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solana/docs/src/clusters.md
Jack May 3d5e778d5d
Flesh out development docs (#13318) 
* flesh out development docs

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Solana Clusters

Solana maintains several different clusters with different purposes.

Before you begin make sure you have first installed the Solana command line tools

Explorers:

Devnet

  • Devnet serves as a playground for anyone who wants to take Solana for a test drive, as a user, token holder, app developer, or validator.
  • Application developers should target Devnet.
  • Potential validators should first target Devnet.
  • Key differences between Devnet and Mainnet Beta:
    • Devnet tokens are not real
    • Devnet includes a token faucet for airdrops for application testing
    • Devnet may be subject to ledger resets
    • Devnet typically runs a newer software version than Mainnet Beta
  • Gossip entrypoint for Devnet: entrypoint.devnet.solana.com:8001
  • Metrics environment variable for Devnet:
export SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG="host=https://metrics.solana.com:8086,db=devnet,u=scratch_writer,p=topsecret"
  • RPC URL for Devnet: https://devnet.solana.com
Example solana command-line configuration
solana config set --url https://devnet.solana.com
Example solana-validator command-line
$ solana-validator \
    --identity ~/validator-keypair.json \
    --vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json \
    --trusted-validator dv1LfzJvDF7S1fBKpFgKoKXK5yoSosmkAdfbxBo1GqJ \
    --no-untrusted-rpc \
    --ledger ~/validator-ledger \
    --rpc-port 8899 \
    --dynamic-port-range 8000-8010 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint.devnet.solana.com:8001 \
    --expected-genesis-hash EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1wcaWoxPkrZBG \
    --wal-recovery-mode skip_any_corrupted_record \
    --limit-ledger-size

The --trusted-validators is operated by Solana

Testnet

  • Testnet is where we stress test recent release features on a live cluster, particularly focused on network performance, stability and validator behavior.
  • Tour de SOL initiative runs on Testnet, where we encourage malicious behavior and attacks on the network to help us find and squash bugs or network vulnerabilities.
  • Testnet tokens are not real
  • Testnet may be subject to ledger resets.
  • Testnet includes a token faucet for airdrops for application testing
  • Testnet typically runs a newer software release than both Devnet and Mainnet Beta
  • Gossip entrypoint for Testnet: entrypoint.testnet.solana.com:8001
  • Metrics environment variable for Testnet:
export SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG="host=https://metrics.solana.com:8086,db=tds,u=testnet_write,p=c4fa841aa918bf8274e3e2a44d77568d9861b3ea"
  • RPC URL for Testnet: https://testnet.solana.com
Example solana command-line configuration
solana config set --url https://testnet.solana.com
Example solana-validator command-line
$ solana-validator \
    --identity ~/validator-keypair.json \
    --vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json \
    --trusted-validator 5D1fNXzvv5NjV1ysLjirC4WY92RNsVH18vjmcszZd8on \
    --trusted-validator ta1Uvfb7W5BRPrdGnhP9RmeCGKzBySGM1hTE4rBRy6T \
    --trusted-validator Ft5fbkqNa76vnsjYNwjDZUXoTWpP7VYm3mtsaQckQADN \
    --trusted-validator 9QxCLckBiJc783jnMvXZubK4wH86Eqqvashtrwvcsgkv \
    --no-untrusted-rpc \
    --ledger ~/validator-ledger \
    --rpc-port 8899 \
    --dynamic-port-range 8000-8010 \
    --entrypoint entrypoint.testnet.solana.com:8001 \
    --expected-genesis-hash 4uhcVJyU9pJkvQyS88uRDiswHXSCkY3zQawwpjk2NsNY \
    --wal-recovery-mode skip_any_corrupted_record \
    --limit-ledger-size

The identity of the --trusted-validators are:

  • 5D1fNXzvv5NjV1ysLjirC4WY92RNsVH18vjmcszZd8on - testnet.solana.com (Solana)
  • ta1Uvfb7W5BRPrdGnhP9RmeCGKzBySGM1hTE4rBRy6T - Break RPC node (Solana)
  • Ft5fbkqNa76vnsjYNwjDZUXoTWpP7VYm3mtsaQckQADN - Certus One
  • 9QxCLckBiJc783jnMvXZubK4wH86Eqqvashtrwvcsgkv - Algo|Stake

Mainnet Beta

A permissionless, persistent cluster for early token holders and launch partners. Currently, rewards and inflation are disabled.

  • Tokens that are issued on Mainnet Beta are real SOL
  • If you have paid money to purchase/be issued tokens, such as through our CoinList auction, these tokens will be transferred on Mainnet Beta.
    • Note: If you are using a non-command-line wallet such as Solflare, the wallet will always be connecting to Mainnet Beta.
  • Gossip entrypoint for Mainnet Beta: mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001
  • Metrics environment variable for Mainnet Beta:
export SOLANA_METRICS_CONFIG="host=https://metrics.solana.com:8086,db=mainnet-beta,u=mainnet-beta_write,p=password"
  • RPC URL for Mainnet Beta: https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com
Example solana command-line configuration
solana config set --url https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com
Example solana-validator command-line
$ solana-validator \
    --identity ~/validator-keypair.json \
    --vote-account ~/vote-account-keypair.json \
    --trusted-validator 7Np41oeYqPefeNQEHSv1UDhYrehxin3NStELsSKCT4K2 \
    --trusted-validator GdnSyH3YtwcxFvQrVVJMm1JhTS4QVX7MFsX56uJLUfiZ \
    --trusted-validator DE1bawNcRJB9rVm3buyMVfr8mBEoyyu73NBovf2oXJsJ \
    --trusted-validator CakcnaRDHka2gXyfbEd2d3xsvkJkqsLw2akB3zsN1D2S \
    --no-untrusted-rpc \
    --ledger ~/validator-ledger \
    --rpc-port 8899 \
    --private-rpc \
    --dynamic-port-range 8000-8010 \
    --entrypoint mainnet-beta.solana.com:8001 \
    --expected-genesis-hash 5eykt4UsFv8P8NJdTREpY1vzqKqZKvdpKuc147dw2N9d \
    --wal-recovery-mode skip_any_corrupted_record \
    --limit-ledger-size

All four --trusted-validators are operated by Solana