solana/docs/src/running-validator/validator-start.md

# Starting a Validator

## Configure Solana CLI

The solana cli includes `get` and `set` configuration commands to automatically
set the `--url` argument for cli commands. For example:

```bash
solana config set --url http://devnet.solana.com
```

While this section demonstrates how to connect to the Devnet cluster, the steps
are similar for the other [Solana Clusters](../clusters.md).

## Confirm The Cluster Is Reachable

Before attaching a validator node, sanity check that the cluster is accessible
to your machine by fetching the transaction count:

```bash
solana transaction-count
```

View the [metrics dashboard](https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/monitor/cluster-telemetry) for more
detail on cluster activity.

## Confirm your Installation

Try running following command to join the gossip network and view all the other
nodes in the cluster:

```bash
solana-gossip spy --entrypoint devnet.solana.com:8001
# Press ^C to exit
```

## Enabling CUDA

If your machine has a GPU with CUDA installed \(Linux-only currently\), include
the `--cuda` argument to `solana-validator`.

When your validator is started look for the following log message to indicate
that CUDA is enabled: `"[<timestamp> solana::validator] CUDA is enabled"`

## System Tuning

For Linux validators, the solana repo includes a daemon to adjust system settings to optimize
performance (namely by increasing the OS UDP buffer limits, and scheduling PoH with realtime policy).

The daemon (`solana-sys-tuner`) is included in the solana binary release.

To run it:

```bash
sudo solana-sys-tuner --user $(whoami) > sys-tuner.log 2>&1 &
```

## Generate identity

Create an identity keypair for your validator by running:

```bash
solana-keygen new -o ~/validator-keypair.json
```

The identity public key can now be viewed by running:

```bash
solana-keygen pubkey ~/validator-keypair.json
```

> Note: The "validator-keypair.json” file is also your \(ed25519\) private key.

### Paper Wallet identity

You can create a paper wallet for your identity file instead of writing the
keypair file to disk with:

```bash
solana-keygen new --no-outfile
```

The corresponding identity public key can now be viewed by running:

```bash
solana-keygen pubkey ASK
```
and then entering your seed phrase.

See [Paper Wallet Usage](../paper-wallet/paper-wallet-usage.md) for more info.

-------

### Vanity Keypair

You can generate a custom vanity keypair using solana-keygen. For instance:

```bash
solana-keygen grind --starts-with e1v1s
```

Depending on the string requested, it may take days to find a match...

------

Your validator identity keypair uniquely identifies your validator within the
network. **It is crucial to back-up this information.**

If you don’t back up this information, you WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RECOVER YOUR
VALIDATOR if you lose access to it. If this happens, YOU WILL LOSE YOUR
ALLOCATION OF SOL TOO.

To back-up your validator identify keypair, **back-up your
"validator-keypair.json” file or your seed phrase to a secure location.**

## More Solana CLI Configuration

Now that you have a keypair, set the solana configuration to use your validator
keypair for all following commands:

```bash
solana config set --keypair ~/validator-keypair.json
```

You should see the following output:

```text
Wallet Config Updated: /home/solana/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml
* url: http://devnet.solana.com
* keypair: /home/solana/validator-keypair.json
```

## Airdrop & Check Validator Balance

Airdrop yourself some SOL to get started:

```bash
solana airdrop 10
```
Note that airdrops are only available on Devnet. Testnet SOL can be obtained by
participating in the [Tour de SOL](../tour-de-sol/README.md) program.

To view your current balance:

```text
solana balance
```

Or to see in finer detail:

```text
solana balance --lamports
```

Read more about the [difference between SOL and lamports here](../introduction.md#what-are-sols).

## Create Vote Account

If you haven’t already done so, create a vote-account keypair and create the
vote account on the network. If you have completed this step, you should see the
“vote-account-keypair.json” in your Solana runtime directory:

```bash
solana-keygen new -o ~/vote-account-keypair.json
```

Create your vote account on the blockchain:

```bash
solana create-vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json ~/validator-keypair.json
```

## Trusted validators

If you know and trust other validator nodes, you can specify this on the command line with the `--trusted-validator <PUBKEY>`
argument to `solana-validator`. You can specify multiple ones by repeating the argument `--trusted-validator <PUBKEY1> --trusted-validator <PUBKEY2>`.
This has two effects, one is when the validator is booting with `--no-untrusted-rpc`, it will only ask that set of
trusted nodes for downloading genesis and snapshot data. Another is that in combination with the `--halt-on-trusted-validator-hash-mismatch` option,
it will monitor the merkle root hash of the entire accounts state of other trusted nodes on gossip and if the hashes produce any mismatch,
the validator will halt the node to prevent the validator from voting or processing potentially incorrect state values. At the moment, the slot that
the validator publishes the hash on is tied to the snapshot interval. For the feature to be effective, all validators in the trusted
set should be set to the same snapshot interval value or multiples of the same.

It is highly recommended you use these options to prevent malicious snapshot state download or
account state divergence.

## Connect Your Validator

Connect to the cluster by running:

```bash
solana-validator \
  --identity ~/validator-keypair.json \
  --vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json \
  --ledger ~/validator-ledger \
  --rpc-port 8899 \
  --entrypoint devnet.solana.com:8001 \
  --limit-ledger-size
  --log ~/solana-validator.log
```

Lastly, to configure log rotation, please run the following:

```bash
# Setup log rotation

cat > logrotate.sol <<EOF
~/solana-validator.log {
  rotate 7
  daily
  missingok
  postrotate
    systemctl kill -s USR1 sol.service
  endscript
}
EOF
sudo cp logrotate.sol /etc/logrotate.d/sol
systemctl restart logrotate.service
```

To force validator logging to the console add a `--log -` argument, otherwise
the validator will automatically log to a file.

> Note: You can use a
[paper wallet seed phrase](../paper-wallet/paper-wallet-usage.md)
for your `--identity` and/or
`--vote-account` keypairs.  To use these, pass the respective argument as
`solana-validator --identity ASK ... --vote-account ASK ...` and you will be
prompted to enter your seed phrases and optional passphrase.

Confirm your validator connected to the network by opening a new terminal and
running:

```bash
solana-gossip spy --entrypoint devnet.solana.com:8001
```

If your validator is connected, its public key and IP address will appear in the list.

### Controlling local network port allocation

By default the validator will dynamically select available network ports in the
8000-10000 range, and may be overridden with `--dynamic-port-range`. For
example, `solana-validator --dynamic-port-range 11000-11010 ...` will restrict
the validator to ports 11000-11010.

### Limiting ledger size to conserve disk space

The `--limit-ledger-size` argument will instruct the validator to only retain the
last couple hours of ledger. To retain the full ledger, simply remove that arg.