Files
Shaun Hamilton c2a11ad00d feat: add 'back/front end' in curriculum (#42596)
* chore: rename APIs and Microservices to include "Backend" (#42515)

* fix typo

* fix typo

* undo change

* Corrected grammar mistake

Corrected a grammar mistake by removing a comma.

* change APIs and Microservices cert title

* update title

* Change APIs and Microservices certi title

* Update translations.json

* update title

* feat(curriculum): rename apis and microservices cert

* rename folder structure

* rename certificate

* rename learn Markdown

* apis-and-microservices -> back-end-development-and-apis

* update backend meta

* update i18n langs and cypress test

Co-authored-by: Shaun Hamilton <shauhami020@gmail.com>

* fix: add development to front-end libraries (#42512)

* fix: added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-word-development-to-front-end-libraries-in-other-related-files

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-and-all-related-files

* fix/removed-typos-from-last-commit-in-index.md

* fix/reverted-changes-that-i-made-to-dependecies

* fix/removed xvfg

* fix/reverted changes that i made to package.json

* remove unwanted changes

* front-end-development-libraries changes

* rename backend certSlug and README

* update i18n folder names and keys

* test: add legacy path redirect tests

This uses serve.json from the client-config repo, since we currently use
that in production

* fix: create public dir before moving serve.json

* fix: add missing script

* refactor: collect redirect tests

* test: convert to cy.location for stricter tests

* rename certificate folder to 00-certificates

* change crowdin config to recognise new certificates location

* allow translations to be used

Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>

* add forwards slashes to path redirects

* fix cypress path tests again

* plese cypress

* fix: test different challenge

Okay so I literally have no idea why this one particular challenge
fails in Cypress Firefox ONLY. Tom and I paired and spun a full build
instance and confirmed in Firefox the page loads and redirects as
expected. Changing to another bootstrap challenge passes Cypress firefox
locally. Absolutely boggled by this.

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

* fix: separate the test

Okay apparently the test does not work unless we separate it into
a different `it` statement.

>:( >:( >:( >:(

Co-authored-by: Sujal Gupta <55016909+heysujal@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Noor Fakhry <65724923+NoorFakhry@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Eyton-Williams <ojeytonwilliams@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
2021-08-13 21:57:13 -05:00

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---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036176
title: 使用 State 切换元素
challengeType: 6
forumTopicId: 301421
dashedName: use-state-to-toggle-an-element
---
# --description--
有时可能在更新状态的时候想知道上一个状态是什么。 但是状态更新是异步的,这意味着 React 可能会把多个 `setState()` 集中在一起批量更新。 所以计算下一个值时 `this.state` 或者 `this.props` 不能作为当前值。 所以最好不要写如下的代码:
```jsx
this.setState({
counter: this.state.counter + this.props.increment
});
```
正确的做法是,给 `setState` 传入一个函数,这个函数可以访问 state 和 props。 给 `setState` 传入函数可以保证 state 和 props 是正确的值。 代码可以重写为这样:
```jsx
this.setState((state, props) => ({
counter: state.counter + props.increment
}));
```
如果只需要 `state`,那么用下面没有 `props` 的格式也是可以的:
```jsx
this.setState(state => ({
counter: state.counter + 1
}));
```
注意一定要把 object 放在括号里,否则 JavaScript 会认为这只是代码片段。
# --instructions--
`MyComponent` 有一个初始值为 `false``visibility` 属性。 如果 `visibility` 的值为 truerender 方法返回一个视图,如果为 false返回另一个视图。
目前,无法更新组件 `state` 中的 `visibility` 属性, 该值应在 true 和 false 之间来回切换。 按钮上有一个单击处理程序,它触发一个名为 `toggleVisibility()` 的类方法。 给函数传入 `setState` 来定义此方法,以便 `visibility``state` 在调用方法时切换到相反的值。 如果 `visibility``false`,则该方法将其设置为`true`,反之亦然。
最后,单击按钮以查看基于其 `state` 的组件的条件渲染。
**提示:** 不要忘记将 `this` 关键字绑定到 `constructor` 中的方法上!
# --hints--
`MyComponent` 应该返回一个 `div` 元素,其中包含一个 `button` 元素。
```js
assert.strictEqual(
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('div').find('button')
.length,
1
);
```
`MyComponent` 应该使用设置为 `false``visibility` 属性来初始化其 state。
```js
assert.strictEqual(
Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('visibility'),
false
);
```
单击按钮元素应在 `true``false` 之间切换 `visibility` 属性的状态。
```js
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
const first = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ visibility: false });
return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
};
const second = () => {
mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
};
const third = () => {
mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
return mockedComponent.state('visibility');
};
const firstValue = first();
const secondValue = second();
const thirdValue = third();
assert(!firstValue && secondValue && !thirdValue);
})();
```
应该给 `setState` 传入一个匿名函数。
```js
const paramRegex = '[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*(,[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*)?';
assert(
new RegExp(
'this\\.setState\\((function\\(' +
paramRegex +
'\\){|([a-zA-Z$_]\\w*|\\(' +
paramRegex +
'\\))=>)'
).test(__helpers.removeWhiteSpace(code))
);
```
不要在 `setState` 里面使用 `this`
```js
assert(!/this\.setState\([^}]*this/.test(code));
```
# --seed--
## --after-user-code--
```jsx
ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'));
```
## --seed-contents--
```jsx
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
visibility: false
};
// Change code below this line
// Change code above this line
}
// Change code below this line
// Change code above this line
render() {
if (this.state.visibility) {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
</div>
);
} else {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
</div>
);
}
}
}
```
# --solutions--
```jsx
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
visibility: false
};
this.toggleVisibility = this.toggleVisibility.bind(this);
}
toggleVisibility() {
this.setState(state => ({
visibility: !state.visibility
}));
}
render() {
if (this.state.visibility) {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
<h1>Now you see me!</h1>
</div>
);
} else {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
</div>
);
}
}
}
```