5.9 KiB
5.9 KiB
id, title, challengeType, forumTopicId, localeTitle
id | title | challengeType | forumTopicId | localeTitle |
---|---|---|---|---|
5a24c314108439a4d4036180 | Optimize Re-Renders with shouldComponentUpdate | 6 | 301398 | 使用 shouldComponentUpdate 优化重新渲染 |
Description
state
或新的props
,它会重新渲染自己及其所有子组件。这通常是好的。但是 React 提供了一种生命周期方法,当子组件接收到新的state
或props
时,你可以调用该方法,并特别声明组件是否应该更新。方法是shouldComponentUpdate()
,它将nextProps
和nextState
作为参数。
这种方法是优化性能的有效方法。例如,默认行为是,当组件接收到新的props
时,即使props
没有改变,它也会重新渲染。你可以通过使用shouldComponentUpdate()
比较props
来防止这种情况。该方法必须返回一个布尔值,该值告诉 React 是否更新组件。你可以比较当前的 props(this.props
)和下一个 props(nextProps
),以确定你是否需要更新,并相应地返回true
或false
。
Instructions
shouldComponentUpdate()
方法添加到名为OnlyEvens
的组件中。目前,该方法返回true
,因此每次收到新的props
时,OnlyEvens
都会重新渲染。修改该方法,以便OnlyEvens
仅在其新 props 的value
为偶数时更新。单击Add
按钮,在触发其他生命周期钩子时,在浏览器控制台中查看事件的顺序。
Tests
tests:
- text: <code>Controller</code>组件应该将<code>OnlyEvens</code>组件渲染为子组件。
testString: assert((() => { const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); return mockedComponent.find('Controller').length === 1 && mockedComponent.find('OnlyEvens').length === 1; })());
- text: 应该在<code>OnlyEvens</code>组件上定义<code>shouldComponentUpdate</code>方法。
testString: assert((() => { const child = React.createElement(OnlyEvens).type.prototype.shouldComponentUpdate.toString().replace(/s/g,''); return child !== 'undefined'; })());
- text: <code>OnlyEvens</code>组件应该返回一个<code>h1</code>标签,该标签渲染<code>this.props.value</code>的值。
testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 1000 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').html()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 10 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').html()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); assert(firstValue === ''<h1>1000</h1>'' && secondValue === ''<h1>10</h1>''); }; '
- text: 只有在<code>nextProps.value</code>为偶数时,<code>OnlyEvens</code>才会重新渲染。
testString: 'async () => { const waitForIt = (fn) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250)); const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Controller)); const first = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 8 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const second = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 7 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const third = () => { mockedComponent.setState({ value: 42 }); return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.find(''h1'').text()); }; const firstValue = await first(); const secondValue = await second(); const thirdValue = await third(); assert(firstValue === ''8'' && secondValue === ''8'' && thirdValue === ''42''); }; '
Challenge Seed
class OnlyEvens extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
}
shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {
console.log('Should I update?');
// change code below this line
return true;
// change code above this line
}
componentDidUpdate() {
console.log('Component re-rendered.');
}
render() {
return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>
}
};
class Controller extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
value: 0
};
this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this);
}
addValue() {
this.setState({
value: this.state.value + 1
});
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button>
<OnlyEvens value={this.state.value}/>
</div>
);
}
};
After Test
ReactDOM.render(<Controller />, document.getElementById('root'))
Solution
class OnlyEvens extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
}
shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {
console.log('Should I update?');
// change code below this line
return nextProps.value % 2 === 0;
// change code above this line
}
componentDidUpdate() {
console.log('Component re-rendered.');
}
render() {
return <h1>{this.props.value}</h1>
}
};
class Controller extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
value: 0
};
this.addValue = this.addValue.bind(this);
}
addValue() {
this.setState({
value: this.state.value + 1
});
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<button onClick={this.addValue}>Add</button>
<OnlyEvens value={this.state.value}/>
</div>
);
}
};