freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/10-coding-interview-prep/data-structures/breadth-first-search.md

---
id: 587d825c367417b2b2512c90
title: 广度优先搜索
challengeType: 1
videoUrl: ''
dashedName: breadth-first-search
---

# --description--

到目前为止，我们已经学会了创建图表表示的不同方法。现在怎么办？一个自然的问题是图中任何两个节点之间的距离是多少？输入<dfn>图遍历算法</dfn> 。 <dfn>遍历算法</dfn>是遍历或访问图中节点的算法。一种遍历算法是广度优先搜索算法。该算法从一个节点开始，首先访问一个边缘的所有邻居，然后继续访问它们的每个邻居。在视觉上，这就是算法正在做的事情。 ![广度优先搜索算法遍历](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/2f57e6239884a1a03402912f13c49555dec76d06/68747470733a2f2f75706c6f61642e77696b696d656469612e6f72672f77696b6970656469612f636f6d6d6f6e732f342f34362f416e696d617465645f4246532e676966)要实现此算法，您需要输入图形结构和要启动的节点。首先，您需要了解距起始节点的距离。这个你想要开始你所有的距离最初一些大的数字，如`Infinity` 。这为从起始节点无法访问节点的情况提供了参考。接下来，您将要从开始节点转到其邻居。这些邻居是一个边缘，此时你应该添加一个距离单位到你要跟踪的距离。最后，有助于实现广度优先搜索算法的重要数据结构是队列。这是一个数组，您可以在其中添加元素到一端并从另一端删除元素。这也称为<dfn>FIFO</dfn>或<dfn>先进先出</dfn>数据结构。

# --instructions--

编写一个函数`bfs()` ，它将邻接矩阵图（二维数组）和节点标签根作为参数。节点标签只是`0`到`n - 1`之间节点的整数值，其中`n`是图中节点的总数。您的函数将输出JavaScript对象键值对与节点及其与根的距离。如果无法到达节点，则其距离应为`Infinity` 。

# --hints--

输入图`[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]` ，起始节点为`1`应该返回`{0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 2}`

```js
assert(
  (function () {
    var graph = [
      [0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 0, 1, 0]
    ];
    var results = bfs(graph, 1);
    return isEquivalent(results, { 0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 2 });
  })()
);
```

输入图`[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]` ，起始节点为`1`应该返回`{0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: Infinity}`

```js
assert(
  (function () {
    var graph = [
      [0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 0],
      [0, 0, 0, 0]
    ];
    var results = bfs(graph, 1);
    return isEquivalent(results, { 0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 1, 3: Infinity });
  })()
);
```

输入图`[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]` ，起始节点为`0`应该返回`{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}`

```js
assert(
  (function () {
    var graph = [
      [0, 1, 0, 0],
      [1, 0, 1, 0],
      [0, 1, 0, 1],
      [0, 0, 1, 0]
    ];
    var results = bfs(graph, 0);
    return isEquivalent(results, { 0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3 });
  })()
);
```

起始节点为`0`的输入图`[[0, 1], [1, 0]]`应返回`{0: 0, 1: 1}`

```js
assert(
  (function () {
    var graph = [
      [0, 1],
      [1, 0]
    ];
    var results = bfs(graph, 0);
    return isEquivalent(results, { 0: 0, 1: 1 });
  })()
);
```

# --seed--

## --after-user-code--

```js
// Source: http://adripofjavascript.com/blog/drips/object-equality-in-javascript.html
function isEquivalent(a, b) {
    // Create arrays of property names
    var aProps = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(a);
    var bProps = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(b);
    // If number of properties is different,
    // objects are not equivalent
    if (aProps.length != bProps.length) {
        return false;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < aProps.length; i++) {
        var propName = aProps[i];
        // If values of same property are not equal,
        // objects are not equivalent
        if (a[propName] !== b[propName]) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    // If we made it this far, objects
    // are considered equivalent
    return true;
}
```

## --seed-contents--

```js
function bfs(graph, root) {
  var nodesLen = {};

  return nodesLen;
};

var exBFSGraph = [
  [0, 1, 0, 0],
  [1, 0, 1, 0],
  [0, 1, 0, 1],
  [0, 0, 1, 0]
];
console.log(bfs(exBFSGraph, 3));
```

# --solutions--

```js
function bfs(graph, root) {
  var nodesLen = {};
  // Set all distances to infinity
  for (var i = 0; i < graph.length; i++) {
    nodesLen[i] = Infinity;
  }
  nodesLen[root] = 0; // ...except root node
  var queue = [root]; // Keep track of nodes to visit
  var current; // Current node traversing
  // Keep on going until no more nodes to traverse
  while (queue.length !== 0) {
    current = queue.shift();
    // Get adjacent nodes from current node
    var curConnected = graph[current]; // Get layer of edges from current
    var neighborIdx = []; // List of nodes with edges
    var idx = curConnected.indexOf(1); // Get first edge connection
    while (idx !== -1) {
      neighborIdx.push(idx); // Add to list of neighbors
      idx = curConnected.indexOf(1, idx + 1); // Keep on searching
    }
    // Loop through neighbors and get lengths
    for (var j = 0; j < neighborIdx.length; j++) {
      // Increment distance for nodes traversed
      if (nodesLen[neighborIdx[j]] === Infinity) {
        nodesLen[neighborIdx[j]] = nodesLen[current] + 1;
        queue.push(neighborIdx[j]); // Add new neighbors to queue
      }
    }
  }
  return nodesLen;
}
```