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Exchange doc reformat pt2 (#10355 )

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Add Solana to Your Exchange

This guide describes how to add Solana's native token SOL to your cryptocurrency exchange.

Node Setup

We highly recommend setting up at least two of your own Solana api nodes to give you a trusted entrypoint to the network, allow you full control over how much data is retained, and ensure you do not miss any data if one node fails.

To run an api node:

Install the Solana command-line tool suite
Boot the node with at least the following parameters:

solana-validator \
  --ledger <LEDGER_PATH> \
  --entrypoint <CLUSTER_ENTRYPOINT> \
  --expected-genesis-hash <EXPECTED_GENESIS_HASH> \
  --expected-shred-version <EXPECTED_SHRED_VERSION> \
  --rpc-port 8899 \
  --no-voting \
  --enable-rpc-transaction-history \
  --limit-ledger-size <SHRED_COUNT> \
  --trusted-validator <VALIDATOR_ADDRESS> \
  --no-untrusted-rpc

Customize --ledger to your desired ledger storage location, and --rpc-port to the port you want to expose.

The --entrypoint, --expected-genesis-hash, and --expected-shred-version parameters are all specific to the cluster you are joining. The shred version will change on any hard forks in the cluster, so including --expected-shred-version ensures you are receiving current data from the cluster you expect. Current parameters for Mainnet Beta

The --limit-ledger-size parameter allows you to specify how many ledger shreds your node retains on disk. If you do not include this parameter, the ledger will keep the entire ledger until it runs out of disk space. A larger value like --limit-ledger-size 250000000000 is good for a couple days

Specifying one or more --trusted-validator parameters can protect you from booting from a malicious snapshot. More on the value of booting with trusted validators

Optional parameters to consider:

--private-rpc prevents your RPC port from being published for use by other nodes
--rpc-bind-address allows you to specify a different IP address to bind the RPC port

Automatic Restarts

We recommend configuring each of your nodes to restart automatically on exit, to ensure you miss as little data as possible. Running the solana software as a systemd service is one great option.

Ledger Continuity

By default, each of your nodes will boot from a snapshot provided by one of your trusted validators. This snapshot reflects the current state of the chain, but does not contain the complete historical ledger. If one of your node exits and boots from a new snapshot, there may be a gap in the ledger on that node. In order to prevent this issue, add the --no-snapshot-fetch parameter to your solana-validator command to receive historical ledger data instead of a snapshot.

If you pass the --no-snapshot-fetch parameter on your initial boot, it will take your node a very long time to catch up. We recommend booting from a snapshot first, and then using the --no-snapshot-fetch parameter for reboots.

It is important to note that the amount of historical ledger available to your nodes is limited to what your trusted validators retain. You will need to ensure your nodes do not experience downtimes longer than this span, if ledger continuity is crucial for you.

Setting up Deposit Accounts

Solana accounts do not require any on-chain initialization; once they contain some SOL, they exist. To set up a deposit account for your exchange, simply generate a Solana keypair using any of our wallet tools.

We recommend using a unique deposit account for each of your users.

Solana accounts are charged rent on creation and once per epoch, but they can be made rent-exempt if they contain 2-years worth of rent in SOL. In order to find the minimum rent-exempt balance for your deposit accounts, query the getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption endpoint:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,"method":"getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption","params":[0]}' localhost:8899

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":890880,"id":1}

Offline Accounts

You may wish to keep the keys for one or more collection accounts offline for greater security. If so, you will need to move SOL to hot accounts using our offline methods.

Listening for Deposits

When a user wants to deposit SOL into your exchange, instruct them to send a transfer to the appropriate deposit address.

Poll for Blocks

The easiest way to track all the deposit accounts for your exchange is to poll for each confirmed block and inspect for addresses of interest, using the JSON-RPC service of your Solana api node.

To identify which blocks are available, send a getConfirmedBlocks request, passing the last block you have already processed as the start-slot parameter:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[5]}' localhost:8899

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[5,6,8,9,11],"id":1}

Not every slot produces a block, so there may be gaps in the sequence of integers.

For each block, request its contents with a getConfirmedBlock request:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlock","params":[5, "json"]}' localhost:8899

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "blockhash": "2WcrsKSVANoe6xQHKtCcqNdUpCQPQ3vb6QTgi1dcE2oL",
    "parentSlot": 4,
    "previousBlockhash": "7ZDoGW83nXgP14vnn9XhGSaGjbuLdLWkQAoUQ7pg6qDZ",
    "rewards": [],
    "transactions": [
      {
        "meta": {
          "err": null,
          "fee": 5000,
          "postBalances": [
            2033973061360,
            218099990000,
            42000000003
          ],
          "preBalances": [
            2044973066360,
            207099990000,
            42000000003
          ],
          "status": {
            "Ok": null
          }
        },
        "transaction": {
          "message": {
            "accountKeys": [
              "Bbqg1M4YVVfbhEzwA9SpC9FhsaG83YMTYoR4a8oTDLX",
              "47Sbuv6jL7CViK9F2NMW51aQGhfdpUu7WNvKyH645Rfi",
              "11111111111111111111111111111111"
            ],
            "header": {
              "numReadonlySignedAccounts": 0,
              "numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts": 1,
              "numRequiredSignatures": 1
            },
            "instructions": [
              {
                "accounts": [
                  0,
                  1
                ],
                "data": "3Bxs3zyH82bhpB8j",
                "programIdIndex": 2
              }
            ],
            "recentBlockhash": "7GytRgrWXncJWKhzovVoP9kjfLwoiuDb3cWjpXGnmxWh"
          },
          "signatures": [
            "dhjhJp2V2ybQGVfELWM1aZy98guVVsxRCB5KhNiXFjCBMK5KEyzV8smhkVvs3xwkAug31KnpzJpiNPtcD5bG1t6"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "id": 1
}

The preBalances and postBalances fields allow you to track the balance changes in every account without having to parse the entire transaction. They list the starting and ending balances of each account in lamports, indexed to the accountKeys list. For example, if the deposit address if interest is 47Sbuv6jL7CViK9F2NMW51aQGhfdpUu7WNvKyH645Rfi, this transaction represents a transfer of 218099990000 - 207099990000 = 11000000000 lamports = 11 SOL

If you need more information about the transaction type or other specifics, you can request the block from RPC in binary format, and parse it using either our Rust SDK or Javascript SDK.

Address History

You can also query the transaction history of a specific address.

Send a getConfirmedSignaturesForAddress request to the api node, specifying a range of recent slots:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedSignaturesForAddress","params":["6H94zdiaYfRfPfKjYLjyr2VFBg6JHXygy84r3qhc3NsC", 0, 10]}' localhost:8899

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": [
    "35YGay1Lwjwgxe9zaH6APSHbt9gYQUCtBWTNL3aVwVGn9xTFw2fgds7qK5AL29mP63A9j3rh8KpN1TgSR62XCaby",
    "4bJdGN8Tt2kLWZ3Fa1dpwPSEkXWWTSszPSf1rRVsCwNjxbbUdwTeiWtmi8soA26YmwnKD4aAxNp8ci1Gjpdv4gsr",
    "dhjhJp2V2ybQGVfELWM1aZy98guVVsxRCB5KhNiXFjCBMK5KEyzV8smhkVvs3xwkAug31KnpzJpiNPtcD5bG1t6"
  ],
  "id": 1
}

For each signature returned, get the transaction details by sending a getConfirmedTransaction request:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedTransaction","params":["dhjhJp2V2ybQGVfELWM1aZy98guVVsxRCB5KhNiXFjCBMK5KEyzV8smhkVvs3xwkAug31KnpzJpiNPtcD5bG1t6", "json"]}' localhost:8899

// Result
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "slot": 5,
    "transaction": {
      "message": {
        "accountKeys": [
          "Bbqg1M4YVVfbhEzwA9SpC9FhsaG83YMTYoR4a8oTDLX",
          "47Sbuv6jL7CViK9F2NMW51aQGhfdpUu7WNvKyH645Rfi",
          "11111111111111111111111111111111"
        ],
        "header": {
          "numReadonlySignedAccounts": 0,
          "numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts": 1,
          "numRequiredSignatures": 1
        },
        "instructions": [
          {
            "accounts": [
              0,
              1
            ],
            "data": "3Bxs3zyH82bhpB8j",
            "programIdIndex": 2
          }
        ],
        "recentBlockhash": "7GytRgrWXncJWKhzovVoP9kjfLwoiuDb3cWjpXGnmxWh"
      },
      "signatures": [
        "dhjhJp2V2ybQGVfELWM1aZy98guVVsxRCB5KhNiXFjCBMK5KEyzV8smhkVvs3xwkAug31KnpzJpiNPtcD5bG1t6"
      ]
    },
    "meta": {
      "err": null,
      "fee": 5000,
      "postBalances": [
        2033973061360,
        218099990000,
        42000000003
      ],
      "preBalances": [
        2044973066360,
        207099990000,
        42000000003
      ],
      "status": {
        "Ok": null
      }
    }
  },
  "id": 1
}

Sending Withdrawals

To accommodate a user's request to withdraw SOL, you must generate a Solana transfer transaction, and send it to the api node to be forwarded to your cluster.

Synchronous

Sending a synchronous transfer to the Solana cluster allows you to easily ensure that a transfer is successful and finalized by the cluster.

Solana's command-line tool offers a simple command, solana transfer, to generate, submit, and confirm transfer transactions. By default, this method will wait and track progress on stderr until the transaction has been finalized by the cluster. If the transaction fails, it will report any transaction errors.

solana transfer <USER_ADDRESS> <AMOUNT> --keypair <KEYPAIR> --url http://localhost:8899

The Solana Javascript SDK offers a similar approach for the JS ecosystem. Use the SystemProgram to build a transfer transaction, and submit it using the sendAndConfirmTransaction method.

Asynchronous

For greater flexibility, you can submit withdrawal transfers asynchronously. In these cases, it is your responsibility to verify that the transaction succeeded and was finalized by the cluster.

Note: Each transaction contains a recent blockhash to indicate its liveness. It is critical to wait until this blockhash expires before retrying a withdrawal transfer that does not appear to have been confirmed or finalized by the cluster. Otherwise, you risk a double spend. See more on blockhash expiration below.

First, get a recent blockhash using the getFees endpoint or the CLI command:

solana fees --url http://localhost:8899

In the command-line tool, pass the --no-wait argument to send a transfer asynchronously, and include your recent blockhash with the --blockhash argument:

solana transfer <USER_ADDRESS> <AMOUNT> --no-wait --blockhash <RECENT_BLOCKHASH> --keypair <KEYPAIR> --url http://localhost:8899

You can also build, sign, and serialize the transaction manually, and fire it off to the cluster using the JSON-RPC sendTransaction endpoint.

Transaction Confirmations & Finality

Get the status of a batch of transactions using the getSignatureStatuses JSON-RPC endpoint. The confirmations field reports how many confirmed blocks have elapsed since the transaction was processed. If confirmations: null, it is finalized.

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getSignatureStatuses", "params":[["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW", "5j7s6NiJS3JAkvgkoc18WVAsiSaci2pxB2A6ueCJP4tprA2TFg9wSyTLeYouxPBJEMzJinENTkpA52YStRW5Dia7"]]}' http://localhost:8899

{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": {
    "context": {
      "slot": 82
    },
    "value": [
      {
        "slot": 72,
        "confirmations": 10,
        "err": null,
        "status": {
          "Ok": null
        }
      },
      {
        "slot": 48,
        "confirmations": null,
        "err": null,
        "status": {
          "Ok": null
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "id": 1
}

Blockhash Expiration

When you request a recent blockhash for your withdrawal transaction using the getFees endpoint or solana fees, the response will include the lastValidSlot, the last slot in which the blockhash will be valid. You can check the cluster slot with a getSlot query; once the cluster slot is greater than lastValidSlot, the withdrawal transaction using that blockhash should never succeed.

You can also doublecheck whether a particular blockhash is still valid by sending a getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash request with the blockhash as a parameter. If the response value is null, the blockhash is expired, and the withdrawal transaction should never succeed.

Testing the Integration

Be sure to test your complete workflow on Solana devnet and testnet clusters before moving to production on mainnet-beta. Devnet is the most open and flexible, and ideal for initial development, while testnet offers more realistic cluster configuration. Devnet features a token faucet, but you will need to request some testnet SOL to get going on testnet.

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