktree.write_entries(1, 0, 0, &entries).unwrap();
+        blocktree
+            .write_entries(1, 0, 0, genesis_block.ticks_per_slot, &entries)
+            .unwrap();
         let entry_height = genesis_block.ticks_per_slot + entries.len() as u64;
         let (bank_forks, bank_forks_info) =
             process_blocktree(&genesis_block, &blocktree, None).unwrap();
@@ -522,19 +578,19 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_par_process_entries_tick() {
+    fn test_process_entries_tick() {
         let (genesis_block, _mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
 
         // ensure bank can process a tick
         assert_eq!(bank.tick_height(), 0);
         let tick = next_entry(&genesis_block.hash(), 1, vec![]);
-        assert_eq!(par_process_entries(&bank, &[tick.clone()]), Ok(()));
+        assert_eq!(process_entries(&bank, &[tick.clone()]), Ok(()));
         assert_eq!(bank.tick_height(), 1);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_par_process_entries_2_entries_collision() {
+    fn test_process_entries_2_entries_collision() {
         let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
@@ -543,7 +599,7 @@ mod tests {
         let blockhash = bank.last_blockhash();
 
         // ensure bank can process 2 entries that have a common account and no tick is registered
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair1.pubkey(),
             2,
@@ -551,7 +607,7 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         let entry_1 = next_entry(&blockhash, 1, vec![tx]);
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair2.pubkey(),
             2,
@@ -559,14 +615,14 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         let entry_2 = next_entry(&entry_1.hash, 1, vec![tx]);
-        assert_eq!(par_process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1, entry_2]), Ok(()));
+        assert_eq!(process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1, entry_2]), Ok(()));
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair1.pubkey()), 2);
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair2.pubkey()), 2);
         assert_eq!(bank.last_blockhash(), blockhash);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_par_process_entries_2_txes_collision() {
+    fn test_process_entries_2_txes_collision() {
         let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
@@ -574,20 +630,14 @@ mod tests {
         let keypair3 = Keypair::new();
 
         // fund: put 4 in each of 1 and 2
-        assert_matches!(
-            bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair1.pubkey(), bank.last_blockhash()),
-            Ok(_)
-        );
-        assert_matches!(
-            bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair2.pubkey(), bank.last_blockhash()),
-            Ok(_)
-        );
+        assert_matches!(bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair1.pubkey()), Ok(_));
+        assert_matches!(bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair2.pubkey()), Ok(_));
 
         // construct an Entry whose 2nd transaction would cause a lock conflict with previous entry
         let entry_1_to_mint = next_entry(
             &bank.last_blockhash(),
             1,
-            vec![SystemTransaction::new_account(
+            vec![system_transaction::create_user_account(
                 &keypair1,
                 &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
                 1,
@@ -600,14 +650,14 @@ mod tests {
             &entry_1_to_mint.hash,
             1,
             vec![
-                SystemTransaction::new_account(
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(
                     &keypair2,
                     &keypair3.pubkey(),
                     2,
                     bank.last_blockhash(),
                     0,
                 ), // should be fine
-                SystemTransaction::new_account(
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(
                     &keypair1,
                     &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
                     2,
@@ -618,7 +668,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         assert_eq!(
-            par_process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1_to_mint, entry_2_to_3_mint_to_1]),
+            process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1_to_mint, entry_2_to_3_mint_to_1]),
             Ok(())
         );
 
@@ -628,7 +678,89 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_par_process_entries_2_entries_par() {
+    fn test_process_entries_2_txes_collision_and_error() {
+        let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
+        let keypair2 = Keypair::new();
+        let keypair3 = Keypair::new();
+        let keypair4 = Keypair::new();
+
+        // fund: put 4 in each of 1 and 2
+        assert_matches!(bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair1.pubkey()), Ok(_));
+        assert_matches!(bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair2.pubkey()), Ok(_));
+        assert_matches!(bank.transfer(4, &mint_keypair, &keypair4.pubkey()), Ok(_));
+
+        // construct an Entry whose 2nd transaction would cause a lock conflict with previous entry
+        let entry_1_to_mint = next_entry(
+            &bank.last_blockhash(),
+            1,
+            vec![
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(
+                    &keypair1,
+                    &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
+                    1,
+                    bank.last_blockhash(),
+                    0,
+                ),
+                system_transaction::transfer(
+                    &keypair4,
+                    &keypair4.pubkey(),
+                    1,
+                    Hash::default(), // Should cause a transaction failure with BlockhashNotFound
+                    0,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+
+        let entry_2_to_3_mint_to_1 = next_entry(
+            &entry_1_to_mint.hash,
+            1,
+            vec![
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(
+                    &keypair2,
+                    &keypair3.pubkey(),
+                    2,
+                    bank.last_blockhash(),
+                    0,
+                ), // should be fine
+                system_transaction::create_user_account(
+                    &keypair1,
+                    &mint_keypair.pubkey(),
+                    2,
+                    bank.last_blockhash(),
+                    0,
+                ), // will collide
+            ],
+        );
+
+        assert!(process_entries(
+            &bank,
+            &[entry_1_to_mint.clone(), entry_2_to_3_mint_to_1.clone()]
+        )
+        .is_err());
+
+        // First transaction in first entry succeeded, so keypair1 lost 1 lamport
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair1.pubkey()), 3);
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair2.pubkey()), 4);
+
+        // Check all accounts are unlocked
+        let txs1 = &entry_1_to_mint.transactions[..];
+        let txs2 = &entry_2_to_3_mint_to_1.transactions[..];
+        let locked_accounts1 = bank.lock_accounts(txs1);
+        for result in locked_accounts1.locked_accounts_results() {
+            assert!(result.is_ok());
+        }
+        // txs1 and txs2 have accounts that conflict, so we must drop txs1 first
+        drop(locked_accounts1);
+        let locked_accounts2 = bank.lock_accounts(txs2);
+        for result in locked_accounts2.locked_accounts_results() {
+            assert!(result.is_ok());
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_process_entries_2_entries_par() {
         let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
@@ -637,7 +769,7 @@ mod tests {
         let keypair4 = Keypair::new();
 
         //load accounts
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair1.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -645,7 +777,7 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         assert_eq!(bank.process_transaction(&tx), Ok(()));
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair2.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -656,7 +788,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // ensure bank can process 2 entries that do not have a common account and no tick is registered
         let blockhash = bank.last_blockhash();
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &keypair1,
             &keypair3.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -664,7 +796,7 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         let entry_1 = next_entry(&blockhash, 1, vec![tx]);
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &keypair2,
             &keypair4.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -672,14 +804,14 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         let entry_2 = next_entry(&entry_1.hash, 1, vec![tx]);
-        assert_eq!(par_process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1, entry_2]), Ok(()));
+        assert_eq!(process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1, entry_2]), Ok(()));
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair3.pubkey()), 1);
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair4.pubkey()), 1);
         assert_eq!(bank.last_blockhash(), blockhash);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_par_process_entries_2_entries_tick() {
+    fn test_process_entries_2_entries_tick() {
         let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(1000);
         let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
         let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
@@ -688,7 +820,7 @@ mod tests {
         let keypair4 = Keypair::new();
 
         //load accounts
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair1.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -696,7 +828,7 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         assert_eq!(bank.process_transaction(&tx), Ok(()));
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &mint_keypair,
             &keypair2.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -711,10 +843,11 @@ mod tests {
         }
 
         // ensure bank can process 2 entries that do not have a common account and tick is registered
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair2, &keypair3.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0);
+        let tx =
+            system_transaction::create_user_account(&keypair2, &keypair3.pubkey(), 1, blockhash, 0);
         let entry_1 = next_entry(&blockhash, 1, vec![tx]);
         let tick = next_entry(&entry_1.hash, 1, vec![]);
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &keypair1,
             &keypair4.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -723,14 +856,14 @@ mod tests {
         );
         let entry_2 = next_entry(&tick.hash, 1, vec![tx]);
         assert_eq!(
-            par_process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1.clone(), tick.clone(), entry_2.clone()]),
+            process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1.clone(), tick.clone(), entry_2.clone()]),
             Ok(())
         );
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair3.pubkey()), 1);
         assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&keypair4.pubkey()), 1);
 
         // ensure that an error is returned for an empty account (keypair2)
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
             &keypair2,
             &keypair3.pubkey(),
             1,
@@ -739,8 +872,91 @@ mod tests {
         );
         let entry_3 = next_entry(&entry_2.hash, 1, vec![tx]);
         assert_eq!(
-            par_process_entries(&bank, &[entry_3]),
-            Err(BankError::AccountNotFound)
+            process_entries(&bank, &[entry_3]),
+            Err(TransactionError::AccountNotFound)
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_update_transaction_statuses() {
+        // Make sure instruction errors still update the signature cache
+        let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(11_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
+        bank.transfer(1_000, &mint_keypair, &pubkey).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), 1_000);
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.transfer(10_001, &mint_keypair, &pubkey),
+            Err(TransactionError::InstructionError(
+                0,
+                InstructionError::new_result_with_negative_lamports(),
+            ))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.transfer(10_001, &mint_keypair, &pubkey),
+            Err(TransactionError::DuplicateSignature)
+        );
+
+        // Make sure other errors don't update the signature cache
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+            &mint_keypair,
+            &pubkey,
+            1000,
+            Hash::default(),
+            0,
+        );
+        let signature = tx.signatures[0];
+
+        // Should fail with blockhash not found
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.process_transaction(&tx).map(|_| signature),
+            Err(TransactionError::BlockhashNotFound)
+        );
+
+        // Should fail again with blockhash not found
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.process_transaction(&tx).map(|_| signature),
+            Err(TransactionError::BlockhashNotFound)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_update_transaction_statuses_fail() {
+        let (genesis_block, mint_keypair) = GenesisBlock::new(11_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+        let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
+        let keypair2 = Keypair::new();
+        let success_tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+            &mint_keypair,
+            &keypair1.pubkey(),
+            1,
+            bank.last_blockhash(),
+            0,
+        );
+        let fail_tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(
+            &mint_keypair,
+            &keypair2.pubkey(),
+            2,
+            bank.last_blockhash(),
+            0,
+        );
+
+        let entry_1_to_mint = next_entry(
+            &bank.last_blockhash(),
+            1,
+            vec![
+                success_tx,
+                fail_tx.clone(), // will collide
+            ],
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            process_entries(&bank, &[entry_1_to_mint]),
+            Err(TransactionError::AccountInUse)
+        );
+
+        // Should not see duplicate signature error
+        assert_eq!(bank.process_transaction(&fail_tx), Ok(()));
+    }
 }

core/src/broadcast_stage.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //!
 use crate::blocktree::Blocktree;
 use crate::cluster_info::{ClusterInfo, ClusterInfoError, DATA_PLANE_FANOUT};
-use crate::entry::EntrySlice;
+use crate::entry::{EntrySender, EntrySlice};
 #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
 use crate::erasure::CodingGenerator;
 use crate::packet::index_blobs;
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ impl Broadcast {
         receiver: &Receiver<WorkingBankEntries>,
         sock: &UdpSocket,
         blocktree: &Arc<Blocktree>,
+        storage_entry_sender: &EntrySender,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
         let (mut bank, entries) = receiver.recv_timeout(timer)?;
-        let mut max_tick_height = (bank.slot() + 1) * bank.ticks_per_slot() - 1;
+        let mut max_tick_height = bank.max_tick_height();
 
         let now = Instant::now();
         let mut num_entries = entries.len();
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ impl Broadcast {
         let mut last_tick = entries.last().map(|v| v.1).unwrap_or(0);
         ventries.push(entries);
 
-        assert!(last_tick <= max_tick_height,);
+        assert!(last_tick <= max_tick_height);
         if last_tick != max_tick_height {
             while let Ok((same_bank, entries)) = receiver.try_recv() {
                 // If the bank changed, that implies the previous slot was interrupted and we do not have to
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ impl Broadcast {
                     num_entries = 0;
                     ventries.clear();
                     bank = same_bank.clone();
-                    max_tick_height = (bank.slot() + 1) * bank.ticks_per_slot() - 1;
+                    max_tick_height = bank.max_tick_height();
                 }
                 num_entries += entries.len();
                 last_tick = entries.last().map(|v| v.1).unwrap_or(0);
@@ -87,10 +88,13 @@ impl Broadcast {
 
         let blobs: Vec<_> = ventries
             .into_par_iter()
-            .flat_map(|p| {
+            .map_with(storage_entry_sender.clone(), |s, p| {
                 let entries: Vec<_> = p.into_iter().map(|e| e.0).collect();
-                entries.to_shared_blobs()
+                let blobs = entries.to_shared_blobs();
+                let _ignored = s.send(entries);
+                blobs
             })
+            .flatten()
             .collect();
 
         let blob_index = blocktree
@@ -115,6 +119,9 @@ impl Broadcast {
 
         blocktree.write_shared_blobs(&blobs)?;
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+        let coding = self.coding_generator.next(&blobs);
+
         let to_blobs_elapsed = duration_as_ms(&to_blobs_start.elapsed());
 
         let broadcast_start = Instant::now();
@@ -122,16 +129,14 @@ impl Broadcast {
         // Send out data
         ClusterInfo::broadcast(&self.id, contains_last_tick, &broadcast_table, sock, &blobs)?;
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+        ClusterInfo::broadcast(&self.id, false, &broadcast_table, sock, &coding)?;
+
         inc_new_counter_info!("streamer-broadcast-sent", blobs.len());
 
-        // Fill in the coding blob data from the window data blobs
-        #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
-        {
-            let coding = self.coding_generator.next(&blobs)?;
-
-            // send out erasures
-            ClusterInfo::broadcast(&self.id, false, &broadcast_table, sock, &coding)?;
-        }
+        // generate and transmit any erasure coding blobs.  if erasure isn't supported, just send everything again
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "erasure"))]
+        ClusterInfo::broadcast(&self.id, contains_last_tick, &broadcast_table, sock, &blobs)?;
 
         let broadcast_elapsed = duration_as_ms(&broadcast_start.elapsed());
 
@@ -186,6 +191,7 @@ impl BroadcastStage {
         cluster_info: &Arc<RwLock<ClusterInfo>>,
         receiver: &Receiver<WorkingBankEntries>,
         blocktree: &Arc<Blocktree>,
+        storage_entry_sender: EntrySender,
     ) -> BroadcastStageReturnType {
         let me = cluster_info.read().unwrap().my_data().clone();
 
@@ -196,7 +202,13 @@ impl BroadcastStage {
         };
 
         loop {
-            if let Err(e) = broadcast.run(&cluster_info, receiver, sock, blocktree) {
+            if let Err(e) = broadcast.run(
+                &cluster_info,
+                receiver,
+                sock,
+                blocktree,
+                &storage_entry_sender,
+            ) {
                 match e {
                     Error::RecvTimeoutError(RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) | Error::SendError => {
                         return BroadcastStageReturnType::ChannelDisconnected;
@@ -234,6 +246,7 @@ impl BroadcastStage {
         receiver: Receiver<WorkingBankEntries>,
         exit_sender: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
         blocktree: &Arc<Blocktree>,
+        storage_entry_sender: EntrySender,
     ) -> Self {
         let blocktree = blocktree.clone();
         let exit_sender = exit_sender.clone();
@@ -241,7 +254,13 @@ impl BroadcastStage {
             .name("solana-broadcaster".to_string())
             .spawn(move || {
                 let _finalizer = Finalizer::new(exit_sender);
-                Self::run(&sock, &cluster_info, &receiver, &blocktree)
+                Self::run(
+                    &sock,
+                    &cluster_info,
+                    &receiver,
+                    &blocktree,
+                    storage_entry_sender,
+                )
             })
             .unwrap();
 
@@ -301,6 +320,7 @@ mod test {
         let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
 
         let exit_sender = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let (storage_sender, _receiver) = channel();
         let bank = Arc::new(Bank::default());
 
         // Start up the broadcast stage
@@ -310,6 +330,7 @@ mod test {
             entry_receiver,
             &exit_sender,
             &blocktree,
+            storage_sender,
         );
 
         MockBroadcastStage {

core/src/chacha.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ mod tests {
     use ring::signature::Ed25519KeyPair;
     use solana_sdk::hash::{hash, Hash, Hasher};
     use solana_sdk::signature::KeypairUtil;
-    use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
     use std::fs::remove_file;
     use std::fs::File;
     use std::io::Read;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Entry::new_mut(
                     &mut id,
                     &mut num_hashes,
-                    vec![SystemTransaction::new_account(
+                    vec![system_transaction::create_user_account(
                         &keypair,
                         &keypair.pubkey(),
                         1,
@@ -142,11 +142,13 @@ mod tests {
         let ledger_dir = "chacha_test_encrypt_file";
         let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path(ledger_dir);
         let ticks_per_slot = 16;
-        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot).unwrap());
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
         let out_path = Path::new("test_chacha_encrypt_file_output.txt.enc");
 
         let entries = make_tiny_deterministic_test_entries(32);
-        blocktree.write_entries(0, 0, 0, &entries).unwrap();
+        blocktree
+            .write_entries(0, 0, 0, ticks_per_slot, &entries)
+            .unwrap();
 
         let mut key = hex!(
             "abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234 abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ mod tests {
         use bs58;
         //  golden needs to be updated if blob stuff changes....
         let golden = Hash::new(
-            &bs58::decode("B33zQ8Kc3Wr3vZAbB6GcWaB3sSGeG98nvm4QB9URpJhR")
+            &bs58::decode("5NBn4cBZmNZRftkjxj3um8W1eyYPzn2RgUJSA3SVbHaJ")
                 .into_vec()
                 .unwrap(),
         );

core/src/chacha_cuda.rs

@@ -127,9 +127,11 @@ mod tests {
         let ledger_dir = "test_encrypt_file_many_keys_single";
         let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path(ledger_dir);
         let ticks_per_slot = 16;
-        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot).unwrap());
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
 
-        blocktree.write_entries(0, 0, 0, &entries).unwrap();
+        blocktree
+            .write_entries(0, 0, 0, ticks_per_slot, &entries)
+            .unwrap();
 
         let out_path = Path::new("test_chacha_encrypt_file_many_keys_single_output.txt.enc");
 
@@ -161,8 +163,10 @@ mod tests {
         let ledger_dir = "test_encrypt_file_many_keys_multiple";
         let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path(ledger_dir);
         let ticks_per_slot = 16;
-        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open_config(&ledger_path, ticks_per_slot).unwrap());
-        blocktree.write_entries(0, 0, 0, &entries).unwrap();
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
+        blocktree
+            .write_entries(0, 0, 0, ticks_per_slot, &entries)
+            .unwrap();
 
         let out_path = Path::new("test_chacha_encrypt_file_many_keys_multiple_output.txt.enc");
 

core/src/client.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-use crate::cluster_info::FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE;
-use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-use crate::thin_client::ThinClient;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-pub fn mk_client(r: &ContactInfo) -> ThinClient {
-    let (_, transactions_socket) = solana_netutil::bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE).unwrap();
-    ThinClient::new(r.rpc, r.tpu, transactions_socket)
-}
-
-pub fn mk_client_with_timeout(r: &ContactInfo, timeout: Duration) -> ThinClient {
-    let (_, transactions_socket) = solana_netutil::bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE).unwrap();
-    ThinClient::new_with_timeout(r.rpc, r.tpu, transactions_socket, timeout)
-}

core/src/cluster.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+
+pub trait Cluster {
+    fn get_node_ids(&self) -> Vec<Pubkey>;
+    fn restart_node(&mut self, pubkey: Pubkey);
+}

core/src/cluster_info.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use crate::crds_gossip_error::CrdsGossipError;
 use crate::crds_gossip_pull::CRDS_GOSSIP_PULL_CRDS_TIMEOUT_MS;
 use crate::crds_value::{CrdsValue, CrdsValueLabel, Vote};
 use crate::packet::{to_shared_blob, Blob, SharedBlob, BLOB_SIZE};
+use crate::repair_service::RepairType;
 use crate::result::Result;
-use crate::rpc_service::RPC_PORT;
 use crate::staking_utils;
 use crate::streamer::{BlobReceiver, BlobSender};
 use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use solana_metrics::counter::Counter;
 use solana_metrics::{influxdb, submit};
-use solana_netutil::{bind_in_range, bind_to, find_available_port_in_range, multi_bind_in_range};
+use solana_netutil::{
+    bind_in_range, bind_to, find_available_port_in_range, multi_bind_in_range, PortRange,
+};
 use solana_runtime::bloom::Bloom;
 use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::thread::{sleep, Builder, JoinHandle};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-pub const FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE: (u16, u16) = (8000, 10_000);
+pub const FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE: PortRange = (8000, 10_000);
 
 /// The fanout for Ledger Replication
 pub const DATA_PLANE_FANOUT: usize = 200;
@@ -58,6 +60,9 @@ pub const GROW_LAYER_CAPACITY: bool = false;
 /// milliseconds we sleep for between gossip requests
 pub const GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS: u64 = 100;
 
+/// the number of slots to respond with when responding to `Orphan` requests
+pub const MAX_ORPHAN_REPAIR_RESPONSES: usize = 10;
+
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ClusterInfoError {
     NoPeers,
@@ -161,6 +166,7 @@ enum Protocol {
     /// TODO: move this message to a different module
     RequestWindowIndex(ContactInfo, u64, u64),
     RequestHighestWindowIndex(ContactInfo, u64, u64),
+    RequestOrphan(ContactInfo, u64),
 }
 
 impl ClusterInfo {
@@ -221,7 +227,7 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
         self.gossip
             .crds
             .lookup(&entry)
-            .and_then(|x| x.contact_info())
+            .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
     }
 
     pub fn my_data(&self) -> ContactInfo {
@@ -240,7 +246,7 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
     pub fn contact_info_trace(&self) -> String {
         let leader_id = self.gossip_leader_id;
         let nodes: Vec<_> = self
-            .rpc_peers()
+            .tvu_peers()
             .into_iter()
             .map(|node| {
                 let mut annotation = String::new();
@@ -256,7 +262,11 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
                     node.id,
                     annotation,
                     node.tpu.to_string(),
-                    node.rpc.to_string()
+                    if ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&node.rpc) {
+                        node.rpc.to_string()
+                    } else {
+                        "none".to_string()
+                    }
                 )
             })
             .collect();
@@ -282,28 +292,28 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
 
     pub fn push_vote(&mut self, vote: Transaction) {
         let now = timestamp();
-        let vote = Vote::new(vote, now);
+        let vote = Vote::new(&self.id(), vote, now);
         let mut entry = CrdsValue::Vote(vote);
         entry.sign(&self.keypair);
         self.gossip.process_push_message(&[entry], now);
     }
 
     /// Get votes in the crds
-    /// * since - The local timestamp when the vote was updated or inserted must be greater then
+    /// * since - The timestamp of when the vote inserted must be greater than
     /// since. This allows the bank to query for new votes only.
     ///
-    /// * return - The votes, and the max local timestamp from the new set.
+    /// * return - The votes, and the max timestamp from the new set.
     pub fn get_votes(&self, since: u64) -> (Vec<Transaction>, u64) {
         let votes: Vec<_> = self
             .gossip
             .crds
             .table
             .values()
-            .filter(|x| x.local_timestamp > since)
+            .filter(|x| x.insert_timestamp > since)
             .filter_map(|x| {
                 x.value
                     .vote()
-                    .map(|v| (x.local_timestamp, v.transaction.clone()))
+                    .map(|v| (x.insert_timestamp, v.transaction.clone()))
             })
             .collect();
         let max_ts = votes.iter().map(|x| x.0).max().unwrap_or(since);
@@ -746,12 +756,13 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
         Ok(out)
     }
 
-    pub fn window_index_request(
-        &self,
-        slot: u64,
-        blob_index: u64,
-        get_highest: bool,
-    ) -> Result<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)> {
+    fn orphan_bytes(&self, slot: u64) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let req = Protocol::RequestOrphan(self.my_data().clone(), slot);
+        let out = serialize(&req)?;
+        Ok(out)
+    }
+
+    pub fn repair_request(&self, repair_request: &RepairType) -> Result<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)> {
         // find a peer that appears to be accepting replication, as indicated
         //  by a valid tvu port location
         let valid: Vec<_> = self.repair_peers();
@@ -761,19 +772,42 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
         let n = thread_rng().gen::<usize>() % valid.len();
         let addr = valid[n].gossip; // send the request to the peer's gossip port
         let out = {
-            if get_highest {
-                self.window_highest_index_request_bytes(slot, blob_index)?
-            } else {
-                self.window_index_request_bytes(slot, blob_index)?
+            match repair_request {
+                RepairType::Blob(slot, blob_index) => {
+                    submit(
+                        influxdb::Point::new("cluster_info-repair")
+                            .add_field("repair-slot", influxdb::Value::Integer(*slot as i64))
+                            .add_field("repair-ix", influxdb::Value::Integer(*blob_index as i64))
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    );
+                    self.window_index_request_bytes(*slot, *blob_index)?
+                }
+                RepairType::HighestBlob(slot, blob_index) => {
+                    submit(
+                        influxdb::Point::new("cluster_info-repair_highest")
+                            .add_field(
+                                "repair-highest-slot",
+                                influxdb::Value::Integer(*slot as i64),
+                            )
+                            .add_field(
+                                "repair-highest-ix",
+                                influxdb::Value::Integer(*blob_index as i64),
+                            )
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    );
+                    self.window_highest_index_request_bytes(*slot, *blob_index)?
+                }
+                RepairType::Orphan(slot) => {
+                    submit(
+                        influxdb::Point::new("cluster_info-repair_orphan")
+                            .add_field("repair-orphan", influxdb::Value::Integer(*slot as i64))
+                            .to_owned(),
+                    );
+                    self.orphan_bytes(*slot)?
+                }
             }
         };
 
-        submit(
-            influxdb::Point::new("cluster-info")
-                .add_field("repair-ix", influxdb::Value::Integer(blob_index as i64))
-                .to_owned(),
-        );
-
         Ok((addr, out))
     }
     // If the network entrypoint hasn't been discovered yet, add it to the crds table
@@ -813,7 +847,7 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
                 self.gossip
                     .crds
                     .lookup(&peer_label)
-                    .and_then(|v| v.contact_info())
+                    .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
                     .map(|peer_info| (peer, filter, peer_info.gossip, self_info))
             })
             .collect();
@@ -839,7 +873,7 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
                 self.gossip
                     .crds
                     .lookup(&peer_label)
-                    .and_then(|v| v.contact_info())
+                    .and_then(CrdsValue::contact_info)
                     .map(|p| p.gossip)
             })
             .map(|peer| (peer, Protocol::PushMessage(self_id, msgs.clone())))
@@ -966,6 +1000,35 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
         vec![]
     }
 
+    fn run_orphan(
+        from_addr: &SocketAddr,
+        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
+        mut slot: u64,
+        max_responses: usize,
+    ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
+        let mut res = vec![];
+        if let Some(blocktree) = blocktree {
+            // Try to find the next "n" parent slots of the input slot
+            while let Ok(Some(meta)) = blocktree.meta(slot) {
+                if meta.received == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+                let blob = blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, meta.received - 1);
+                if let Ok(Some(mut blob)) = blob {
+                    blob.meta.set_addr(from_addr);
+                    res.push(Arc::new(RwLock::new(blob)));
+                }
+                if meta.is_parent_set() && res.len() <= max_responses {
+                    slot = meta.parent_slot;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res
+    }
+
     //TODO we should first coalesce all the requests
     fn handle_blob(
         obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
@@ -1082,14 +1145,21 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
             vec![]
         }
     }
-    fn handle_request_window_index(
+
+    fn get_repair_sender(request: &Protocol) -> &ContactInfo {
+        match request {
+            Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(ref from, _, _) => from,
+            Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(ref from, _, _) => from,
+            Protocol::RequestOrphan(ref from, _) => from,
+            _ => panic!("Not a repair request"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_repair(
         me: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
-        from: &ContactInfo,
-        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
-        slot: u64,
-        blob_index: u64,
         from_addr: &SocketAddr,
-        is_get_highest: bool,
+        blocktree: Option<&Arc<Blocktree>>,
+        request: Protocol,
     ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
         let now = Instant::now();
 
@@ -1098,12 +1168,13 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
         //TODO verify from is signed
 
         let self_id = me.read().unwrap().gossip.id;
+        let from = Self::get_repair_sender(&request);
         if from.id == me.read().unwrap().gossip.id {
             warn!(
-                "{}: Ignored received RequestWindowIndex from ME {} {} {} ",
-                self_id, from.id, slot, blob_index,
+                "{}: Ignored received repair request from ME {}",
+                self_id, from.id,
             );
-            inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-window-request-address-eq", 1);
+            inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-handle-repair--eq", 1);
             return vec![];
         }
 
@@ -1113,26 +1184,49 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
             .crds
             .update_record_timestamp(&from.id, timestamp());
         let my_info = me.read().unwrap().my_data().clone();
-        inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-window-request-recv", 1);
-        trace!(
-            "{}: received RequestWindowIndex from: {} slot: {}, blob_index: {}",
-            self_id,
-            from.id,
-            slot,
-            blob_index,
-        );
-        let res = {
-            if is_get_highest {
-                Self::run_highest_window_request(&from_addr, blocktree, slot, blob_index)
-            } else {
-                Self::run_window_request(&from, &from_addr, blocktree, &my_info, slot, blob_index)
+
+        let (res, label) = {
+            match &request {
+                Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(from, slot, blob_index) => {
+                    inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-request-window-index", 1);
+                    (
+                        Self::run_window_request(
+                            from,
+                            &from_addr,
+                            blocktree,
+                            &my_info,
+                            *slot,
+                            *blob_index,
+                        ),
+                        "RequestWindowIndex",
+                    )
+                }
+
+                Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(_, slot, highest_index) => {
+                    inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-request-highest-window-index", 1);
+                    (
+                        Self::run_highest_window_request(
+                            &from_addr,
+                            blocktree,
+                            *slot,
+                            *highest_index,
+                        ),
+                        "RequestHighestWindowIndex",
+                    )
+                }
+                Protocol::RequestOrphan(_, slot) => {
+                    inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info-request-orphan", 1);
+                    (
+                        Self::run_orphan(&from_addr, blocktree, *slot, MAX_ORPHAN_REPAIR_RESPONSES),
+                        "RequestOrphan",
+                    )
+                }
+                _ => panic!("Not a repair request"),
             }
         };
-        report_time_spent(
-            "RequestWindowIndex",
-            &now.elapsed(),
-            &format!("slot {}, blob_index: {}", slot, blob_index),
-        );
+
+        trace!("{}: received repair request: {:?}", self_id, request);
+        report_time_spent(label, &now.elapsed(), "");
         res
     }
 
@@ -1198,22 +1292,7 @@ impl ClusterInfo {
                 }
                 vec![]
             }
-            Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(from, slot, blob_index) => {
-                Self::handle_request_window_index(
-                    me, &from, blocktree, slot, blob_index, from_addr, false,
-                )
-            }
-            Protocol::RequestHighestWindowIndex(from, slot, highest_index) => {
-                Self::handle_request_window_index(
-                    me,
-                    &from,
-                    blocktree,
-                    slot,
-                    highest_index,
-                    from_addr,
-                    true,
-                )
-            }
+            _ => Self::handle_repair(me, from_addr, blocktree, request),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1347,6 +1426,7 @@ pub struct Sockets {
     pub broadcast: UdpSocket,
     pub repair: UdpSocket,
     pub retransmit: UdpSocket,
+    pub storage: Option<UdpSocket>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -1357,9 +1437,44 @@ pub struct Node {
 
 impl Node {
     pub fn new_localhost() -> Self {
-        let pubkey = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+        let pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
         Self::new_localhost_with_pubkey(&pubkey)
     }
+    pub fn new_localhost_replicator(pubkey: &Pubkey) -> Self {
+        let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let tvu = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let storage = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let empty = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+        let repair = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+
+        let broadcast = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let retransmit = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let info = ContactInfo::new(
+            pubkey,
+            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            tvu.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            empty,
+            empty,
+            storage.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            empty,
+            empty,
+            timestamp(),
+        );
+
+        Node {
+            info,
+            sockets: Sockets {
+                gossip,
+                tvu: vec![tvu],
+                tpu: vec![],
+                tpu_via_blobs: vec![],
+                broadcast,
+                repair,
+                retransmit,
+                storage: Some(storage),
+            },
+        }
+    }
     pub fn new_localhost_with_pubkey(pubkey: &Pubkey) -> Self {
         let tpu = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
         let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -1396,15 +1511,12 @@ impl Node {
                 broadcast,
                 repair,
                 retransmit,
+                storage: None,
             },
         }
     }
-    pub fn new_with_external_ip(pubkey: &Pubkey, gossip_addr: &SocketAddr) -> Node {
-        fn bind() -> (u16, UdpSocket) {
-            bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE).expect("Failed to bind")
-        };
-
-        let (gossip_port, gossip) = if gossip_addr.port() != 0 {
+    fn get_gossip_port(gossip_addr: &SocketAddr, port_range: PortRange) -> (u16, UdpSocket) {
+        if gossip_addr.port() != 0 {
             (
                 gossip_addr.port(),
                 bind_to(gossip_addr.port(), false).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
@@ -1412,22 +1524,29 @@ impl Node {
                 }),
             )
         } else {
-            bind()
-        };
+            Self::bind(port_range)
+        }
+    }
+    fn bind(port_range: PortRange) -> (u16, UdpSocket) {
+        bind_in_range(port_range).expect("Failed to bind")
+    }
+    pub fn new_with_external_ip(
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        gossip_addr: &SocketAddr,
+        port_range: PortRange,
+    ) -> Node {
+        let (gossip_port, gossip) = Self::get_gossip_port(gossip_addr, port_range);
 
-        let (tvu_port, tvu_sockets) =
-            multi_bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE, 8).expect("tvu multi_bind");
+        let (tvu_port, tvu_sockets) = multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 8).expect("tvu multi_bind");
 
-        let (tpu_port, tpu_sockets) =
-            multi_bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE, 32).expect("tpu multi_bind");
+        let (tpu_port, tpu_sockets) = multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 32).expect("tpu multi_bind");
 
         let (tpu_via_blobs_port, tpu_via_blobs_sockets) =
-            multi_bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE, 8).expect("tpu multi_bind");
+            multi_bind_in_range(port_range, 8).expect("tpu multi_bind");
 
-        let (_, repair) = bind();
-        let (_, broadcast) = bind();
-        let (_, retransmit) = bind();
-        let (storage_port, _) = bind();
+        let (_, repair) = Self::bind(port_range);
+        let (_, broadcast) = Self::bind(port_range);
+        let (_, retransmit) = Self::bind(port_range);
 
         let info = ContactInfo::new(
             pubkey,
@@ -1435,9 +1554,9 @@ impl Node {
             SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tvu_port),
             SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tpu_port),
             SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), tpu_via_blobs_port),
-            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), storage_port),
-            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), RPC_PORT),
-            SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), RPC_PORT + 1),
+            socketaddr_any!(),
+            socketaddr_any!(),
+            socketaddr_any!(),
             0,
         );
         trace!("new ContactInfo: {:?}", info);
@@ -1452,9 +1571,29 @@ impl Node {
                 broadcast,
                 repair,
                 retransmit,
+                storage: None,
             },
         }
     }
+    pub fn new_replicator_with_external_ip(
+        pubkey: &Pubkey,
+        gossip_addr: &SocketAddr,
+        port_range: PortRange,
+    ) -> Node {
+        let mut new = Self::new_with_external_ip(pubkey, gossip_addr, port_range);
+        let (storage_port, storage_socket) = Self::bind(port_range);
+
+        new.info.storage_addr = SocketAddr::new(gossip_addr.ip(), storage_port);
+        new.sockets.storage = Some(storage_socket);
+
+        let empty = socketaddr_any!();
+        new.info.tpu = empty;
+        new.info.tpu_via_blobs = empty;
+        new.sockets.tpu = vec![];
+        new.sockets.tpu_via_blobs = vec![];
+
+        new
+    }
 }
 
 fn report_time_spent(label: &str, time: &Duration, extra: &str) {
@@ -1468,9 +1607,11 @@ fn report_time_spent(label: &str, time: &Duration, extra: &str) {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::blocktree::get_tmp_ledger_path;
+    use crate::blocktree::tests::make_many_slot_entries;
     use crate::blocktree::Blocktree;
     use crate::crds_value::CrdsValueLabel;
     use crate::packet::BLOB_HEADER_SIZE;
+    use crate::repair_service::RepairType;
     use crate::result::Error;
     use crate::test_tx::test_tx;
     use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
@@ -1482,7 +1623,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_cluster_spy_gossip() {
         //check that gossip doesn't try to push to invalid addresses
         let node = Node::new_localhost();
-        let (spy, _) = ClusterInfo::spy_node(&Keypair::new().pubkey());
+        let (spy, _) = ClusterInfo::spy_node(&Pubkey::new_rand());
         let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(
             node.info,
         )));
@@ -1506,43 +1647,43 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_cluster_info_new() {
-        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d.clone());
         assert_eq!(d.id, cluster_info.my_data().id);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn insert_info_test() {
-        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d);
-        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         let label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(d.id);
         cluster_info.insert_info(d);
         assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&label).is_some());
     }
     #[test]
     fn test_insert_self() {
-        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(d.clone());
         let entry_label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(cluster_info.id());
         assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&entry_label).is_some());
 
         // inserting something else shouldn't work
-        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let d = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         cluster_info.insert_self(d.clone());
         let label = CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(d.id);
         assert!(cluster_info.gossip.crds.lookup(&label).is_none());
     }
     #[test]
     fn window_index_request() {
-        let me = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), timestamp());
+        let me = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), timestamp());
         let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(me);
-        let rv = cluster_info.window_index_request(0, 0, false);
+        let rv = cluster_info.repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0));
         assert_matches!(rv, Err(Error::ClusterInfoError(ClusterInfoError::NoPeers)));
 
         let gossip_addr = socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1234);
         let nxt = ContactInfo::new(
-            &Keypair::new().pubkey(),
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
             gossip_addr,
             socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1235),
             socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1236),
@@ -1553,13 +1694,15 @@ mod tests {
             0,
         );
         cluster_info.insert_info(nxt.clone());
-        let rv = cluster_info.window_index_request(0, 0, false).unwrap();
+        let rv = cluster_info
+            .repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0))
+            .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(nxt.gossip, gossip_addr);
         assert_eq!(rv.0, nxt.gossip);
 
         let gossip_addr2 = socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 2], 1234);
         let nxt = ContactInfo::new(
-            &Keypair::new().pubkey(),
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
             gossip_addr2,
             socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1235),
             socketaddr!([127, 0, 0, 1], 1236),
@@ -1574,7 +1717,9 @@ mod tests {
         let mut two = false;
         while !one || !two {
             //this randomly picks an option, so eventually it should pick both
-            let rv = cluster_info.window_index_request(0, 0, false).unwrap();
+            let rv = cluster_info
+                .repair_request(&RepairType::Blob(0, 0))
+                .unwrap();
             if rv.0 == gossip_addr {
                 one = true;
             }
@@ -1593,7 +1738,7 @@ mod tests {
         {
             let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
             let me = ContactInfo::new(
-                &Keypair::new().pubkey(),
+                &Pubkey::new_rand(),
                 socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1234"),
                 socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1235"),
                 socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1236"),
@@ -1692,10 +1837,46 @@ mod tests {
         Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn run_orphan() {
+        solana_logger::setup();
+        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
+        {
+            let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
+            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 2, 0);
+            assert!(rv.is_empty());
+
+            // Create slots 1, 2, 3 with 5 blobs apiece
+            let (blobs, _) = make_many_slot_entries(1, 3, 5);
+
+            blocktree
+                .write_blobs(&blobs)
+                .expect("Expect successful ledger write");
+
+            // We don't have slot 4, so we don't know how to service this requeset
+            let rv = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 4, 5);
+            assert!(rv.is_empty());
+
+            // For slot 3, we should return the highest blobs from slots 3, 2, 1 respectively
+            // for this request
+            let rv: Vec<_> = ClusterInfo::run_orphan(&socketaddr_any!(), Some(&blocktree), 3, 5)
+                .iter()
+                .map(|b| b.read().unwrap().clone())
+                .collect();
+            let expected: Vec<_> = (1..=3)
+                .rev()
+                .map(|slot| blocktree.get_data_blob(slot, 4).unwrap().unwrap())
+                .collect();
+            assert_eq!(rv, expected)
+        }
+
+        Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_default_leader() {
         solana_logger::setup();
-        let contact_info = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let contact_info = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
         let mut cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(contact_info);
         let network_entry_point =
             ContactInfo::new_gossip_entry_point(&socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1239"));
@@ -1703,69 +1884,80 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(cluster_info.leader_data().is_none());
     }
 
+    fn assert_in_range(x: u16, range: (u16, u16)) {
+        assert!(x >= range.0);
+        assert!(x < range.1);
+    }
+
+    fn check_sockets(sockets: &Vec<UdpSocket>, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
+        assert!(sockets.len() > 1);
+        let port = sockets[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
+        for socket in sockets.iter() {
+            check_socket(socket, ip, range);
+            assert_eq!(socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), port);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_socket(socket: &UdpSocket, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
+        let local_addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(local_addr.ip(), ip);
+        assert_in_range(local_addr.port(), range);
+    }
+
+    fn check_node_sockets(node: &Node, ip: IpAddr, range: (u16, u16)) {
+        check_socket(&node.sockets.gossip, ip, range);
+        check_socket(&node.sockets.repair, ip, range);
+
+        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tvu, ip, range);
+        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tpu, ip, range);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn new_with_external_ip_test_random() {
         let ip = Ipv4Addr::from(0);
-        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), &socketaddr!(ip, 0));
-        assert_eq!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        assert!(node.sockets.tvu.len() > 1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tvu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        }
-        assert!(node.sockets.tpu.len() > 1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tpu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
+        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
+            &socketaddr!(ip, 0),
+            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
+        );
 
-        assert!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().port() >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().port() < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
-        let tx_port = node.sockets.tvu[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
-        assert!(tx_port >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(tx_port < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tvu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), tx_port);
-        }
-        let tx_port = node.sockets.tpu[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
-        assert!(tx_port >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(tx_port < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tpu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), tx_port);
-        }
-        assert!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().port() >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().port() < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
+        check_node_sockets(&node, IpAddr::V4(ip), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn new_with_external_ip_test_gossip() {
         let ip = IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::from(0));
-        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), &socketaddr!(0, 8050));
-        assert_eq!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        assert!(node.sockets.tvu.len() > 1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tvu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        }
-        assert!(node.sockets.tpu.len() > 1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tpu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
-        }
-        assert_eq!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().ip(), ip);
+        let port = {
+            bind_in_range(FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE)
+                .expect("Failed to bind")
+                .0
+        };
+        let node = Node::new_with_external_ip(
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
+            &socketaddr!(0, port),
+            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
+        );
 
-        assert_eq!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().port(), 8050);
-        let tx_port = node.sockets.tvu[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
-        assert!(tx_port >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(tx_port < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tvu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), tx_port);
-        }
-        let tx_port = node.sockets.tpu[0].local_addr().unwrap().port();
-        assert!(tx_port >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(tx_port < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
-        for tx_socket in node.sockets.tpu.iter() {
-            assert_eq!(tx_socket.local_addr().unwrap().port(), tx_port);
-        }
-        assert!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().port() >= FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.0);
-        assert!(node.sockets.repair.local_addr().unwrap().port() < FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE.1);
+        check_node_sockets(&node, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+
+        assert_eq!(node.sockets.gossip.local_addr().unwrap().port(), port);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn new_replicator_external_ip_test() {
+        let ip = Ipv4Addr::from(0);
+        let node = Node::new_replicator_with_external_ip(
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
+            &socketaddr!(ip, 0),
+            FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE,
+        );
+
+        let ip = IpAddr::V4(ip);
+        check_socket(&node.sockets.storage.unwrap(), ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+        check_socket(&node.sockets.gossip, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+        check_socket(&node.sockets.repair, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+
+        check_sockets(&node.sockets.tvu, ip, FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     }
 
     //test that all cluster_info objects only generate signed messages
@@ -1980,7 +2172,7 @@ fn test_add_entrypoint() {
         ContactInfo::new_localhost(&node_keypair.pubkey(), timestamp()),
         node_keypair,
     );
-    let entrypoint_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+    let entrypoint_id = Pubkey::new_rand();
     let entrypoint = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&entrypoint_id, timestamp());
     cluster_info.set_entrypoint(entrypoint.clone());
     let pulls = cluster_info.new_pull_requests(&HashMap::new());

core/src/cluster_info_vote_listener.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 use crate::cluster_info::{ClusterInfo, GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS};
-use crate::packet;
+use crate::poh_recorder::PohRecorder;
 use crate::result::Result;
 use crate::service::Service;
-use crate::streamer::PacketSender;
+use crate::sigverify_stage::VerifiedPackets;
+use crate::{packet, sigverify};
 use solana_metrics::counter::Counter;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
 use std::thread::{self, sleep, Builder, JoinHandle};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -17,13 +19,22 @@ impl ClusterInfoVoteListener {
     pub fn new(
         exit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
         cluster_info: Arc<RwLock<ClusterInfo>>,
-        sender: PacketSender,
+        sigverify_disabled: bool,
+        sender: Sender<VerifiedPackets>,
+        poh_recorder: &Arc<Mutex<PohRecorder>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let exit = exit.clone();
+        let poh_recorder = poh_recorder.clone();
         let thread = Builder::new()
             .name("solana-cluster_info_vote_listener".to_string())
             .spawn(move || {
-                let _ = Self::recv_loop(exit, &cluster_info, &sender);
+                let _ = Self::recv_loop(
+                    exit,
+                    &cluster_info,
+                    sigverify_disabled,
+                    &sender,
+                    poh_recorder,
+                );
             })
             .unwrap();
         Self {
@@ -33,7 +44,9 @@ impl ClusterInfoVoteListener {
     fn recv_loop(
         exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
         cluster_info: &Arc<RwLock<ClusterInfo>>,
-        sender: &PacketSender,
+        sigverify_disabled: bool,
+        sender: &Sender<VerifiedPackets>,
+        poh_recorder: Arc<Mutex<PohRecorder>>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut last_ts = 0;
         loop {
@@ -41,11 +54,16 @@ impl ClusterInfoVoteListener {
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let (votes, new_ts) = cluster_info.read().unwrap().get_votes(last_ts);
-            last_ts = new_ts;
-            inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info_vote_listener-recv_count", votes.len());
-            let msgs = packet::to_packets(&votes);
-            for m in msgs {
-                sender.send(m)?;
+            if poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().bank().is_some() {
+                last_ts = new_ts;
+                inc_new_counter_info!("cluster_info_vote_listener-recv_count", votes.len());
+                let msgs = packet::to_packets(&votes);
+                let r = if sigverify_disabled {
+                    sigverify::ed25519_verify_disabled(&msgs)
+                } else {
+                    sigverify::ed25519_verify_cpu(&msgs)
+                };
+                sender.send(msgs.into_iter().zip(r).collect())?;
             }
             sleep(Duration::from_millis(GOSSIP_SLEEP_MILLIS));
         }

core/src/cluster_tests.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,21 @@ use crate::blocktree::Blocktree;
 ///
 /// All tests must start from an entry point and a funding keypair and
 /// discover the rest of the network.
-use crate::client::mk_client;
+use crate::cluster_info::FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE;
 use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
 use crate::entry::{Entry, EntrySlice};
-use crate::gossip_service::discover;
+use crate::gossip_service::discover_nodes;
+use crate::locktower::VOTE_THRESHOLD_DEPTH;
+use crate::poh_service::PohServiceConfig;
+use solana_client::thin_client::create_client;
+use solana_sdk::client::SyncClient;
 use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
-use solana_sdk::timing::{DEFAULT_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH, DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND};
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil, Signature};
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
+use solana_sdk::timing::{
+    duration_as_ms, DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT, NUM_CONSECUTIVE_LEADER_SLOTS, NUM_TICKS_PER_SECOND,
+};
+use std::io;
 use std::thread::sleep;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -22,45 +29,46 @@ pub fn spend_and_verify_all_nodes(
     funding_keypair: &Keypair,
     nodes: usize,
 ) {
-    let cluster_nodes = discover(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
+    let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
     assert!(cluster_nodes.len() >= nodes);
     for ingress_node in &cluster_nodes {
         let random_keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let mut client = mk_client(&ingress_node);
+        let client = create_client(ingress_node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
         let bal = client
             .poll_get_balance(&funding_keypair.pubkey())
             .expect("balance in source");
         assert!(bal > 0);
-        let mut transaction = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+        let mut transaction = system_transaction::transfer(
             &funding_keypair,
             &random_keypair.pubkey(),
             1,
-            client.get_recent_blockhash(),
+            client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap(),
             0,
         );
+        let confs = VOTE_THRESHOLD_DEPTH + 1;
         let sig = client
-            .retry_transfer(&funding_keypair, &mut transaction, 5)
+            .retry_transfer_until_confirmed(&funding_keypair, &mut transaction, 5, confs)
             .unwrap();
         for validator in &cluster_nodes {
-            let mut client = mk_client(&validator);
-            client.poll_for_signature(&sig).unwrap();
+            let client = create_client(validator.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+            client.poll_for_signature_confirmation(&sig, confs).unwrap();
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub fn send_many_transactions(node: &ContactInfo, funding_keypair: &Keypair, num_txs: u64) {
-    let mut client = mk_client(node);
+    let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
     for _ in 0..num_txs {
         let random_keypair = Keypair::new();
         let bal = client
             .poll_get_balance(&funding_keypair.pubkey())
             .expect("balance in source");
         assert!(bal > 0);
-        let mut transaction = SystemTransaction::new_move(
+        let mut transaction = system_transaction::transfer(
             &funding_keypair,
             &random_keypair.pubkey(),
             1,
-            client.get_recent_blockhash(),
+            client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap(),
             0,
         );
         client
@@ -70,15 +78,15 @@ pub fn send_many_transactions(node: &ContactInfo, funding_keypair: &Keypair, num
 }
 
 pub fn fullnode_exit(entry_point_info: &ContactInfo, nodes: usize) {
-    let cluster_nodes = discover(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
+    let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
     assert!(cluster_nodes.len() >= nodes);
     for node in &cluster_nodes {
-        let mut client = mk_client(&node);
+        let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
         assert!(client.fullnode_exit().unwrap());
     }
     sleep(Duration::from_millis(SLOT_MILLIS));
     for node in &cluster_nodes {
-        let mut client = mk_client(&node);
+        let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
         assert!(client.fullnode_exit().is_err());
     }
 }
@@ -116,53 +124,121 @@ pub fn verify_ledger_ticks(ledger_path: &str, ticks_per_slot: usize) {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn sleep_n_epochs(
+    num_epochs: f64,
+    config: &PohServiceConfig,
+    ticks_per_slot: u64,
+    slots_per_epoch: u64,
+) {
+    let num_ticks_per_second = {
+        match config {
+            PohServiceConfig::Sleep(d) => (1000 / duration_as_ms(d)) as f64,
+            _ => panic!("Unsuppported tick config for testing"),
+        }
+    };
+
+    let num_ticks_to_sleep = num_epochs * ticks_per_slot as f64 * slots_per_epoch as f64;
+    sleep(Duration::from_secs(
+        ((num_ticks_to_sleep + num_ticks_per_second - 1.0) / num_ticks_per_second) as u64,
+    ));
+}
+
 pub fn kill_entry_and_spend_and_verify_rest(
     entry_point_info: &ContactInfo,
     funding_keypair: &Keypair,
     nodes: usize,
 ) {
     solana_logger::setup();
-    let cluster_nodes = discover(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
+    let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info.gossip, nodes).unwrap();
     assert!(cluster_nodes.len() >= nodes);
-    let mut client = mk_client(&entry_point_info);
-    info!("sleeping for an epoch");
-    sleep(Duration::from_millis(SLOT_MILLIS * DEFAULT_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH));
-    info!("done sleeping for an epoch");
+    let client = create_client(entry_point_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+    info!("sleeping for 2 leader fortnights");
+    sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+        SLOT_MILLIS * NUM_CONSECUTIVE_LEADER_SLOTS * 2,
+    ));
+    info!("done sleeping for 2 fortnights");
     info!("killing entry point");
     assert!(client.fullnode_exit().unwrap());
-    info!("sleeping for a slot");
-    sleep(Duration::from_millis(SLOT_MILLIS));
-    info!("done sleeping for a slot");
+    info!("sleeping for 2 leader fortnights");
+    sleep(Duration::from_millis(
+        SLOT_MILLIS * NUM_CONSECUTIVE_LEADER_SLOTS,
+    ));
+    info!("done sleeping for 2 fortnights");
     for ingress_node in &cluster_nodes {
         if ingress_node.id == entry_point_info.id {
             continue;
         }
-        let random_keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let mut client = mk_client(&ingress_node);
+
+        let client = create_client(ingress_node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
         let bal = client
             .poll_get_balance(&funding_keypair.pubkey())
             .expect("balance in source");
         assert!(bal > 0);
-        let mut transaction = SystemTransaction::new_move(
-            &funding_keypair,
-            &random_keypair.pubkey(),
-            1,
-            client.get_recent_blockhash(),
-            0,
-        );
-        let sig = client
-            .retry_transfer(&funding_keypair, &mut transaction, 5)
-            .unwrap();
-        for validator in &cluster_nodes {
-            if validator.id == entry_point_info.id {
-                continue;
+
+        let mut result = Ok(());
+        let mut retries = 0;
+        loop {
+            retries += 1;
+            if retries > 5 {
+                result.unwrap();
+            }
+
+            let random_keypair = Keypair::new();
+            let mut transaction = system_transaction::transfer(
+                &funding_keypair,
+                &random_keypair.pubkey(),
+                1,
+                client.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap(),
+                0,
+            );
+
+            let confs = VOTE_THRESHOLD_DEPTH + 1;
+            let sig = {
+                let sig = client.retry_transfer_until_confirmed(
+                    &funding_keypair,
+                    &mut transaction,
+                    5,
+                    confs,
+                );
+                match sig {
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        result = Err(e);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    Ok(sig) => sig,
+                }
+            };
+
+            match poll_all_nodes_for_signature(&entry_point_info, &cluster_nodes, &sig, confs) {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    result = Err(e);
+                }
+                Ok(()) => {
+                    break;
+                }
             }
-            let mut client = mk_client(&validator);
-            client.poll_for_signature(&sig).unwrap();
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn poll_all_nodes_for_signature(
+    entry_point_info: &ContactInfo,
+    cluster_nodes: &[ContactInfo],
+    sig: &Signature,
+    confs: usize,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    for validator in cluster_nodes {
+        if validator.id == entry_point_info.id {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let client = create_client(validator.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+        client.poll_for_signature_confirmation(&sig, confs)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn get_and_verify_slot_entries(blocktree: &Blocktree, slot: u64, last_entry: &Hash) -> Vec<Entry> {
     let entries = blocktree.get_slot_entries(slot, 0, None).unwrap();
     assert!(entries.verify(last_entry));

core/src/contact_info.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-use crate::rpc_service::RPC_PORT;
 use bincode::serialize;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil, Signable, Signature};
+#[cfg(test)]
+use solana_sdk::rpc_port;
+#[cfg(test)]
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Signable, Signature};
 use solana_sdk::timing::timestamp;
 use std::cmp::{Ord, Ordering, PartialEq, PartialOrd};
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ impl ContactInfo {
         let addr = socketaddr!("224.0.1.255:1000");
         assert!(addr.ip().is_multicast());
         Self::new(
-            &Keypair::new().pubkey(),
+            &Pubkey::new_rand(),
             addr,
             addr,
             addr,
@@ -141,18 +144,21 @@ impl ContactInfo {
             0,
         )
     }
-    fn next_port(addr: &SocketAddr, nxt: u16) -> SocketAddr {
-        let mut nxt_addr = *addr;
-        nxt_addr.set_port(addr.port() + nxt);
-        nxt_addr
-    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
     fn new_with_pubkey_socketaddr(pubkey: &Pubkey, bind_addr: &SocketAddr) -> Self {
+        fn next_port(addr: &SocketAddr, nxt: u16) -> SocketAddr {
+            let mut nxt_addr = *addr;
+            nxt_addr.set_port(addr.port() + nxt);
+            nxt_addr
+        }
+
         let tpu_addr = *bind_addr;
-        let gossip_addr = Self::next_port(&bind_addr, 1);
-        let tvu_addr = Self::next_port(&bind_addr, 2);
-        let tpu_via_blobs_addr = Self::next_port(&bind_addr, 3);
-        let rpc_addr = SocketAddr::new(bind_addr.ip(), RPC_PORT);
-        let rpc_pubsub_addr = SocketAddr::new(bind_addr.ip(), RPC_PORT + 1);
+        let gossip_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 1);
+        let tvu_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 2);
+        let tpu_via_blobs_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 3);
+        let rpc_addr = SocketAddr::new(bind_addr.ip(), rpc_port::DEFAULT_RPC_PORT);
+        let rpc_pubsub_addr = SocketAddr::new(bind_addr.ip(), rpc_port::DEFAULT_RPC_PUBSUB_PORT);
         Self::new(
             pubkey,
             gossip_addr,
@@ -165,7 +171,9 @@ impl ContactInfo {
             timestamp(),
         )
     }
-    pub fn new_with_socketaddr(bind_addr: &SocketAddr) -> Self {
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn new_with_socketaddr(bind_addr: &SocketAddr) -> Self {
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
         Self::new_with_pubkey_socketaddr(&keypair.pubkey(), bind_addr)
     }
@@ -185,17 +193,23 @@ impl ContactInfo {
             timestamp(),
         )
     }
+
     fn is_valid_ip(addr: IpAddr) -> bool {
         !(addr.is_unspecified() || addr.is_multicast())
         // || (addr.is_loopback() && !cfg_test))
         // TODO: boot loopback in production networks
     }
+
     /// port must not be 0
     /// ip must be specified and not mulitcast
     /// loopback ip is only allowed in tests
     pub fn is_valid_address(addr: &SocketAddr) -> bool {
         (addr.port() != 0) && Self::is_valid_ip(addr.ip())
     }
+
+    pub fn client_facing_addr(&self) -> (SocketAddr, SocketAddr) {
+        (self.rpc, self.tpu)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Signable for ContactInfo {
@@ -210,6 +224,7 @@ impl Signable for ContactInfo {
             gossip: SocketAddr,
             tvu: SocketAddr,
             tpu: SocketAddr,
+            tpu_via_blobs: SocketAddr,
             storage_addr: SocketAddr,
             rpc: SocketAddr,
             rpc_pubsub: SocketAddr,
@@ -223,6 +238,7 @@ impl Signable for ContactInfo {
             tvu: me.tvu,
             tpu: me.tpu,
             storage_addr: me.storage_addr,
+            tpu_via_blobs: me.tpu_via_blobs,
             rpc: me.rpc,
             rpc_pubsub: me.rpc_pubsub,
             wallclock: me.wallclock,

core/src/crds.rs

@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ impl Crds {
 mod test {
     use super::*;
     use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_insert() {
@@ -302,11 +301,11 @@ mod test {
     fn test_label_order() {
         let v1 = VersionedCrdsValue::new(
             1,
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0)),
+            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0)),
         );
         let v2 = VersionedCrdsValue::new(
             1,
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0)),
+            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0)),
         );
         assert_ne!(v1, v2);
         assert!(!(v1 == v2));

core/src/crds_gossip_pull.rs

@@ -209,18 +209,16 @@ impl CrdsGossipPull {
 mod test {
     use super::*;
     use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_new_pull_with_stakes() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut stakes = HashMap::new();
         let node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
-        let me = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let me = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         crds.insert(me.clone(), 0).unwrap();
         for i in 1..=30 {
-            let entry =
-                CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+            let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
             let id = entry.label().pubkey();
             crds.insert(entry.clone(), 0).unwrap();
             stakes.insert(id, i * 100);
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_new_pull_request() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
-        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let id = entry.label().pubkey();
         let node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ mod test {
             Err(CrdsGossipError::NoPeers)
         );
 
-        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         crds.insert(new.clone(), 0).unwrap();
         let req = node.new_pull_request(&crds, &id, 0, &HashMap::new());
         let (to, _, self_info) = req.unwrap();
@@ -264,13 +262,13 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_new_mark_creation_time() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
-        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let node_id = entry.label().pubkey();
         let mut node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         crds.insert(entry.clone(), 0).unwrap();
-        let old = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let old = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         crds.insert(old.clone(), 0).unwrap();
-        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         crds.insert(new.clone(), 0).unwrap();
 
         // set request creation time to max_value
@@ -288,11 +286,11 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_process_pull_request() {
         let mut node_crds = Crds::default();
-        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let node_id = entry.label().pubkey();
         let node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         node_crds.insert(entry.clone(), 0).unwrap();
-        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         node_crds.insert(new.clone(), 0).unwrap();
         let req = node.new_pull_request(&node_crds, &node_id, 0, &HashMap::new());
 
@@ -320,17 +318,17 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_process_pull_request_response() {
         let mut node_crds = Crds::default();
-        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let node_id = entry.label().pubkey();
         let mut node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         node_crds.insert(entry.clone(), 0).unwrap();
 
-        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         node_crds.insert(new.clone(), 0).unwrap();
 
         let mut dest = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         let mut dest_crds = Crds::default();
-        let new_id = Keypair::new().pubkey();
+        let new_id = Pubkey::new_rand();
         let new = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&new_id, 1));
         dest_crds.insert(new.clone(), 0).unwrap();
 
@@ -384,12 +382,12 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_gossip_purge() {
         let mut node_crds = Crds::default();
-        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let entry = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let node_label = entry.label();
         let node_id = node_label.pubkey();
         let mut node = CrdsGossipPull::default();
         node_crds.insert(entry.clone(), 0).unwrap();
-        let old = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let old = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         node_crds.insert(old.clone(), 0).unwrap();
         let value_hash = node_crds.lookup_versioned(&old.label()).unwrap().value_hash;
 

core/src/crds_gossip_push.rs

@@ -266,13 +266,12 @@ impl CrdsGossipPush {
 mod test {
     use super::*;
     use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
-    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_process_push() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         let label = value.label();
         // push a new message
         assert_eq!(
@@ -291,7 +290,7 @@ mod test {
     fn test_process_push_old_version() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
         ci.wallclock = 1;
         let value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ci.clone());
 
@@ -311,7 +310,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
         let timeout = push.msg_timeout;
-        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
 
         // push a version to far in the future
         ci.wallclock = timeout + 1;
@@ -333,7 +332,7 @@ mod test {
     fn test_process_push_update() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
         ci.wallclock = 0;
         let value_old = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ci.clone());
 
@@ -366,15 +365,13 @@ mod test {
         solana_logger::setup();
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let value1 =
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let value1 = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
 
         assert_eq!(crds.insert(value1.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         push.refresh_push_active_set(&crds, &HashMap::new(), &Pubkey::default(), 1, 1);
 
         assert!(push.active_set.get(&value1.label().pubkey()).is_some());
-        let value2 =
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let value2 = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert!(push.active_set.get(&value2.label().pubkey()).is_none());
         assert_eq!(crds.insert(value2.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         for _ in 0..30 {
@@ -386,8 +383,7 @@ mod test {
         assert!(push.active_set.get(&value2.label().pubkey()).is_some());
 
         for _ in 0..push.num_active {
-            let value2 =
-                CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+            let value2 = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
             assert_eq!(crds.insert(value2.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         }
         push.refresh_push_active_set(&crds, &HashMap::new(), &Pubkey::default(), 1, 1);
@@ -401,7 +397,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut stakes = HashMap::new();
         for i in 1..=100 {
             let peer =
-                CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), time));
+                CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), time));
             let id = peer.label().pubkey();
             crds.insert(peer.clone(), time).unwrap();
             stakes.insert(id, i * 100);
@@ -419,12 +415,11 @@ mod test {
     fn test_new_push_messages() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert_eq!(crds.insert(peer.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         push.refresh_push_active_set(&crds, &HashMap::new(), &Pubkey::default(), 1, 1);
 
-        let new_msg =
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new_msg = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert_eq!(
             push.process_push_message(&mut crds, new_msg.clone(), 0),
             Ok(None)
@@ -439,12 +434,11 @@ mod test {
     fn test_process_prune() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert_eq!(crds.insert(peer.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         push.refresh_push_active_set(&crds, &HashMap::new(), &Pubkey::default(), 1, 1);
 
-        let new_msg =
-            CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let new_msg = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert_eq!(
             push.process_push_message(&mut crds, new_msg.clone(), 0),
             Ok(None)
@@ -459,11 +453,11 @@ mod test {
     fn test_purge_old_pending_push_messages() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0));
+        let peer = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0));
         assert_eq!(crds.insert(peer.clone(), 0), Ok(None));
         push.refresh_push_active_set(&crds, &HashMap::new(), &Pubkey::default(), 1, 1);
 
-        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
         ci.wallclock = 1;
         let new_msg = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ci.clone());
         assert_eq!(
@@ -481,7 +475,7 @@ mod test {
     fn test_purge_old_pushed_once_messages() {
         let mut crds = Crds::default();
         let mut push = CrdsGossipPush::default();
-        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0);
+        let mut ci = ContactInfo::new_localhost(&Pubkey::new_rand(), 0);
         ci.wallclock = 0;
         let value = CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ci.clone());
         let label = value.label();

core/src/crds_value.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
+use bincode::serialize;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signable, Signature};
 use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
@@ -15,30 +16,37 @@ pub enum CrdsValue {
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Vote {
+    pub from: Pubkey,
     pub transaction: Transaction,
+    pub signature: Signature,
     pub wallclock: u64,
 }
 
 impl Signable for Vote {
-    fn sign(&mut self, _keypair: &Keypair) {}
-
-    fn verify(&self) -> bool {
-        self.transaction.verify_signature()
-    }
-
     fn pubkey(&self) -> Pubkey {
-        self.transaction.account_keys[0]
+        self.from
     }
 
     fn signable_data(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        vec![]
+        #[derive(Serialize)]
+        struct SignData {
+            transaction: Transaction,
+            wallclock: u64,
+        }
+        let data = SignData {
+            transaction: self.transaction.clone(),
+            wallclock: self.wallclock,
+        };
+        serialize(&data).expect("unable to serialize Vote")
     }
 
     fn get_signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::default()
+        self.signature
     }
 
-    fn set_signature(&mut self, _signature: Signature) {}
+    fn set_signature(&mut self, signature: Signature) {
+        self.signature = signature
+    }
 }
 
 /// Type of the replicated value
@@ -68,10 +76,11 @@ impl CrdsValueLabel {
 }
 
 impl Vote {
-    // TODO: it might make sense for the transaction to encode the wallclock in the userdata
-    pub fn new(transaction: Transaction, wallclock: u64) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(from: &Pubkey, transaction: Transaction, wallclock: u64) -> Self {
         Vote {
+            from: *from,
             transaction,
+            signature: Signature::default(),
             wallclock,
         }
     }
@@ -177,21 +186,31 @@ mod test {
         let key = v.clone().contact_info().unwrap().id;
         assert_eq!(v.label(), CrdsValueLabel::ContactInfo(key));
 
-        let v = CrdsValue::Vote(Vote::new(test_tx(), 0));
+        let v = CrdsValue::Vote(Vote::new(&Pubkey::default(), test_tx(), 0));
         assert_eq!(v.wallclock(), 0);
-        let key = v.clone().vote().unwrap().transaction.account_keys[0];
+        let key = v.clone().vote().unwrap().from;
         assert_eq!(v.label(), CrdsValueLabel::Vote(key));
     }
     #[test]
     fn test_signature() {
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let fake_keypair = Keypair::new();
+        let wrong_keypair = Keypair::new();
         let mut v =
             CrdsValue::ContactInfo(ContactInfo::new_localhost(&keypair.pubkey(), timestamp()));
-        v.sign(&keypair);
-        assert!(v.verify());
-        v.sign(&fake_keypair);
-        assert!(!v.verify());
+        verify_signatures(&mut v, &keypair, &wrong_keypair);
+        v = CrdsValue::Vote(Vote::new(&keypair.pubkey(), test_tx(), timestamp()));
+        verify_signatures(&mut v, &keypair, &wrong_keypair);
     }
 
+    fn verify_signatures(
+        value: &mut CrdsValue,
+        correct_keypair: &Keypair,
+        wrong_keypair: &Keypair,
+    ) {
+        assert!(!value.verify());
+        value.sign(&correct_keypair);
+        assert!(value.verify());
+        value.sign(&wrong_keypair);
+        assert!(!value.verify());
+    }
 }

core/src/db_window.rs

@@ -1,474 +0,0 @@
-//! Set of functions for emulating windowing functions from a database ledger implementation
-use crate::blocktree::*;
-#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
-use crate::erasure;
-use crate::packet::{SharedBlob, BLOB_HEADER_SIZE};
-use crate::result::Result;
-use crate::streamer::BlobSender;
-use solana_metrics::counter::Counter;
-use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
-use std::borrow::Borrow;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-pub const MAX_REPAIR_LENGTH: usize = 128;
-
-pub fn retransmit_blobs(dq: &[SharedBlob], retransmit: &BlobSender, id: &Pubkey) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut retransmit_queue: Vec<SharedBlob> = Vec::new();
-    for b in dq {
-        // Don't add blobs generated by this node to the retransmit queue
-        if b.read().unwrap().id() != *id {
-            retransmit_queue.push(b.clone());
-        }
-    }
-
-    if !retransmit_queue.is_empty() {
-        inc_new_counter_info!("streamer-recv_window-retransmit", retransmit_queue.len());
-        retransmit.send(retransmit_queue)?;
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Process a blob: Add blob to the ledger window.
-pub fn process_blob(blocktree: &Arc<Blocktree>, blob: &SharedBlob) -> Result<()> {
-    let is_coding = blob.read().unwrap().is_coding();
-
-    // Check if the blob is in the range of our known leaders. If not, we return.
-    let (slot, pix) = {
-        let r_blob = blob.read().unwrap();
-        (r_blob.slot(), r_blob.index())
-    };
-
-    // TODO: Once the original leader signature is added to the blob, make sure that
-    // the blob was originally generated by the expected leader for this slot
-
-    // Insert the new blob into block tree
-    if is_coding {
-        let blob = &blob.read().unwrap();
-        blocktree.put_coding_blob_bytes(slot, pix, &blob.data[..BLOB_HEADER_SIZE + blob.size()])?;
-    } else {
-        blocktree.insert_data_blobs(vec![(*blob.read().unwrap()).borrow()])?;
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
-    {
-        // TODO: Support per-slot erasure. Issue: https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/issues/2441
-        if let Err(e) = try_erasure(blocktree, 0) {
-            trace!(
-                "erasure::recover failed to write recovered coding blobs. Err: {:?}",
-                e
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
-fn try_erasure(blocktree: &Arc<Blocktree>, slot_index: u64) -> Result<()> {
-    let meta = blocktree.meta(slot_index)?;
-
-    if let Some(meta) = meta {
-        let (data, coding) = erasure::recover(blocktree, slot_index, meta.consumed)?;
-        for c in coding {
-            let c = c.read().unwrap();
-            blocktree.put_coding_blob_bytes(
-                0,
-                c.index(),
-                &c.data[..BLOB_HEADER_SIZE + c.size()],
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        blocktree.write_shared_blobs(data)
-    } else {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-    use crate::blocktree::get_tmp_ledger_path;
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "erasure", test))]
-    use crate::entry::reconstruct_entries_from_blobs;
-    use crate::entry::{make_tiny_test_entries, EntrySlice};
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "erasure", test))]
-    use crate::erasure::test::{generate_blocktree_from_window, setup_window_ledger};
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "erasure", test))]
-    use crate::erasure::{NUM_CODING, NUM_DATA};
-    use crate::packet::{index_blobs, Blob, Packet, Packets, SharedBlob, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
-    use crate::streamer::{receiver, responder, PacketReceiver};
-    use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-    use std::io;
-    use std::io::Write;
-    use std::net::UdpSocket;
-    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    fn get_msgs(r: PacketReceiver, num: &mut usize) {
-        for _t in 0..5 {
-            let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
-            match r.recv_timeout(timer) {
-                Ok(m) => *num += m.read().unwrap().packets.len(),
-                e => info!("error {:?}", e),
-            }
-            if *num == 10 {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    #[test]
-    pub fn streamer_debug() {
-        write!(io::sink(), "{:?}", Packet::default()).unwrap();
-        write!(io::sink(), "{:?}", Packets::default()).unwrap();
-        write!(io::sink(), "{:?}", Blob::default()).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn streamer_send_test() {
-        let read = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        read.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0))).unwrap();
-
-        let addr = read.local_addr().unwrap();
-        let send = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
-        let t_receiver = receiver(Arc::new(read), &exit, s_reader, "window-streamer-test");
-        let t_responder = {
-            let (s_responder, r_responder) = channel();
-            let t_responder = responder("streamer_send_test", Arc::new(send), r_responder);
-            let mut msgs = Vec::new();
-            for i in 0..10 {
-                let b = SharedBlob::default();
-                {
-                    let mut w = b.write().unwrap();
-                    w.data[0] = i as u8;
-                    w.meta.size = PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
-                    w.meta.set_addr(&addr);
-                }
-                msgs.push(b);
-            }
-            s_responder.send(msgs).expect("send");
-            t_responder
-        };
-
-        let mut num = 0;
-        get_msgs(r_reader, &mut num);
-        assert_eq!(num, 10);
-        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        t_receiver.join().expect("join");
-        t_responder.join().expect("join");
-    }
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_missing_data_indexes_sanity() {
-        let slot = 0;
-
-        let blocktree_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open(&blocktree_path).unwrap();
-
-        // Early exit conditions
-        let empty: Vec<u64> = vec![];
-        assert_eq!(blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, 0, 1), empty);
-        assert_eq!(blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 5, 5, 1), empty);
-        assert_eq!(blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 4, 3, 1), empty);
-        assert_eq!(blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 1, 2, 0), empty);
-
-        let mut blobs = make_tiny_test_entries(2).to_blobs();
-
-        const ONE: u64 = 1;
-        const OTHER: u64 = 4;
-
-        blobs[0].set_index(ONE);
-        blobs[1].set_index(OTHER);
-
-        // Insert one blob at index = first_index
-        blocktree.write_blobs(&blobs).unwrap();
-
-        const STARTS: u64 = OTHER * 2;
-        const END: u64 = OTHER * 3;
-        const MAX: usize = 10;
-        // The first blob has index = first_index. Thus, for i < first_index,
-        // given the input range of [i, first_index], the missing indexes should be
-        // [i, first_index - 1]
-        for start in 0..STARTS {
-            let result = blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(
-                slot, start, // start
-                END,   //end
-                MAX,   //max
-            );
-            let expected: Vec<u64> = (start..END).filter(|i| *i != ONE && *i != OTHER).collect();
-            assert_eq!(result, expected);
-        }
-
-        drop(blocktree);
-        Blocktree::destroy(&blocktree_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_missing_data_indexes() {
-        let slot = 0;
-        let blocktree_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open(&blocktree_path).unwrap();
-
-        // Write entries
-        let gap = 10;
-        assert!(gap > 3);
-        let num_entries = 10;
-        let mut blobs = make_tiny_test_entries(num_entries).to_blobs();
-        for (i, b) in blobs.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            b.set_index(i as u64 * gap);
-            b.set_slot(slot);
-        }
-        blocktree.write_blobs(&blobs).unwrap();
-
-        // Index of the first blob is 0
-        // Index of the second blob is "gap"
-        // Thus, the missing indexes should then be [1, gap - 1] for the input index
-        // range of [0, gap)
-        let expected: Vec<u64> = (1..gap).collect();
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, gap, gap as usize),
-            expected
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 1, gap, (gap - 1) as usize),
-            expected,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, gap - 1, (gap - 1) as usize),
-            &expected[..expected.len() - 1],
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, gap - 2, gap, gap as usize),
-            vec![gap - 2, gap - 1],
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, gap - 2, gap, 1),
-            vec![gap - 2],
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, gap, 1),
-            vec![1],
-        );
-
-        // Test with end indexes that are greater than the last item in the ledger
-        let mut expected: Vec<u64> = (1..gap).collect();
-        expected.push(gap + 1);
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, gap + 2, (gap + 2) as usize),
-            expected,
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, 0, gap + 2, (gap - 1) as usize),
-            &expected[..expected.len() - 1],
-        );
-
-        for i in 0..num_entries as u64 {
-            for j in 0..i {
-                let expected: Vec<u64> = (j..i)
-                    .flat_map(|k| {
-                        let begin = k * gap + 1;
-                        let end = (k + 1) * gap;
-                        (begin..end)
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                assert_eq!(
-                    blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(
-                        slot,
-                        j * gap,
-                        i * gap,
-                        ((i - j) * gap) as usize
-                    ),
-                    expected,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        drop(blocktree);
-        Blocktree::destroy(&blocktree_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_find_missing_data_indexes_slots() {
-        let blocktree_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open(&blocktree_path).unwrap();
-
-        let num_entries_per_slot = 10;
-        let num_slots = 2;
-        let mut blobs = make_tiny_test_entries(num_slots * num_entries_per_slot).to_blobs();
-
-        // Insert every nth entry for each slot
-        let nth = 3;
-        for (i, b) in blobs.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            b.set_index(((i % num_entries_per_slot) * nth) as u64);
-            b.set_slot((i / num_entries_per_slot) as u64);
-        }
-
-        blocktree.write_blobs(&blobs).unwrap();
-
-        let mut expected: Vec<u64> = (0..num_entries_per_slot)
-            .flat_map(|x| ((nth * x + 1) as u64..(nth * x + nth) as u64))
-            .collect();
-
-        // For each slot, find all missing indexes in the range [0, num_entries_per_slot * nth]
-        for slot in 0..num_slots {
-            assert_eq!(
-                blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(
-                    slot as u64,
-                    0,
-                    (num_entries_per_slot * nth) as u64,
-                    num_entries_per_slot * nth as usize
-                ),
-                expected,
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Test with a limit on the number of returned entries
-        for slot in 0..num_slots {
-            assert_eq!(
-                blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(
-                    slot as u64,
-                    0,
-                    (num_entries_per_slot * nth) as u64,
-                    num_entries_per_slot * (nth - 1)
-                )[..],
-                expected[..num_entries_per_slot * (nth - 1)],
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Try to find entries in the range [num_entries_per_slot * nth..num_entries_per_slot * (nth + 1)
-        // that don't exist in the ledger.
-        let extra_entries =
-            (num_entries_per_slot * nth) as u64..(num_entries_per_slot * (nth + 1)) as u64;
-        expected.extend(extra_entries);
-
-        // For each slot, find all missing indexes in the range [0, num_entries_per_slot * nth]
-        for slot in 0..num_slots {
-            assert_eq!(
-                blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(
-                    slot as u64,
-                    0,
-                    (num_entries_per_slot * (nth + 1)) as u64,
-                    num_entries_per_slot * (nth + 1),
-                ),
-                expected,
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_no_missing_blob_indexes() {
-        let slot = 0;
-        let blocktree_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Blocktree::open(&blocktree_path).unwrap();
-
-        // Write entries
-        let num_entries = 10;
-        let shared_blobs = make_tiny_test_entries(num_entries).to_shared_blobs();
-
-        index_blobs(&shared_blobs, &Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0, slot, 0);
-
-        let blob_locks: Vec<_> = shared_blobs.iter().map(|b| b.read().unwrap()).collect();
-        let blobs: Vec<&Blob> = blob_locks.iter().map(|b| &**b).collect();
-        blocktree.write_blobs(blobs).unwrap();
-
-        let empty: Vec<u64> = vec![];
-        for i in 0..num_entries as u64 {
-            for j in 0..i {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    blocktree.find_missing_data_indexes(slot, j, i, (i - j) as usize),
-                    empty
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        drop(blocktree);
-        Blocktree::destroy(&blocktree_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(all(feature = "erasure", test))]
-    #[test]
-    pub fn test_try_erasure() {
-        // Setup the window
-        let offset = 0;
-        let num_blobs = NUM_DATA + 2;
-        let slot = 0;
-        let mut window = setup_window_ledger(offset, num_blobs, false, slot);
-        let end_index = (offset + num_blobs) % window.len();
-
-        // Test erasing a data block and an erasure block
-        let coding_start = offset - (offset % NUM_DATA) + (NUM_DATA - NUM_CODING);
-
-        let erased_index = coding_start % window.len();
-
-        // Create a hole in the window
-        let erased_data = window[erased_index].data.clone();
-        let erased_coding = window[erased_index].coding.clone().unwrap();
-        window[erased_index].data = None;
-        window[erased_index].coding = None;
-
-        // Generate the blocktree from the window
-        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Arc::new(generate_blocktree_from_window(&ledger_path, &window, false));
-
-        try_erasure(&blocktree, 0).expect("Expected successful erasure attempt");
-        window[erased_index].data = erased_data;
-
-        {
-            let data_blobs: Vec<_> = window[erased_index..end_index]
-                .iter()
-                .map(|entry| entry.data.clone().unwrap())
-                .collect();
-
-            let locks: Vec<_> = data_blobs.iter().map(|blob| blob.read().unwrap()).collect();
-
-            let locked_data: Vec<&Blob> = locks.iter().map(|lock| &**lock).collect();
-
-            let (expected, _) = reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(locked_data).unwrap();
-
-            assert_eq!(
-                blocktree
-                    .get_slot_entries(
-                        0,
-                        erased_index as u64,
-                        Some((end_index - erased_index) as u64)
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
-                expected
-            );
-        }
-
-        let erased_coding_l = erased_coding.read().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            &blocktree
-                .get_coding_blob_bytes(slot, erased_index as u64)
-                .unwrap()
-                .unwrap()[BLOB_HEADER_SIZE..],
-            &erased_coding_l.data()[..erased_coding_l.size() as usize],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_process_blob() {
-        let blocktree_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
-        let blocktree = Arc::new(Blocktree::open(&blocktree_path).unwrap());
-        let num_entries = 10;
-        let original_entries = make_tiny_test_entries(num_entries);
-        let shared_blobs = original_entries.clone().to_shared_blobs();
-
-        index_blobs(&shared_blobs, &Keypair::new().pubkey(), 0, 0, 0);
-
-        for blob in shared_blobs.iter().rev() {
-            process_blob(&blocktree, blob).expect("Expect successful processing of blob");
-        }
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            blocktree.get_slot_entries(0, 0, None).unwrap(),
-            original_entries
-        );
-
-        drop(blocktree);
-        Blocktree::destroy(&blocktree_path).expect("Expected successful database destruction");
-    }
-}

core/src/entry.rs

@@ -5,18 +5,14 @@
 use crate::packet::{Blob, SharedBlob, BLOB_DATA_SIZE};
 use crate::poh::Poh;
 use crate::result::Result;
-use bincode::{deserialize, serialize_into, serialized_size};
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialized_size};
 use chrono::prelude::Utc;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana_budget_api::budget_transaction::BudgetTransaction;
-use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
-use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use solana_budget_api::budget_instruction;
+use solana_sdk::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
-use solana_vote_api::vote_instruction::Vote;
-use solana_vote_api::vote_transaction::VoteTransaction;
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
-use std::io::Cursor;
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender};
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
@@ -102,62 +98,19 @@ impl Entry {
     }
 
     pub fn to_blob(&self) -> Blob {
-        let mut blob = Blob::default();
-        let pos = {
-            let mut out = Cursor::new(blob.data_mut());
-            serialize_into(&mut out, &self).expect("failed to serialize output");
-            out.position() as usize
-        };
-        blob.set_size(pos);
-        blob
+        Blob::from_serializable(&vec![&self])
     }
 
     /// Estimate serialized_size of Entry without creating an Entry.
     pub fn serialized_size(transactions: &[Transaction]) -> u64 {
         let txs_size: u64 = transactions
             .iter()
-            .map(|tx| tx.serialized_size().unwrap())
+            .map(|tx| serialized_size(tx).unwrap())
             .sum();
         // num_hashes   +    hash  +              txs
         (2 * size_of::<u64>() + size_of::<Hash>()) as u64 + txs_size
     }
 
-    pub fn num_will_fit(transactions: &[Transaction]) -> usize {
-        if transactions.is_empty() {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        let mut num = transactions.len();
-        let mut upper = transactions.len();
-        let mut lower = 1; // if one won't fit, we have a lot of TODOs
-        let mut next = transactions.len(); // optimistic
-        loop {
-            debug!(
-                "num {}, upper {} lower {} next {} transactions.len() {}",
-                num,
-                upper,
-                lower,
-                next,
-                transactions.len()
-            );
-            if Self::serialized_size(&transactions[..num]) <= BLOB_DATA_SIZE as u64 {
-                next = (upper + num) / 2;
-                lower = num;
-                debug!("num {} fits, maybe too well? trying {}", num, next);
-            } else {
-                next = (lower + num) / 2;
-                upper = num;
-                debug!("num {} doesn't fit! trying {}", num, next);
-            }
-            // same as last time
-            if next == num {
-                debug!("converged on num {}", num);
-                break;
-            }
-            num = next;
-        }
-        num
-    }
-
     /// Creates the next Tick Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
     pub fn new_mut(
         start_hash: &mut Hash,
@@ -202,6 +155,17 @@ impl Entry {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn hash_transactions(transactions: &[Transaction]) -> Hash {
+    // a hash of a slice of transactions only needs to hash the signatures
+    let mut hasher = Hasher::default();
+    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
+        if !tx.signatures.is_empty() {
+            hasher.hash(&tx.signatures[0].as_ref());
+        }
+    });
+    hasher.result()
+}
+
 /// Creates the hash `num_hashes` after `start_hash`. If the transaction contains
 /// a signature, the final hash will be a hash of both the previous ID and
 /// the signature.  If num_hashes is zero and there's no transaction data,
@@ -220,7 +184,7 @@ fn next_hash(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64, transactions: &[Transaction]) -
     if transactions.is_empty() {
         poh.tick().hash
     } else {
-        poh.record(Transaction::hash(transactions)).hash
+        poh.record(hash_transactions(transactions)).hash
     }
 }
 
@@ -233,15 +197,14 @@ where
     let mut num_ticks = 0;
 
     for blob in blobs.into_iter() {
-        let entry: Entry = {
+        let new_entries: Vec<Entry> = {
             let msg_size = blob.borrow().size();
             deserialize(&blob.borrow().data()[..msg_size])?
         };
 
-        if entry.is_tick() {
-            num_ticks += 1
-        }
-        entries.push(entry)
+        let num_new_ticks: u64 = new_entries.iter().map(|entry| entry.is_tick() as u64).sum();
+        num_ticks += num_new_ticks;
+        entries.extend(new_entries)
     }
     Ok((entries, num_ticks))
 }
@@ -252,7 +215,8 @@ pub trait EntrySlice {
     fn verify(&self, start_hash: &Hash) -> bool;
     fn to_shared_blobs(&self) -> Vec<SharedBlob>;
     fn to_blobs(&self) -> Vec<Blob>;
-    fn votes(&self) -> Vec<(Pubkey, Vote, Hash)>;
+    fn to_single_entry_blobs(&self) -> Vec<Blob>;
+    fn to_single_entry_shared_blobs(&self) -> Vec<SharedBlob>;
 }
 
 impl EntrySlice for [Entry] {
@@ -278,23 +242,31 @@ impl EntrySlice for [Entry] {
     }
 
     fn to_blobs(&self) -> Vec<Blob> {
-        self.iter().map(|entry| entry.to_blob()).collect()
+        split_serializable_chunks(
+            &self,
+            BLOB_DATA_SIZE as u64,
+            &|s| bincode::serialized_size(&s).unwrap(),
+            &mut |entries: &[Entry]| Blob::from_serializable(entries),
+        )
     }
 
     fn to_shared_blobs(&self) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
-        self.iter().map(|entry| entry.to_shared_blob()).collect()
+        self.to_blobs()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|b| Arc::new(RwLock::new(b)))
+            .collect()
     }
 
-    fn votes(&self) -> Vec<(Pubkey, Vote, Hash)> {
-        self.iter()
-            .flat_map(|entry| {
-                entry
-                    .transactions
-                    .iter()
-                    .flat_map(VoteTransaction::get_votes)
-            })
+    fn to_single_entry_shared_blobs(&self) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
+        self.to_single_entry_blobs()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|b| Arc::new(RwLock::new(b)))
             .collect()
     }
+
+    fn to_single_entry_blobs(&self) -> Vec<Blob> {
+        self.iter().map(Entry::to_blob).collect()
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn next_entry_mut(start: &mut Hash, num_hashes: u64, transactions: Vec<Transaction>) -> Entry {
@@ -303,6 +275,67 @@ pub fn next_entry_mut(start: &mut Hash, num_hashes: u64, transactions: Vec<Trans
     entry
 }
 
+pub fn num_will_fit<T, F>(serializables: &[T], max_size: u64, serialized_size: &F) -> usize
+where
+    F: Fn(&[T]) -> u64,
+{
+    if serializables.is_empty() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    let mut num = serializables.len();
+    let mut upper = serializables.len();
+    let mut lower = 1; // if one won't fit, we have a lot of TODOs
+    let mut next = serializables.len(); // optimistic
+    loop {
+        debug!(
+            "num {}, upper {} lower {} next {} serializables.len() {}",
+            num,
+            upper,
+            lower,
+            next,
+            serializables.len()
+        );
+        if serialized_size(&serializables[..num]) <= max_size {
+            next = (upper + num) / 2;
+            lower = num;
+            debug!("num {} fits, maybe too well? trying {}", num, next);
+        } else {
+            next = (lower + num) / 2;
+            upper = num;
+            debug!("num {} doesn't fit! trying {}", num, next);
+        }
+        // same as last time
+        if next == num {
+            debug!("converged on num {}", num);
+            break;
+        }
+        num = next;
+    }
+    num
+}
+
+pub fn split_serializable_chunks<T, R, F1, F2>(
+    serializables: &[T],
+    max_size: u64,
+    serialized_size: &F1,
+    converter: &mut F2,
+) -> Vec<R>
+where
+    F1: Fn(&[T]) -> u64,
+    F2: FnMut(&[T]) -> R,
+{
+    let mut result = vec![];
+    let mut chunk_start = 0;
+    while chunk_start < serializables.len() {
+        let chunk_end =
+            chunk_start + num_will_fit(&serializables[chunk_start..], max_size, serialized_size);
+        result.push(converter(&serializables[chunk_start..chunk_end]));
+        chunk_start = chunk_end;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
 /// Creates the next entries for given transactions, outputs
 /// updates start_hash to hash of last Entry, sets num_hashes to 0
 pub fn next_entries_mut(
@@ -310,61 +343,12 @@ pub fn next_entries_mut(
     num_hashes: &mut u64,
     transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
 ) -> Vec<Entry> {
-    // TODO: ?? find a number that works better than |?
-    //                                               V
-    if transactions.is_empty() || transactions.len() == 1 {
-        vec![Entry::new_mut(start_hash, num_hashes, transactions)]
-    } else {
-        let mut chunk_start = 0;
-        let mut entries = Vec::new();
-
-        while chunk_start < transactions.len() {
-            let mut chunk_end = transactions.len();
-            let mut upper = chunk_end;
-            let mut lower = chunk_start;
-            let mut next = chunk_end; // be optimistic that all will fit
-
-            // binary search for how many transactions will fit in an Entry (i.e. a BLOB)
-            loop {
-                debug!(
-                    "chunk_end {}, upper {} lower {} next {} transactions.len() {}",
-                    chunk_end,
-                    upper,
-                    lower,
-                    next,
-                    transactions.len()
-                );
-                if Entry::serialized_size(&transactions[chunk_start..chunk_end])
-                    <= BLOB_DATA_SIZE as u64
-                {
-                    next = (upper + chunk_end) / 2;
-                    lower = chunk_end;
-                    debug!(
-                        "chunk_end {} fits, maybe too well? trying {}",
-                        chunk_end, next
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    next = (lower + chunk_end) / 2;
-                    upper = chunk_end;
-                    debug!("chunk_end {} doesn't fit! trying {}", chunk_end, next);
-                }
-                // same as last time
-                if next == chunk_end {
-                    debug!("converged on chunk_end {}", chunk_end);
-                    break;
-                }
-                chunk_end = next;
-            }
-            entries.push(Entry::new_mut(
-                start_hash,
-                num_hashes,
-                transactions[chunk_start..chunk_end].to_vec(),
-            ));
-            chunk_start = chunk_end;
-        }
-
-        entries
-    }
+    split_serializable_chunks(
+        &transactions[..],
+        BLOB_DATA_SIZE as u64,
+        &Entry::serialized_size,
+        &mut |txs: &[Transaction]| Entry::new_mut(start_hash, num_hashes, txs.to_vec()),
+    )
 }
 
 /// Creates the next Entries for given transactions
@@ -390,22 +374,15 @@ pub fn create_ticks(num_ticks: u64, mut hash: Hash) -> Vec<Entry> {
 
 pub fn make_tiny_test_entries_from_hash(start: &Hash, num: usize) -> Vec<Entry> {
     let keypair = Keypair::new();
+    let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
 
     let mut hash = *start;
     let mut num_hashes = 0;
     (0..num)
         .map(|_| {
-            Entry::new_mut(
-                &mut hash,
-                &mut num_hashes,
-                vec![BudgetTransaction::new_timestamp(
-                    &keypair,
-                    &keypair.pubkey(),
-                    &keypair.pubkey(),
-                    Utc::now(),
-                    *start,
-                )],
-            )
+            let ix = budget_instruction::apply_timestamp(&pubkey, &pubkey, &pubkey, Utc::now());
+            let tx = Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[&keypair], vec![ix], *start);
+            Entry::new_mut(&mut hash, &mut num_hashes, vec![tx])
         })
         .collect()
 }
@@ -420,16 +397,12 @@ pub fn make_large_test_entries(num_entries: usize) -> Vec<Entry> {
     let zero = Hash::default();
     let one = solana_sdk::hash::hash(&zero.as_ref());
     let keypair = Keypair::new();
+    let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
 
-    let tx = BudgetTransaction::new_timestamp(
-        &keypair,
-        &keypair.pubkey(),
-        &keypair.pubkey(),
-        Utc::now(),
-        one,
-    );
+    let ix = budget_instruction::apply_timestamp(&pubkey, &pubkey, &pubkey, Utc::now());
+    let tx = Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[&keypair], vec![ix], one);
 
-    let serialized_size = tx.serialized_size().unwrap();
+    let serialized_size = serialized_size(&tx).unwrap();
     let num_txs = BLOB_DATA_SIZE / serialized_size as usize;
     let txs = vec![tx; num_txs];
     let entry = next_entries(&one, 1, txs)[0].clone();
@@ -438,7 +411,7 @@ pub fn make_large_test_entries(num_entries: usize) -> Vec<Entry> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub fn make_consecutive_blobs(
-    id: &Pubkey,
+    id: &solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey,
     num_blobs_to_make: u64,
     start_height: u64,
     start_hash: Hash,
@@ -446,7 +419,7 @@ pub fn make_consecutive_blobs(
 ) -> Vec<SharedBlob> {
     let entries = create_ticks(num_blobs_to_make, start_hash);
 
-    let blobs = entries.to_shared_blobs();
+    let blobs = entries.to_single_entry_shared_blobs();
     let mut index = start_height;
     for blob in &blobs {
         let mut blob = blob.write().unwrap();
@@ -477,9 +450,35 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::packet::{to_blobs, BLOB_DATA_SIZE, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
     use solana_sdk::hash::hash;
     use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
-    use solana_sdk::system_transaction::SystemTransaction;
+    use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
+    use solana_vote_api::vote_instruction;
+    use solana_vote_api::vote_state::Vote;
     use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
 
+    fn create_sample_payment(keypair: &Keypair, hash: Hash) -> Transaction {
+        let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
+        let ixs = budget_instruction::payment(&pubkey, &pubkey, 1);
+        Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[keypair], ixs, hash)
+    }
+
+    fn create_sample_timestamp(keypair: &Keypair, hash: Hash) -> Transaction {
+        let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
+        let ix = budget_instruction::apply_timestamp(&pubkey, &pubkey, &pubkey, Utc::now());
+        Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[keypair], vec![ix], hash)
+    }
+
+    fn create_sample_signature(keypair: &Keypair, hash: Hash) -> Transaction {
+        let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
+        let ix = budget_instruction::apply_signature(&pubkey, &pubkey, &pubkey);
+        Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[keypair], vec![ix], hash)
+    }
+
+    fn create_sample_vote(keypair: &Keypair, hash: Hash) -> Transaction {
+        let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
+        let ix = vote_instruction::vote(&pubkey, vec![Vote::new(1)]);
+        Transaction::new_signed_instructions(&[keypair], vec![ix], hash)
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_entry_verify() {
         let zero = Hash::default();
@@ -496,8 +495,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         // First, verify entries
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let tx0 = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
-        let tx1 = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, zero, 0);
+        let tx0 = system_transaction::create_user_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
+        let tx1 = system_transaction::create_user_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, zero, 0);
         let mut e0 = Entry::new(&zero, 0, vec![tx0.clone(), tx1.clone()]);
         assert!(e0.verify(&zero));
 
@@ -513,15 +512,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         // First, verify entries
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let tx0 = BudgetTransaction::new_timestamp(
-            &keypair,
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            Utc::now(),
-            zero,
-        );
-        let tx1 =
-            BudgetTransaction::new_signature(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), &keypair.pubkey(), zero);
+        let tx0 = create_sample_timestamp(&keypair, zero);
+        let tx1 = create_sample_signature(&keypair, zero);
         let mut e0 = Entry::new(&zero, 0, vec![tx0.clone(), tx1.clone()]);
         assert!(e0.verify(&zero));
 
@@ -543,13 +535,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(tick.hash, zero);
 
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let tx0 = BudgetTransaction::new_timestamp(
-            &keypair,
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            Utc::now(),
-            zero,
-        );
+        let tx0 = create_sample_timestamp(&keypair, zero);
         let entry0 = next_entry(&zero, 1, vec![tx0.clone()]);
         assert_eq!(entry0.num_hashes, 1);
         assert_eq!(entry0.hash, next_hash(&zero, 1, &vec![tx0]));
@@ -560,7 +546,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_next_entry_panic() {
         let zero = Hash::default();
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
         next_entry(&zero, 0, vec![tx]);
     }
 
@@ -568,7 +554,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_serialized_size() {
         let zero = Hash::default();
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
-        let tx = SystemTransaction::new_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
+        let tx = system_transaction::create_user_account(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero, 0);
         let entry = next_entry(&zero, 1, vec![tx.clone()]);
         assert_eq!(
             Entry::serialized_size(&[tx]),
@@ -596,14 +582,8 @@ mod tests {
         let one = hash(&zero.as_ref());
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
         let vote_account = Keypair::new();
-        let tx0 = VoteTransaction::new_vote(&vote_account.pubkey(), &vote_account, 1, one, 1);
-        let tx1 = BudgetTransaction::new_timestamp(
-            &keypair,
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            &keypair.pubkey(),
-            Utc::now(),
-            one,
-        );
+        let tx0 = create_sample_vote(&vote_account, one);
+        let tx1 = create_sample_timestamp(&keypair, one);
         //
         // TODO: this magic number and the mix of transaction types
         //       is designed to fill up a Blob more or less exactly,
@@ -620,7 +600,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_entries_to_shared_blobs() {
+    fn test_entries_to_blobs() {
         solana_logger::setup();
         let entries = make_test_entries();
 
@@ -629,6 +609,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(blob_q).unwrap().0, entries);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_multiple_entries_to_blobs() {
+        solana_logger::setup();
+        let num_blobs = 10;
+        let serialized_size =
+            bincode::serialized_size(&make_tiny_test_entries_from_hash(&Hash::default(), 1))
+                .unwrap();
+
+        let num_entries = (num_blobs * BLOB_DATA_SIZE as u64) / serialized_size;
+        let entries = make_tiny_test_entries_from_hash(&Hash::default(), num_entries as usize);
+
+        let blob_q = entries.to_blobs();
+
+        assert_eq!(blob_q.len() as u64, num_blobs);
+        assert_eq!(reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(blob_q).unwrap().0, entries);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_bad_blobs_attack() {
         solana_logger::setup();
@@ -644,12 +641,11 @@ mod tests {
         let next_hash = solana_sdk::hash::hash(&hash.as_ref());
         let keypair = Keypair::new();
         let vote_account = Keypair::new();
-        let tx_small =
-            VoteTransaction::new_vote(&vote_account.pubkey(), &vote_account, 1, next_hash, 2);
-        let tx_large = BudgetTransaction::new_payment(&keypair, &keypair.pubkey(), 1, next_hash, 0);
+        let tx_small = create_sample_vote(&vote_account, next_hash);
+        let tx_large = create_sample_payment(&keypair, next_hash);
 
-        let tx_small_size = tx_small.serialized_size().unwrap() as usize;
-        let tx_large_size = tx_large.serialized_size().unwrap() as usize;
+        let tx_small_size = serialized_size(&tx_small).unwrap() as usize;
+        let tx_large_size = serialized_size(&tx_large).unwrap() as usize;
         let entry_size = serialized_size(&Entry {
             num_hashes: 0,
             hash: Hash::default(),
@@ -685,4 +681,40 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(entries0.verify(&hash));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_num_will_fit_empty() {
+        let serializables: Vec<u32> = vec![];
+        let result = num_will_fit(&serializables[..], 8, &|_| 4);
+        assert_eq!(result, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_num_fit() {
+        let serializables_vec: Vec<u8> = (0..10).map(|_| 1).collect();
+        let serializables = &serializables_vec[..];
+        let sum = |i: &[u8]| (0..i.len()).into_iter().sum::<usize>() as u64;
+        // sum[0] is = 0, but sum[0..1] > 0, so result contains 1 item
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 0, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 1);
+
+        // sum[0..3] is <= 8, but sum[0..4] > 8, so result contains 3 items
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 8, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 4);
+
+        // sum[0..1] is = 1, but sum[0..2] > 0, so result contains 2 items
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 1, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 2);
+
+        // sum[0..9] = 45, so contains all items
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 45, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 10);
+
+        // sum[0..8] <= 44, but sum[0..9] = 45, so contains all but last item
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 44, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 9);
+
+        // sum[0..9] <= 46, but contains all items
+        let result = num_will_fit(serializables, 46, &sum);
+        assert_eq!(result, 10);
+    }
 }