118 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Staking on Solana
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---
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_Note before reading: All references to increases in values are in absolute
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terms with regards to balance of SOL.
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This document makes no suggestion as to the monetary value of SOL at any time._
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By staking your SOL tokens, you help secure the network and
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[earn rewards](implemented-proposals/staking-rewards.md) while doing so.
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You can stake by delegating your tokens to validators who process transactions and run the network.
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Delegating stake is a shared-risk shared-reward financial model that may provide
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returns to holders of tokens delegated for a long period.
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This is achieved by aligning the financial incentives of the token-holders
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(delegators) and the validators to whom they delegate.
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The more stake delegated to a validator, the more often this validator
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is chosen to write new transactions to the ledger. The more transactions
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the validator writes, the more rewards the validator and its delegators earn.
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Validators who configure their systems to be able to process more transactions
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earn proportionally more rewards and
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because they keep the network running as fast and as smoothly as possible.
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Validators incur costs by running and maintaining their systems, and this is
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passed on to delegators in the form of a fee collected as a percentage of
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rewards earned. This fee is known as a _commission_. Since validators earn more
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rewards the more stake is delegated to them, they may compete with one another
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to offer the lowest commission for their services.
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You risk losing tokens when staking through a process known as
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_slashing_. Slashing involves the removal and destruction of a portion of a
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validator's delegated stake in response to intentional malicious behavior,
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such as creating invalid transactions or censoring certain types of transactions
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or network participants.
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When a validator is slashed, all token holders who have delegated stake to that
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validator lose a portion of their delegation. While this means an immediate
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loss for the token holder, it also is a loss of future rewards for the validator
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due to their reduced total delegation. More details on the slashing roadmap can
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be found
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[here](proposals/optimistic-confirmation-and-slashing.md#slashing-roadmap).
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Rewards and slashing align validator and token holder interests which helps keep the network
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secure, robust and performant.
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## How do I stake my SOL tokens?
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You can stake SOL by moving your tokens
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into a wallet that supports staking. The wallet provides steps to create a stake account
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and do the delegation.
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#### Supported Wallets
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Staking operations are supported by the following wallet solutions:
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- Phantom.app in conjunction with a seed phrase or a Ledger Nano.
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Check out Phantom's [guide to staking](https://phantom.app/blog/solana-staking-in-just-3-clicks) for details.
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- SolFlare.com in conjunction with a keystore file or a Ledger Nano.
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Check out our [guide to using SolFlare](wallet-guide/solflare.md) for details.
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- Solana command line tools can perform all stake operations in conjunction
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with a CLI-generated keypair file wallet, a paper wallet, or with a connected
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Ledger Nano.
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[Staking commands using the Solana Command Line Tools](cli/delegate-stake.md).
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- [Exodus](https://www.exodus.com/) wallet. They make the process very simple,
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but you cannot choose a validator: they assign you to their partner validator.
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See their [FAQ](https://support.exodus.com/article/1551-solana-staking-faq)
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for details.
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- [Binance](https://www.binance.com/) and [FTX](https://ftx.com/) exchanges.
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Note that you cannot choose a validator with these services: they assign you
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to their partner validator.
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#### Create a Stake Account
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Follow the wallet's instructions for creating a staking account. This account
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will be of a different type than one used to simply send and receive tokens.
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#### Select a Validator
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Follow the wallet's instructions for selecting a validator. You can get
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information about potentially performant validators from the links below.
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The Solana Foundation does not recommend any particular validator.
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The Mainnet Beta validators introduce themselves and their services on this
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Solana Forum thread:
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- https://forums.solana.com/t/validator-information-thread
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The site solanabeach.io is built and maintained by one of our validators,
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Staking Facilities. It provides a some high-level graphical information about
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the network as a whole, as well as a list of each validator and some recent
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performance statistics about each one.
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- https://solanabeach.io
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To view block production statistics, use the Solana command-line tools:
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- `solana validators`
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- `solana block-production`
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The Solana team does not make recommendations on how to interpret this
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information. Do your own due diligence.
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#### Delegate your Stake
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Follow the wallet's instructions for delegating your to your chosen validator.
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## Stake Account Details
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For more information about the operations and permissions associated with a
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stake account, please see [Stake Accounts](staking/stake-accounts.md)
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