Fix link

* docs: update README.md [skip ci]

* docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]

Co-authored-by: allcontributors[bot] <46447321+allcontributors[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.all-contributorsrc

@@ -1532,6 +1532,60 @@
       "contributions": [
         "translation"
       ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "Xenilo137",
+      "name": "Xenilo137",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/Xenilo137",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "samuelpsouza",
+      "name": "Samuel Souza",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "marlo2222",
+      "name": "Marlo Henrique",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/marlo2222",
+      "contributions": [
+        "translation"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "AndriyPyzh",
+      "name": "AndriyPyzh",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/AndriyPyzh",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "karthikbhat13",
+      "name": "karthikbhat13",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/karthikbhat13",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "mortezaadi",
+      "name": "Morteza Adigozalpour",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/mortezaadi",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
     }
   ],
   "contributorsPerLine": 4,

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+Copyright <EFBFBD> 2014-2021 Ilkka Sepp<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
+
+Module Model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework
+ZK framework is licensed under LGPL and the license can be found at lgpl-3.0.txt

README.md

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
 [![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-168-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
+[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-174-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
 
 <br/>
 
-Read in different language : [**zh**](/localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](/localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](/localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](/localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](/localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](/localization/es/README.md)
+Read in different language : [**zh**](localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](localization/es/README.md), [**pt**](localization/pt/README.md)
 
 <br/>
 
@@ -327,6 +327,16 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tao-sun2"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tao-sun2" title="Code">💻</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuanManuelAbate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16357060?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Abate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JuanManuelAbate" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
   </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Xenilo137"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Xenilo137</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Xenilo137" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Samuel Souza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samuelpsouza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/marlo2222"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Marlo Henrique</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-marlo2222" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AndriyPyzh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AndriyPyzh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AndriyPyzh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/karthikbhat13"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>karthikbhat13</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=karthikbhat13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mortezaadi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Morteza Adigozalpour</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mortezaadi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <!-- markdownlint-restore -->

abstract-factory/README.md

@@ -196,13 +196,13 @@ Example use cases
 * Unit test case writing becomes much easier
 * UI tools for different OS
 
-## Consequences:
+## Consequences
 
 * Dependency injection in java hides the service class dependencies that can lead to runtime errors that would have been caught at compile time.
 * While the pattern is great when creating predefined objects, adding the new ones might be challenging.
 * The code becomes more complicated than it should be since a lot of new interfaces and classes are introduced along with the pattern.
 
-## Tutorial
+## Tutorials
 
 * [Abstract Factory Pattern Tutorial](https://www.journaldev.com/1418/abstract-factory-design-pattern-in-java) 
 

active-object/README.md

@@ -123,4 +123,4 @@ Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam an
 
 ## Class diagram
 
-![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.PNG "Active Object class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.png "Active Object class diagram")

adapter/README.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Use the Adapter pattern when
 * you need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing every one. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
 * most of the applications using third party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
 
-## Consequences:
+## Consequences
 Class and object adapters have different trade-offs. A class adapter
 
 *	adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ An object adapter
 *	makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
 
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Arrays#asList()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html#asList%28T...%29)
 * [java.util.Collections#list()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#list-java.util.Enumeration-)

bridge/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary indepen
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Consider you have a weapon with different enchantments, and you are supposed to allow mixing 
 > different weapons with different enchantments. What would you do? Create multiple copies of each 
@@ -161,27 +161,36 @@ public class SoulEatingEnchantment implements Enchantment {
 Here are both hierarchies in action:
 
 ```java
+LOGGER.info("The knight receives an enchanted sword.");
 var enchantedSword = new Sword(new SoulEatingEnchantment());
 enchantedSword.wield();
 enchantedSword.swing();
 enchantedSword.unwield();
-// The sword is wielded.
-// The item spreads bloodlust.
-// The sword is swinged.
-// The item eats the soul of enemies.
-// The sword is unwielded.
-// Bloodlust slowly disappears.
 
+LOGGER.info("The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.");
 var hammer = new Hammer(new FlyingEnchantment());
 hammer.wield();
 hammer.swing();
 hammer.unwield();
-// The hammer is wielded.
-// The item begins to glow faintly.
-// The hammer is swinged.
-// The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
-// The hammer is unwielded.
-// The item's glow fades.
+```
+
+Here's the console output.
+
+```
+The knight receives an enchanted sword.
+The sword is wielded.
+The item spreads bloodlust.
+The sword is swung.
+The item eats the soul of enemies.
+The sword is unwielded.
+Bloodlust slowly disappears.
+The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.
+The hammer is wielded.
+The item begins to glow faintly.
+The hammer is swung.
+The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
+The hammer is unwielded.
+The item's glow fades.
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram

builder/README.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ process can create different representations.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Imagine a character generator for a role-playing game. The easiest option is to let the computer 
 > create the character for you. If you want to manually select the character details like 
-> profession, gender, hair color etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
+> profession, gender, hair color, etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
 > completes when all the selections are ready.
 
 In plain words
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ anti-pattern.
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all we have our hero that we want to 
+The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all, we have our hero that we want to 
 create:
 
 ```java
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Use the Builder pattern when
 * The algorithm for creating a complex object should be independent of the parts that make up the object and how they're assembled
 * The construction process must allow different representations for the object that's constructed
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.lang.StringBuilder](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuilder.html)
 * [java.nio.ByteBuffer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/ByteBuffer.html#put-byte-) as well as similar buffers such as FloatBuffer, IntBuffer and so on.

chain-of-responsibility/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ---
 layout: pattern
 title: Chain of responsibility
-folder: chain
-permalink: /patterns/chain/
+folder: chain-of-responsibility
+permalink: /patterns/chain-of-responsibility/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: en
 tags:
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ tags:
 ---
 
 ## Intent
+
 Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to 
 handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object 
 handles it.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > The Orc King gives loud orders to his army. The closest one to react is the commander, then 
-> officer and then soldier. The commander, officer and soldier here form a chain of responsibility.
+> an officer, and then a soldier. The commander, officer, and soldier form a chain of responsibility.
 
 In plain words
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-Translating our example with the orcs from above. First we have the `Request` class:
+Translating our example with the orcs from above. First, we have the `Request` class:
 
 ```java
 public class Request {
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ public enum RequestType {
 }
 ```
 
-Then the request handler hierarchy
+Next, we show the request handler hierarchy.
 
 ```java
 @Slf4j
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ public class OrcCommander extends RequestHandler {
 
 ```
 
-Then we have the Orc King who gives the orders and forms the chain
+The Orc King gives the orders and forms the chain.
 
 ```java
 public class OrcKing {
@@ -136,18 +137,26 @@ public class OrcKing {
 }
 ```
 
-Then it is used as follows
+The chain of responsibility in action.
 
 ```java
 var king = new OrcKing();
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle")); // Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner")); // Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax")); // Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax"));
+```
+
+The console output.
+
+```
+Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
+Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
+Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
 
-![alt text](./etc/chain.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
 
 ## Applicability
 
@@ -157,7 +166,7 @@ Use Chain of Responsibility when
 * You want to issue a request to one of several objects without specifying the receiver explicitly.
 * The set of objects that can handle a request should be specified dynamically.
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.logging.Logger#log()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/logging/Logger.html#log%28java.util.logging.Level,%20java.lang.String%29)
 * [Apache Commons Chain](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-chain/index.html)

chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
-  <artifactId>chain</artifactId>
+  <artifactId>chain-of-responsibility</artifactId>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>

command/README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients wit
 requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations.
 
 ## Explanation
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > There is a wizard casting spells on a goblin. The spells are executed on the goblin one by one.
 > The first spell shrinks the goblin and the second makes him invisible. Then the wizard reverses
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public class Goblin extends Target {
 }
 ```
 
-Finally we have the wizard in main function who casts spell
+Finally, we have the wizard in the main function casting spells.
 
 ```java
 public static void main(String[] args) {
@@ -202,32 +202,29 @@ Use the Command pattern when you want to:
 * Parameterize objects by an action to perform. You can express such parameterization in a
 procedural language with a callback function, that is, a function that's registered somewhere to be
 called at a later point. Commands are an object-oriented replacement for callbacks.
-* Specify, queue, and execute requests at different times. A Command object can have a lifetime
+* Specify, queue, and execute requests at different times. A Command object can have a life
 independent of the original request. If the receiver of a request can be represented in an address
 space-independent way, then you can transfer a command object for the request to a different process
 and fulfill the request there.
 * Support undo. The Command's execute operation can store state for reversing its effects in the
 command itself. The Command interface must have an added un-execute operation that reverses the
 effects of a previous call to execute. The executed commands are stored in a history list.
-Unlimited-level undo and redo is achieved by traversing this list backwards and forwards calling
-un-execute and execute, respectively.
+Unlimited-level undo and redo functionality is achieved by traversing this list backward and forward 
+  calling un-execute and execute, respectively.
 * Support logging changes so that they can be reapplied in case of a system crash. By augmenting the
 Command interface with load and store operations, you can keep a persistent log of changes.
-Recovering from a crash involves reloading logged commands from disk and re-executing them with
+Recovering from a crash involves reloading logged commands from the disk and re-executing them with
 the execute operation.
 * Structure a system around high-level operations build on primitive operations. Such a structure is
-common in information systems that support transactions. A transaction encapsulates a set of changes
-to data. The Command pattern offers a way to model transactions. Commands have a common interface,
+common in information systems that support transactions. A transaction encapsulates a set of data
+changes. The Command pattern offers a way to model transactions. Commands have a common interface,
 letting you invoke all transactions the same way. The pattern also makes it easy to extend the
 system with new transactions.
+* Keep a history of requests.
+* Implement callback functionality.
+* Implement the undo functionality.
 
-## Typical Use Case
-
-* To keep a history of requests
-* Implement callback functionality
-* Implement the undo functionality
-
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.lang.Runnable](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Runnable.html)
 * [org.junit.runners.model.Statement](https://github.com/junit-team/junit4/blob/master/src/main/java/org/junit/runners/model/Statement.java)

command/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/command/App.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.command;
 /**
  * The Command pattern is a behavioral design pattern in which an object is used to encapsulate all
  * information needed to perform an action or trigger an event at a later time. This information
- * includes the method name, the object that owns the method and values for the method parameters.
+ * includes the method name, the object that owns the method, and values for the method parameters.
  *
  * <p>Four terms always associated with the command pattern are command, receiver, invoker and
  * client. A command object (spell) knows about the receiver (target) and invokes a method of the

commander/README.md

@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ We need a mechanism in place which can handle these kinds of situations. We have
 
 ## Credits
 
-* [https://www.grahamlea.com/2016/08/distributed-transactions-microservices-icebergs/]
+* [Distributed Transactions: The Icebergs of Microservices](https://www.grahamlea.com/2016/08/distributed-transactions-microservices-icebergs/)

composite/README.md

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Every sentence is composed of words which are in turn composed of characters. Each of these 
-> objects is printable and they can have something printed before or after them like sentence always 
-> ends with full stop and word always has space before it.
+> objects are printable and they can have something printed before or after them like sentence 
+> always ends with full stop and word always has space before it.
 
 In plain words
 
-> Composite pattern lets clients treat the individual objects in a uniform manner.
+> Composite pattern lets clients uniformly treat the individual objects.
 
 Wikipedia says
 
@@ -154,10 +154,22 @@ public class Messenger {
 And then it can be used as:
 
 ```java
-var orcMessage = new Messenger().messageFromOrcs();
-orcMessage.print(); // Where there is a whip there is a way.
-var elfMessage = new Messenger().messageFromElves();
-elfMessage.print(); // Much wind pours from your mouth.
+var messenger = new Messenger();
+
+LOGGER.info("Message from the orcs: ");
+messenger.messageFromOrcs().print();
+
+LOGGER.info("Message from the elves: ");
+messenger.messageFromElves().print();
+```
+
+The console output:
+
+```
+Message from the orcs: 
+ Where there is a whip there is a way.
+Message from the elves: 
+ Much wind pours from your mouth.
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
@@ -172,7 +184,7 @@ Use the Composite pattern when
 * You want clients to be able to ignore the difference between compositions of objects and 
 individual objects. Clients will treat all objects in the composite structure uniformly.
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.awt.Container](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/awt/Container.html) and [java.awt.Component](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/awt/Component.html)
 * [Apache Wicket](https://github.com/apache/wicket) component tree, see [Component](https://github.com/apache/wicket/blob/91e154702ab1ff3481ef6cbb04c6044814b7e130/wicket-core/src/main/java/org/apache/wicket/Component.java) and [MarkupContainer](https://github.com/apache/wicket/blob/b60ec64d0b50a611a9549809c9ab216f0ffa3ae3/wicket-core/src/main/java/org/apache/wicket/MarkupContainer.java)

composite/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/composite/App.java

@@ -45,14 +45,13 @@ public class App {
    * @param args command line args
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+    var messenger = new Messenger();
+
     LOGGER.info("Message from the orcs: ");
+    messenger.messageFromOrcs().print();
 
-    var orcMessage = new Messenger().messageFromOrcs();
-    orcMessage.print();
-
-    LOGGER.info("\nMessage from the elves: ");
-
-    var elfMessage = new Messenger().messageFromElves();
-    elfMessage.print();
+    LOGGER.info("Message from the elves: ");
+    messenger.messageFromElves().print();
   }
 }

composite/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/composite/Sentence.java

@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@ public class Sentence extends LetterComposite {
 
   @Override
   protected void printThisAfter() {
-    System.out.print(".");
+    System.out.print(".\n");
   }
 }

decorator/README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ permalink: /patterns/decorator/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
- - Gang Of Four
+ - Gang of Four
  - Extensibility
 ---
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
-> There is an angry troll living in the nearby hills. Usually it goes bare handed but sometimes it 
+> There is an angry troll living in the nearby hills. Usually, it goes bare-handed but sometimes it 
 > has a weapon. To arm the troll it's not necessary to create a new troll but to decorate it 
 > dynamically with a suitable weapon.
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public class SimpleTroll implements Troll {
 }
 ```
 
-Next we want to add club for the troll. We can do it dynamically by using a decorator:
+Next, we want to add a club for the troll. We can do it dynamically by using a decorator:
 
 ```java
 @Slf4j
@@ -106,23 +106,33 @@ Here's the troll in action:
 
 ```java
 // simple troll
+LOGGER.info("A simple looking troll approaches.");
 var troll = new SimpleTroll();
-troll.attack(); // The troll tries to grab you!
-troll.fleeBattle(); // The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
+troll.attack();
+troll.fleeBattle();
+LOGGER.info("Simple troll power: {}.\n", troll.getAttackPower());
 
 // change the behavior of the simple troll by adding a decorator
+LOGGER.info("A troll with huge club surprises you.");
 var clubbedTroll = new ClubbedTroll(troll);
-clubbedTroll.attack(); // The troll tries to grab you! The troll swings at you with a club!
-clubbedTroll.fleeBattle(); // The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
+clubbedTroll.attack();
+clubbedTroll.fleeBattle();
+LOGGER.info("Clubbed troll power: {}.\n", clubbedTroll.getAttackPower());
 ```
 
 Program output:
 
 ```java
+A simple looking troll approaches.
 The troll tries to grab you!
 The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
-The troll tries to grab you! The troll swings at you with a club!
+Simple troll power: 10.
+
+A troll with huge club surprises you.
+The troll tries to grab you!
+The troll swings at you with a club!
 The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
+Clubbed troll power: 20.
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
@@ -140,11 +150,11 @@ affecting other objects.
 are possible and would produce an explosion of subclasses to support every combination. Or a class 
 definition may be hidden or otherwise unavailable for subclassing.
 
-## Tutorial
+## Tutorials
 
 * [Decorator Pattern Tutorial](https://www.journaldev.com/1540/decorator-design-pattern-in-java-example)
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
  * [java.io.InputStream](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/InputStream.html), [java.io.OutputStream](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/OutputStream.html),
  [java.io.Reader](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Reader.html) and [java.io.Writer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Writer.html)

decorator/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/decorator/App.java

@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ public class App {
     var troll = new SimpleTroll();
     troll.attack();
     troll.fleeBattle();
-    LOGGER.info("Simple troll power {}.\n", troll.getAttackPower());
+    LOGGER.info("Simple troll power: {}.\n", troll.getAttackPower());
 
     // change the behavior of the simple troll by adding a decorator
     LOGGER.info("A troll with huge club surprises you.");
     var clubbedTroll = new ClubbedTroll(troll);
     clubbedTroll.attack();
     clubbedTroll.fleeBattle();
-    LOGGER.info("Clubbed troll power {}.\n", clubbedTroll.getAttackPower());
+    LOGGER.info("Clubbed troll power: {}.\n", clubbedTroll.getAttackPower());
   }
 }

dependency-injection/README.md

@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ Use the Dependency Injection pattern when:
 * [Dependency Injection Principles, Practices, and Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/161729473X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=161729473X&linkId=57079257a5c7d33755493802f3b884bd)
 * [Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0132350882/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0132350882&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=2c390d89cc9e61c01b9e7005c7842871)
 * [Java 9 Dependency Injection: Write loosely coupled code with Spring 5 and Guice](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1788296257/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1788296257&linkId=4e9137a3bf722a8b5b156cce1eec0fc1)
-* [Google Guice Tutorial: Open source Java based dependency injection framework](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B083P7DZ8M/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B083P7DZ8M&linkId=04f0f902c877921e45215b624a124bfe)
+* [Google Guice: Agile Lightweight Dependency Injection Framework](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590599977/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1590599977&linkId=3b10c90b7ba480a1b7777ff38000f956)

domain-model/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+---
+layout: pattern
+title: Domain Model
+folder: domain-model
+permalink: /patterns/domain-model/
+categories: Architectural
+language: en
+tags:
+ - Domain
+---
+
+## Intent
+
+Domain model pattern provides an object-oriented way of dealing with complicated logic. Instead of having one procedure that handles all business logic for a user action there are multiple objects and each of them handles a slice of domain logic that is relevant to it.
+
+## Explanation
+
+Real world example
+
+> Let's assume that we need to build an e-commerce web application. While analyzing requirements you will notice that there are few nouns you talk about repeatedly. It’s your Customer, and a Product the customer looks for. These two are your domain-specific classes and each of that classes will include some business logic specific to its domain.
+
+In plain words
+
+> The Domain Model is an object model of the domain that incorporates both behavior and data.
+
+Programmatic Example
+
+In the example of the e-commerce app, we need to deal with the domain logic of customers who want to buy products and return them if they want. We can use the domain model pattern and create classes `Customer` and `Product` where every single instance of that class incorporates both behavior and data and represents only one record in the underlying table.
+
+Here is the `Product` domain class with fields `name`, `price`, `expirationDate` which is specific for each product, `productDao` for working with DB, `save` method for saving product and `getSalePrice` method which return price for this product with discount.
+
+```java
+@Slf4j
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Builder
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class Product {
+
+    private static final int DAYS_UNTIL_EXPIRATION_WHEN_DISCOUNT_ACTIVE = 4;
+    private static final double DISCOUNT_RATE = 0.2;
+
+    @NonNull private final ProductDao productDao;
+    @NonNull private String name;
+    @NonNull private Money price;
+    @NonNull private LocalDate expirationDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Save product or update if product already exist.
+     */
+    public void save() {
+        try {
+            Optional<Product> product = productDao.findByName(name);
+            if (product.isPresent()) {
+                productDao.update(this);
+            } else {
+                productDao.save(this);
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException ex) {
+            LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculate sale price of product with discount.
+     */
+    public Money getSalePrice() {
+        return price.minus(calculateDiscount());
+    }
+
+    private Money calculateDiscount() {
+        if (ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(LocalDate.now(), expirationDate)
+                < DAYS_UNTIL_EXPIRATION_WHEN_DISCOUNT_ACTIVE) {
+
+            return price.multipliedBy(DISCOUNT_RATE, RoundingMode.DOWN);
+        }
+
+        return Money.zero(USD);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Here is the `Customer` domain class with fields `name`, `money` which is specific for each customer, `customerDao` for working with DB, `save` for saving customer, `buyProduct` which add a product to purchases and withdraw money, `returnProduct` which remove product from purchases and return money, `showPurchases` and `showBalance` methods for printing customer's purchases and money balance.
+
+```java
+@Slf4j
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Builder
+public class Customer {
+
+    @NonNull private final CustomerDao customerDao;
+    @Builder.Default private List<Product> purchases = new ArrayList<>();
+    @NonNull private String name;
+    @NonNull private Money money;
+
+    /**
+     * Save customer or update if customer already exist.
+     */
+    public void save() {
+        try {
+            Optional<Customer> customer = customerDao.findByName(name);
+            if (customer.isPresent()) {
+                customerDao.update(this);
+            } else {
+                customerDao.save(this);
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException ex) {
+            LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add product to purchases, save to db and withdraw money.
+     *
+     * @param product to buy.
+     */
+    public void buyProduct(Product product) {
+        LOGGER.info(
+                String.format(
+                        "%s want to buy %s($%.2f)...",
+                        name, product.getName(), product.getSalePrice().getAmount()));
+        try {
+            withdraw(product.getSalePrice());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            customerDao.addProduct(product, this);
+            purchases.add(product);
+            LOGGER.info(String.format("%s bought %s!", name, product.getName()));
+        } catch (SQLException exception) {
+            receiveMoney(product.getSalePrice());
+            LOGGER.error(exception.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove product from purchases, delete from db and return money.
+     *
+     * @param product to return.
+     */
+    public void returnProduct(Product product) {
+        LOGGER.info(
+                String.format(
+                        "%s want to return %s($%.2f)...",
+                        name, product.getName(), product.getSalePrice().getAmount()));
+        if (purchases.contains(product)) {
+            try {
+                customerDao.deleteProduct(product, this);
+                purchases.remove(product);
+                receiveMoney(product.getSalePrice());
+                LOGGER.info(String.format("%s returned %s!", name, product.getName()));
+            } catch (SQLException ex) {
+                LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.error(String.format("%s didn't buy %s...", name, product.getName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print customer's purchases.
+     */
+    public void showPurchases() {
+        Optional<String> purchasesToShow =
+                purchases.stream()
+                        .map(p -> p.getName() + " - $" + p.getSalePrice().getAmount())
+                        .reduce((p1, p2) -> p1 + ", " + p2);
+
+        if (purchasesToShow.isPresent()) {
+            LOGGER.info(name + " bought: " + purchasesToShow.get());
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.info(name + " didn't bought anything");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print customer's money balance.
+     */
+    public void showBalance() {
+        LOGGER.info(name + " balance: " + money);
+    }
+
+    private void withdraw(Money amount) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (money.compareTo(amount) < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not enough money!");
+        }
+        money = money.minus(amount);
+    }
+
+    private void receiveMoney(Money amount) {
+        money = money.plus(amount);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+In the class `App`, we create a new instance of class Customer which represents customer Tom and handle data and actions of that customer and creating three products that Tom wants to buy.
+
+
+```java
+// Create data source and create the customers, products and purchases tables
+final var dataSource = createDataSource();
+deleteSchema(dataSource);
+createSchema(dataSource);
+
+// create customer
+var customerDao = new CustomerDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+var tom =
+    Customer.builder()
+        .name("Tom")
+        .money(Money.of(USD, 30))
+        .customerDao(customerDao)
+        .build();
+
+tom.save();
+
+// create products
+var productDao = new ProductDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+var eggs =
+    Product.builder()
+        .name("Eggs")
+        .price(Money.of(USD, 10.0))
+        .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(7))
+        .productDao(productDao)
+        .build();
+
+var butter =
+    Product.builder()
+        .name("Butter")
+        .price(Money.of(USD, 20.00))
+        .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(9))
+        .productDao(productDao)
+        .build();
+
+var cheese =
+    Product.builder()
+        .name("Cheese")
+        .price(Money.of(USD, 25.0))
+        .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(2))
+        .productDao(productDao)
+        .build();
+
+eggs.save();
+butter.save();
+cheese.save();
+
+// show money balance of customer after each purchase
+tom.showBalance();
+tom.showPurchases();
+
+// buy eggs
+tom.buyProduct(eggs);
+tom.showBalance();
+
+// buy butter
+tom.buyProduct(butter);
+tom.showBalance();
+
+// trying to buy cheese, but receive a refusal
+// because he didn't have enough money
+tom.buyProduct(cheese);
+tom.showBalance();
+
+// return butter and get money back
+tom.returnProduct(butter);
+tom.showBalance();
+
+// Tom can buy cheese now because he has enough money
+// and there is a discount on cheese because it expires in 2 days
+tom.buyProduct(cheese);
+
+tom.save();
+
+// show money balance and purchases after shopping
+tom.showBalance();
+tom.showPurchases();
+```
+
+The program output:
+
+```java
+17:52:28.690 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 30.00
+17:52:28.695 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom didn't bought anything
+17:52:28.699 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom want to buy Eggs($10.00)...
+17:52:28.705 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom bought Eggs!
+17:52:28.705 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 20.00
+17:52:28.705 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom want to buy Butter($20.00)...
+17:52:28.712 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom bought Butter!
+17:52:28.712 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 0.00
+17:52:28.712 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom want to buy Cheese($20.00)...
+17:52:28.712 [main] ERROR com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Not enough money!
+17:52:28.712 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 0.00
+17:52:28.712 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom want to return Butter($20.00)...
+17:52:28.721 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom returned Butter!
+17:52:28.721 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 20.00
+17:52:28.721 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom want to buy Cheese($20.00)...
+17:52:28.726 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom bought Cheese!
+17:52:28.737 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom balance: USD 0.00
+17:52:28.738 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.domainmodel.Customer - Tom bought: Eggs - $10.00, Cheese - $20.00
+```
+
+## Class diagram
+
+![](./etc/domain-model.urm.png "domain model")
+
+## Applicability
+
+Use a Domain model pattern when your domain logic is complex and that complexity can rapidly grow because this pattern handles increasing complexity very well. Otherwise, it's a more complex solution for organizing domain logic, so shouldn't use Domain Model pattern for systems with simple domain logic, because the cost of understanding it and complexity of data source exceeds the benefit of this pattern.
+
+## Related patterns
+
+- [Transaction Script](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/transaction-script/)
+
+- [Table Module](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/table-module/)
+  
+- [Service Layer](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/service-layer/)
+
+## Credits
+
+* [Domain Model Pattern](https://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/domainModel.html)
+* [Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0321127420/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0321127420&linkId=18acc13ba60d66690009505577c45c04)
+* [Architecture patterns: domain model and friends](https://inviqa.com/blog/architecture-patterns-domain-model-and-friends)

domain-model/etc/domain-model.urm.puml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+@startuml
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel {
+  class App {
+    + CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL : String {static}
+    + DELETE_SCHEMA_SQL : String {static}
+    + H2_DB_URL : String {static}
+    + App()
+    - createDataSource() : DataSource {static}
+    - createSchema(dataSource : DataSource) {static}
+    - deleteSchema(dataSource : DataSource) {static}
+    + main(args : String[]) {static}
+  }
+  class Customer {
+    - customerDao : CustomerDao
+    - money : Money
+    - name : String
+    - purchases : List<Product>
+    ~ Customer(customerDao : CustomerDao, purchases : List<Product>, name : String, money : Money)
+    + builder() : CustomerBuilder {static}
+    + buyProduct(product : Product)
+    + getCustomerDao() : CustomerDao
+    + getMoney() : Money
+    + getName() : String
+    + getPurchases() : List<Product>
+    - receiveMoney(amount : Money)
+    + returnProduct(product : Product)
+    + save()
+    + setMoney(money : Money)
+    + setName(name : String)
+    + setPurchases(purchases : List<Product>)
+    + showBalance()
+    + showPurchases()
+    - withdraw(amount : Money)
+  }
+  interface CustomerDao {
+    + addProduct(Product, Customer) {abstract}
+    + deleteProduct(Product, Customer) {abstract}
+    + findByName(String) : Optional<Customer> {abstract}
+    + save(Customer) {abstract}
+    + update(Customer) {abstract}
+  }
+  class CustomerDaoImpl {
+    - dataSource : DataSource
+    + CustomerDaoImpl(userDataSource : DataSource)
+    + addProduct(product : Product, customer : Customer)
+    + deleteProduct(product : Product, customer : Customer)
+    + findByName(name : String) : Optional<Customer>
+    + save(customer : Customer)
+    + update(customer : Customer)
+  }
+  class Product {
+    - expirationDate : LocalDate
+    - name : String
+    - price : Money
+    - productDao : ProductDao
+    + Product(productDao : ProductDao, name : String, price : Money, expirationDate : LocalDate)
+    + builder() : ProductBuilder {static}
+    - calculateDiscount() : Money
+    + getExpirationDate() : LocalDate
+    + getName() : String
+    + getPrice() : Money
+    + getProductDao() : ProductDao
+    + getSalePrice() : Money
+    + save()
+    + setExpirationDate(expirationDate : LocalDate)
+    + setName(name : String)
+    + setPrice(price : Money)
+  }
+  interface ProductDao {
+    + findByName(String) : Optional<Product> {abstract}
+    + save(Product) {abstract}
+    + update(Product) {abstract}
+  }
+  class ProductDaoImpl {
+    - dataSource : DataSource
+    + ProductDaoImpl(userDataSource : DataSource)
+    + findByName(name : String) : Optional<Product>
+    + save(product : Product)
+    + update(product : Product)
+  }
+}
+Product -->  ProductDao
+Customer -->  CustomerDao
+Customer -->  Product
+CustomerDaoImpl ..|> CustomerDao 
+ProductDaoImpl ..|> ProductDao 
+@enduml

domain-model/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+
+    The MIT License
+    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <artifactId>domain-model</artifactId>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.joda</groupId>
+            <artifactId>joda-money</artifactId>
+            <version>1.0.1</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <archive>
+                                <manifest>
+                                    <mainClass>com.iluwatar.domainmodel.App</mainClass>
+                                </manifest>
+                            </archive>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/App.java

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
+import org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource;
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+
+
+/**
+ * Domain Model pattern is a more complex solution for organizing domain logic than Transaction
+ * Script and Table Module. It provides an object-oriented way of dealing with complicated logic.
+ * Instead of having one procedure that handles all business logic for a user action like
+ * Transaction Script there are multiple objects and each of them handles a slice of domain logic
+ * that is relevant to it. The significant difference between Domain Model and Table Module pattern
+ * is that in Table Module a single class encapsulates all the domain logic for all records stored
+ * in table when in Domain Model every single class represents only one record in underlying table.
+ *
+ * <p>In this example, we will use the Domain Model pattern to implement buying of products
+ * by customers in a Shop. The main method will create a customer and a few products.
+ * Customer will do a few purchases, try to buy product which are too expensive for him,
+ * return product which he bought to return money.</p>
+ */
+public class App {
+
+  public static final String H2_DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";
+
+  public static final String CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL =
+      "CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (name varchar primary key, money decimal);"
+          + "CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS (name varchar primary key, price decimal, expiration_date date);"
+          + "CREATE TABLE PURCHASES ("
+          + "product_name varchar references PRODUCTS(name),"
+          + "customer_name varchar references CUSTOMERS(name));";
+
+  public static final String DELETE_SCHEMA_SQL =
+      "DROP TABLE CUSTOMERS IF EXISTS;"
+          + "DROP TABLE PURCHASES IF EXISTS;"
+          + "DROP TABLE PRODUCTS IF EXISTS;";
+
+  /**
+   * Program entry point.
+   *
+   * @param args command line arguments
+   * @throws Exception if any error occurs
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+
+    // Create data source and create the customers, products and purchases tables
+    final var dataSource = createDataSource();
+    deleteSchema(dataSource);
+    createSchema(dataSource);
+
+    // create customer
+    var customerDao = new CustomerDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+    var tom =
+        Customer.builder()
+            .name("Tom")
+            .money(Money.of(USD, 30))
+            .customerDao(customerDao)
+            .build();
+
+    tom.save();
+
+    // create products
+    var productDao = new ProductDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+    var eggs =
+        Product.builder()
+            .name("Eggs")
+            .price(Money.of(USD, 10.0))
+            .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(7))
+            .productDao(productDao)
+            .build();
+
+    var butter =
+        Product.builder()
+            .name("Butter")
+            .price(Money.of(USD, 20.00))
+            .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(9))
+            .productDao(productDao)
+            .build();
+
+    var cheese =
+        Product.builder()
+            .name("Cheese")
+            .price(Money.of(USD, 25.0))
+            .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(2))
+            .productDao(productDao)
+            .build();
+
+    eggs.save();
+    butter.save();
+    cheese.save();
+
+    // show money balance of customer after each purchase
+    tom.showBalance();
+    tom.showPurchases();
+
+    // buy eggs
+    tom.buyProduct(eggs);
+    tom.showBalance();
+
+    // buy butter
+    tom.buyProduct(butter);
+    tom.showBalance();
+
+    // trying to buy cheese, but receive a refusal
+    // because he didn't have enough money
+    tom.buyProduct(cheese);
+    tom.showBalance();
+
+    // return butter and get money back
+    tom.returnProduct(butter);
+    tom.showBalance();
+
+    // Tom can buy cheese now because he has enough money
+    // and there is a discount on cheese because it expires in 2 days
+    tom.buyProduct(cheese);
+
+    tom.save();
+
+    // show money balance and purchases after shopping
+    tom.showBalance();
+    tom.showPurchases();
+  }
+
+  private static DataSource createDataSource() {
+    var dataSource = new JdbcDataSource();
+    dataSource.setUrl(H2_DB_URL);
+    return dataSource;
+  }
+
+  private static void deleteSchema(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+      statement.execute(DELETE_SCHEMA_SQL);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void createSchema(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+      statement.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL);
+    }
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/Customer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.NonNull;
+import lombok.Setter;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+
+/**
+ * This class organizes domain logic of customer.
+ * A single instance of this class
+ * contains both the data and behavior of a single customer.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Builder
+public class Customer {
+
+  @NonNull private final CustomerDao customerDao;
+  @Builder.Default private List<Product> purchases = new ArrayList<>();
+  @NonNull private String name;
+  @NonNull private Money money;
+
+  /**
+   * Save customer or update if customer already exist.
+   */
+  public void save() {
+    try {
+      Optional<Customer> customer = customerDao.findByName(name);
+      if (customer.isPresent()) {
+        customerDao.update(this);
+      } else {
+        customerDao.save(this);
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException ex) {
+      LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add product to purchases, save to db and withdraw money.
+   *
+   * @param product to buy.
+   */
+  public void buyProduct(Product product) {
+    LOGGER.info(
+        String.format(
+            "%s want to buy %s($%.2f)...",
+            name, product.getName(), product.getSalePrice().getAmount()));
+    try {
+      withdraw(product.getSalePrice());
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+      LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      customerDao.addProduct(product, this);
+      purchases.add(product);
+      LOGGER.info(String.format("%s bought %s!", name, product.getName()));
+    } catch (SQLException exception) {
+      receiveMoney(product.getSalePrice());
+      LOGGER.error(exception.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove product from purchases, delete from db and return money.
+   *
+   * @param product to return.
+   */
+  public void returnProduct(Product product) {
+    LOGGER.info(
+        String.format(
+            "%s want to return %s($%.2f)...",
+            name, product.getName(), product.getSalePrice().getAmount()));
+    if (purchases.contains(product)) {
+      try {
+        customerDao.deleteProduct(product, this);
+        purchases.remove(product);
+        receiveMoney(product.getSalePrice());
+        LOGGER.info(String.format("%s returned %s!", name, product.getName()));
+      } catch (SQLException ex) {
+        LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+      }
+    } else {
+      LOGGER.error(String.format("%s didn't buy %s...", name, product.getName()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Print customer's purchases.
+   */
+  public void showPurchases() {
+    Optional<String> purchasesToShow =
+        purchases.stream()
+            .map(p -> p.getName() + " - $" + p.getSalePrice().getAmount())
+            .reduce((p1, p2) -> p1 + ", " + p2);
+
+    if (purchasesToShow.isPresent()) {
+      LOGGER.info(name + " bought: " + purchasesToShow.get());
+    } else {
+      LOGGER.info(name + " didn't bought anything");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Print customer's money balance.
+   */
+  public void showBalance() {
+    LOGGER.info(name + " balance: " + money);
+  }
+
+  private void withdraw(Money amount) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+    if (money.compareTo(amount) < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not enough money!");
+    }
+    money = money.minus(amount);
+  }
+
+  private void receiveMoney(Money amount) {
+    money = money.plus(amount);
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/CustomerDao.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public interface CustomerDao {
+
+  Optional<Customer> findByName(String name) throws SQLException;
+
+  void update(Customer customer) throws SQLException;
+
+  void save(Customer customer) throws SQLException;
+
+  void addProduct(Product product, Customer customer) throws SQLException;
+
+  void deleteProduct(Product product, Customer customer) throws SQLException;
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/CustomerDaoImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+
+public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
+
+  private final DataSource dataSource;
+
+  public CustomerDaoImpl(final DataSource userDataSource) {
+    this.dataSource = userDataSource;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Optional<Customer> findByName(String name) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "select * from CUSTOMERS where name = ?;";
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
+
+      ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
+
+      if (rs.next()) {
+        return Optional.of(
+            Customer.builder()
+                .name(rs.getString("name"))
+                .money(Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("money")))
+                .customerDao(this)
+                .build());
+      } else {
+        return Optional.empty();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void update(Customer customer) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "update CUSTOMERS set money = ? where name = ?;";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setBigDecimal(1, customer.getMoney().getAmount());
+      preparedStatement.setString(2, customer.getName());
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void save(Customer customer) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "insert into CUSTOMERS (name, money) values (?, ?)";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, customer.getName());
+      preparedStatement.setBigDecimal(2, customer.getMoney().getAmount());
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addProduct(Product product, Customer customer) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "insert into PURCHASES (product_name, customer_name) values (?,?)";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, product.getName());
+      preparedStatement.setString(2, customer.getName());
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void deleteProduct(Product product, Customer customer) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "delete from PURCHASES where product_name = ? and customer_name = ?";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, product.getName());
+      preparedStatement.setString(2, customer.getName());
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/Product.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Builder;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.NonNull;
+import lombok.Setter;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+
+/**
+ * This class organizes domain logic of product.
+ * A single instance of this class
+ * contains both the data and behavior of a single product.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Builder
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class Product {
+
+  private static final int DAYS_UNTIL_EXPIRATION_WHEN_DISCOUNT_ACTIVE = 4;
+  private static final double DISCOUNT_RATE = 0.2;
+
+  @NonNull private final ProductDao productDao;
+  @NonNull private String name;
+  @NonNull private Money price;
+  @NonNull private LocalDate expirationDate;
+
+  /**
+   * Save product or update if product already exist.
+   */
+  public void save() {
+    try {
+      Optional<Product> product = productDao.findByName(name);
+      if (product.isPresent()) {
+        productDao.update(this);
+      } else {
+        productDao.save(this);
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException ex) {
+      LOGGER.error(ex.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate sale price of product with discount.
+   */
+  public Money getSalePrice() {
+    return price.minus(calculateDiscount());
+  }
+
+  private Money calculateDiscount() {
+    if (ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(LocalDate.now(), expirationDate)
+            < DAYS_UNTIL_EXPIRATION_WHEN_DISCOUNT_ACTIVE) {
+
+      return price.multipliedBy(DISCOUNT_RATE, RoundingMode.DOWN);
+    }
+
+    return Money.zero(USD);
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/ProductDao.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public interface ProductDao {
+
+  Optional<Product> findByName(String name) throws SQLException;
+
+  void save(Product product) throws SQLException;
+
+  void update(Product product) throws SQLException;
+}

domain-model/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/ProductDaoImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+
+import java.sql.Date;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+
+
+public class ProductDaoImpl implements ProductDao {
+
+  private final DataSource dataSource;
+
+  public ProductDaoImpl(final DataSource userDataSource) {
+    this.dataSource = userDataSource;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Optional<Product> findByName(String name) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "select * from PRODUCTS where name = ?;";
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, name);
+
+      ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
+
+      if (rs.next()) {
+        return Optional.of(
+            Product.builder()
+                .name(rs.getString("name"))
+                .price(Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("price")))
+                .expirationDate(rs.getDate("expiration_date").toLocalDate())
+                .productDao(this)
+                .build());
+      } else {
+        return Optional.empty();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void save(Product product) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "insert into PRODUCTS (name, price, expiration_date) values (?, ?, ?)";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setString(1, product.getName());
+      preparedStatement.setBigDecimal(2, product.getPrice().getAmount());
+      preparedStatement.setDate(3, Date.valueOf(product.getExpirationDate()));
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void update(Product product) throws SQLException {
+    var sql = "update PRODUCTS set price = ?, expiration_date = ? where name = ?;";
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+      preparedStatement.setBigDecimal(1, product.getPrice().getAmount());
+      preparedStatement.setDate(2, Date.valueOf(product.getExpirationDate()));
+      preparedStatement.setString(3, product.getName());
+      preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/AppTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
+/** Tests that Domain Model example runs without errors. */
+final class AppTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldExecuteApplicationWithoutException() {
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[] {}));
+  }
+
+}

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/CustomerDaoImplTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit;
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class CustomerDaoImplTest {
+
+  public static final String INSERT_CUSTOMER_SQL = "insert into CUSTOMERS values('customer', 100)";
+  public static final String SELECT_CUSTOMERS_SQL = "select name, money from CUSTOMERS";
+  public static final String INSERT_PURCHASES_SQL =
+      "insert into PURCHASES values('product', 'customer')";
+  public static final String SELECT_PURCHASES_SQL =
+      "select product_name, customer_name from PURCHASES";
+
+  private DataSource dataSource;
+  private Product product;
+  private Customer customer;
+  private CustomerDao customerDao;
+
+  @BeforeEach
+  void setUp() throws SQLException {
+    // create db schema
+    dataSource = TestUtils.createDataSource();
+
+    TestUtils.deleteSchema(dataSource);
+    TestUtils.createSchema(dataSource);
+
+    // setup objects
+    customerDao = new CustomerDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+    customer = Customer.builder().name("customer").money(Money.of(CurrencyUnit.USD,100.0)).customerDao(customerDao).build();
+
+    product =
+        Product.builder()
+            .name("product")
+            .price(Money.of(USD, 100.0))
+            .expirationDate(LocalDate.parse("2021-06-27"))
+            .productDao(new ProductDaoImpl(dataSource))
+            .build();
+  }
+
+  @AfterEach
+  void tearDown() throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.deleteSchema(dataSource);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldFindCustomerByName() throws SQLException {
+    var customer = customerDao.findByName("customer");
+
+    assertTrue(customer.isEmpty());
+
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_CUSTOMER_SQL, dataSource);
+
+    customer = customerDao.findByName("customer");
+
+    assertTrue(customer.isPresent());
+    assertEquals("customer", customer.get().getName());
+    assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 100), customer.get().getMoney());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldSaveCustomer() throws SQLException {
+    customerDao.save(customer);
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement();
+        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_CUSTOMERS_SQL)) {
+
+      assertTrue(rs.next());
+      assertEquals(customer.getName(), rs.getString("name"));
+      assertEquals(customer.getMoney(), Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("money")));
+    }
+
+    assertThrows(SQLException.class, () -> customerDao.save(customer));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldUpdateCustomer() throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_CUSTOMER_SQL, dataSource);
+
+    customer.setMoney(Money.of(CurrencyUnit.USD, 99));
+
+    customerDao.update(customer);
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement();
+        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_CUSTOMERS_SQL)) {
+
+      assertTrue(rs.next());
+      assertEquals(customer.getName(), rs.getString("name"));
+      assertEquals(customer.getMoney(), Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("money")));
+      assertFalse(rs.next());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldAddProductToPurchases() throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_CUSTOMER_SQL, dataSource);
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(ProductDaoImplTest.INSERT_PRODUCT_SQL, dataSource);
+
+    customerDao.addProduct(product, customer);
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement();
+        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_PURCHASES_SQL)) {
+
+      assertTrue(rs.next());
+      assertEquals(product.getName(), rs.getString("product_name"));
+      assertEquals(customer.getName(), rs.getString("customer_name"));
+      assertFalse(rs.next());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldDeleteProductFromPurchases() throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_CUSTOMER_SQL, dataSource);
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(ProductDaoImplTest.INSERT_PRODUCT_SQL, dataSource);
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_PURCHASES_SQL, dataSource);
+
+    customerDao.deleteProduct(product, customer);
+
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement();
+        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_PURCHASES_SQL)) {
+
+      assertFalse(rs.next());
+    }
+  }
+}

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/CustomerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit;
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+class CustomerTest {
+
+    private CustomerDao customerDao;
+    private Customer customer;
+    private Product product;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        customerDao = mock(CustomerDao.class);
+
+        customer = Customer.builder()
+                .name("customer")
+                .money(Money.of(CurrencyUnit.USD, 100.0))
+                .customerDao(customerDao)
+                .build();
+
+        product = Product.builder()
+                .name("product")
+                .price(Money.of(USD, 100.0))
+                .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(10))
+                .productDao(mock(ProductDao.class))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldSaveCustomer() throws SQLException {
+        when(customerDao.findByName("customer")).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
+
+        customer.save();
+
+        verify(customerDao, times(1)).save(customer);
+
+        when(customerDao.findByName("customer")).thenReturn(Optional.of(customer));
+
+        customer.save();
+
+        verify(customerDao, times(1)).update(customer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldAddProductToPurchases() {
+        product.setPrice(Money.of(USD, 200.0));
+
+        customer.buyProduct(product);
+
+        assertEquals(customer.getPurchases(), new ArrayList<>());
+        assertEquals(customer.getMoney(), Money.of(USD,100));
+
+        product.setPrice(Money.of(USD, 100.0));
+
+        customer.buyProduct(product);
+
+        assertEquals(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(product)), customer.getPurchases());
+        assertEquals(Money.zero(USD), customer.getMoney());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldRemoveProductFromPurchases() {
+        customer.setPurchases(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(product)));
+
+        customer.returnProduct(product);
+
+        assertEquals(new ArrayList<>(), customer.getPurchases());
+        assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 200), customer.getMoney());
+
+        customer.returnProduct(product);
+
+        assertEquals(new ArrayList<>(), customer.getPurchases());
+        assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 200), customer.getMoney());
+    }
+}
+

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/ProductDaoImplTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class ProductDaoImplTest {
+
+    public static final String INSERT_PRODUCT_SQL =
+            "insert into PRODUCTS values('product', 100, DATE '2021-06-27')";
+    public static final String SELECT_PRODUCTS_SQL =
+            "select name, price, expiration_date from PRODUCTS";
+
+    private DataSource dataSource;
+    private ProductDao productDao;
+    private Product product;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws SQLException {
+        // create schema
+        dataSource = TestUtils.createDataSource();
+
+        TestUtils.deleteSchema(dataSource);
+        TestUtils.createSchema(dataSource);
+
+        // setup objects
+        productDao = new ProductDaoImpl(dataSource);
+
+        product =
+                Product.builder()
+                        .name("product")
+                        .price(Money.of(USD, 100.0))
+                        .expirationDate(LocalDate.parse("2021-06-27"))
+                        .productDao(productDao)
+                        .build();
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() throws SQLException {
+        TestUtils.deleteSchema(dataSource);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldFindProductByName() throws SQLException {
+        var product = productDao.findByName("product");
+
+        assertTrue(product.isEmpty());
+
+        TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_PRODUCT_SQL, dataSource);
+
+        product = productDao.findByName("product");
+
+        assertTrue(product.isPresent());
+        assertEquals("product", product.get().getName());
+        assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 100), product.get().getPrice());
+        assertEquals(LocalDate.parse("2021-06-27"), product.get().getExpirationDate());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldSaveProduct() throws SQLException {
+
+        productDao.save(product);
+
+        try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+             var statement = connection.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_PRODUCTS_SQL)) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(product.getName(), rs.getString("name"));
+            assertEquals(product.getPrice(), Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("price")));
+            assertEquals(product.getExpirationDate(), rs.getDate("expiration_date").toLocalDate());
+        }
+
+        assertThrows(SQLException.class, () -> productDao.save(product));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldUpdateProduct() throws SQLException {
+        TestUtils.executeSQL(INSERT_PRODUCT_SQL, dataSource);
+
+        product.setPrice(Money.of(USD, 99.0));
+
+        productDao.update(product);
+
+        try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+             var statement = connection.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(SELECT_PRODUCTS_SQL)) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(product.getName(), rs.getString("name"));
+            assertEquals(product.getPrice(), Money.of(USD, rs.getBigDecimal("price")));
+            assertEquals(product.getExpirationDate(), rs.getDate("expiration_date").toLocalDate());
+        }
+    }
+}

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/ProductTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.joda.money.Money;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit.USD;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+class ProductTest {
+
+    private ProductDao productDao;
+    private Product product;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        productDao = mock(ProductDaoImpl.class);
+
+        product = Product.builder()
+                .name("product")
+                .price(Money.of(USD, 100.0))
+                .expirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(10))
+                .productDao(productDao)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldSaveProduct() throws SQLException {
+        when(productDao.findByName("product")).thenReturn(Optional.empty());
+
+        product.save();
+
+        verify(productDao, times(1)).save(product);
+
+        when(productDao.findByName("product")).thenReturn(Optional.of(product));
+
+        product.save();
+
+        verify(productDao, times(1)).update(product);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldGetSalePriceOfProduct() {
+        assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 100), product.getSalePrice());
+
+        product.setExpirationDate(LocalDate.now().plusDays(2));
+
+        assertEquals(Money.of(USD, 80), product.getSalePrice());
+    }
+}

domain-model/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/domainmodel/TestUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.domainmodel;
+
+import org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+
+public class TestUtils {
+
+  public static void executeSQL( String sql, DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
+    try (var connection = dataSource.getConnection();
+        var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
+      statement.executeUpdate(sql);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void createSchema(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(App.CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL, dataSource);
+  }
+
+  public static void deleteSchema(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
+    TestUtils.executeSQL(App.DELETE_SCHEMA_SQL, dataSource);
+  }
+
+  public static DataSource createDataSource() {
+    var dataSource = new JdbcDataSource();
+    dataSource.setURL(App.H2_DB_URL);
+    return dataSource;
+  }
+}

event-driven-architecture/README.md

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ Use an Event-driven architecture when
 
 ## Real world examples
 
-* SendGrid, an email API, sends events whenever an email is processed, delivered, opened etc... (https://sendgrid.com/docs/API_Reference/Webhooks/event.html)
 * Chargify, a billing API, exposes payment activity through various events (https://docs.chargify.com/api-events)
 * Amazon's AWS Lambda, lets you execute code in response to events such as changes to Amazon S3 buckets, updates to an Amazon DynamoDB table, or custom events generated by your applications or devices. (https://aws.amazon.com/lambda)
 * MySQL runs triggers based on events such as inserts and update events happening on database tables.
@@ -32,6 +31,6 @@ Use an Event-driven architecture when
 ## Credits
 
 * [Event-driven architecture - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_architecture)
-* [Fundamental Components of an Event-Driven Architecture](http://giocc.com/fundamental-components-of-an-event-driven-architecture.html)
+* [What is an Event-Driven Architecture](https://aws.amazon.com/event-driven-architecture/)
 * [Real World Applications/Event Driven Applications](https://wiki.haskell.org/Real_World_Applications/Event_Driven_Applications)
 * [Event-driven architecture definition](http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/event-driven-architecture)

facade/README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > How does a goldmine work? "Well, the miners go down there and dig gold!" you say. That is what you 
 > believe because you are using a simple interface that goldmine provides on the outside, internally 

factory-method/README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ categories: Creational
 language: en
 tags:
  - Extensibility
- - Gang Of Four
+ - Gang of Four
 ---
 
 ## Also known as
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Blacksmith manufactures weapons. Elves require Elvish weapons and orcs require Orcish weapons. 
 > Depending on the customer at hand the right type of blacksmith is summoned.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 
  **Programmatic Example**
 
-Taking our blacksmith example above. First of all we have a `Blacksmith` interface and some 
+Taking our blacksmith example above. First of all, we have a `Blacksmith` interface and some 
 implementations for it:
 
 ```java
@@ -65,15 +65,25 @@ When the customers come, the correct type of blacksmith is summoned and requeste
 manufactured:
 
 ```java
-var blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
-blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
-blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
+Blacksmith blacksmith = new OrcBlacksmith();
+Weapon weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
+LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
+weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
+LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
+
+blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
+weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
+LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
+weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
+LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
 ```
 
 Program output:
-```java
-// Elven spear
-// Elven axe
+```
+The orc blacksmith manufactured an orcish spear
+The orc blacksmith manufactured an orcish axe
+The elf blacksmith manufactured an elven spear
+The elf blacksmith manufactured an elven axe
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
@@ -89,7 +99,7 @@ Use the Factory Method pattern when:
 * Classes delegate responsibility to one of several helper subclasses, and you want to localize the 
 knowledge of which helper subclass is the delegate.
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Calendar](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Calendar.html#getInstance--)
 * [java.util.ResourceBundle](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html#getBundle-java.lang.String-)

factory-method/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/method/App.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.factory.method;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 
 /**
- * The Factory Method is a creational design pattern which uses factory methods to deal with the
+ * The Factory Method is a creational design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the
  * problem of creating objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.
  * This is done by creating objects via calling a factory method either specified in an interface
  * and implemented by child classes, or implemented in a base class and optionally overridden by
@@ -41,39 +41,22 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 @Slf4j
 public class App {
 
-  private final Blacksmith blacksmith;
-
-  /**
-   * Creates an instance of <code>App</code> which will use <code>blacksmith</code> to manufacture 
-   * the weapons for war.
-   * <code>App</code> is unaware which concrete implementation of {@link Blacksmith} it is using.
-   * The decision of which blacksmith implementation to use may depend on configuration, or
-   * the type of rival in war.
-   * @param blacksmith a non-null implementation of blacksmith
-   */
-  public App(Blacksmith blacksmith) {
-    this.blacksmith = blacksmith;
-  }
-
   /**
    * Program entry point.
-   *
    * @param args command line args
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    // Lets go to war with Orc weapons
-    var app = new App(new OrcBlacksmith());
-    app.manufactureWeapons();
 
-    // Lets go to war with Elf weapons
-    app = new App(new ElfBlacksmith());
-    app.manufactureWeapons();
-  }
-
-  private void manufactureWeapons() {
-    var weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
-    LOGGER.info(weapon.toString());
+    Blacksmith blacksmith = new OrcBlacksmith();
+    Weapon weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
+    LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
     weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
-    LOGGER.info(weapon.toString());
+    LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
+
+    blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
+    weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
+    LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
+    weapon = blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
+    LOGGER.info("{} manufactured {}", blacksmith, weapon);
   }
 }

factory-method/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/method/ElfBlacksmith.java

@@ -44,4 +44,8 @@ public class ElfBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
     return ELFARSENAL.get(weaponType);
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "The elf blacksmith";
+  }
 }

factory-method/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/method/ElfWeapon.java

@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ public class ElfWeapon implements Weapon {
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
-    return "Elven " + weaponType;
+    return "an elven " + weaponType;
   }
 }

factory-method/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/method/OrcBlacksmith.java

@@ -43,4 +43,9 @@ public class OrcBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
   public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
     return ORCARSENAL.get(weaponType);
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "The orc blacksmith";
+  }
 }

factory-method/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/method/OrcWeapon.java

@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ public class OrcWeapon implements Weapon {
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
-    return "Orcish " + weaponType;
+    return "an orcish " + weaponType;
   }
 }

factory/README.md

@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ tags:
 
 ## Intent
 
-Providing a static method encapsulated in a class called factory, in order to hide the 
-implementation logic and makes client code focus on usage rather then initialization new objects.
+Providing a static method encapsulated in a class called the factory, to hide the implementation 
+logic and make client code focus on usage rather than initializing new objects.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
-> Lets say we have a web application connected to SQLServer, but now we want to switch to Oracle. To 
-> do so without modifying existing source code, we need to implements Simple Factory pattern, in 
-> which a static method can be invoked to create connection to a given database.
+> Imagine an alchemist who is about to manufacture coins. The alchemist must be able to create both 
+> gold and copper coins and switching between them must be possible without modifying the existing 
+> source code. The factory pattern makes it possible by providing a static construction method which 
+> can be called with relevant parameters.
 
 Wikipedia says
 
@@ -34,16 +35,16 @@ Wikipedia says
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-We have an interface `Car` and two implementations `Ford` and `Ferrari`.
+We have an interface `Coin` and two implementations `GoldCoin` and `CopperCoin`.
 
 ```java
-public interface Car {
+public interface Coin {
   String getDescription();
 }
 
-public class Ford implements Car {
+public class GoldCoin implements Coin {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ford.";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is a gold coin.";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ public class Ford implements Car {
   }
 }
 
-public class Ferrari implements Car {
+public class CopperCoin implements Coin {
    
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ferrari.";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is a copper coin.";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {
@@ -62,51 +63,48 @@ public class Ferrari implements Car {
 }
 ```
 
-Enumeration above represents types of cars that we support (`Ford` and `Ferrari`).
+Enumeration above represents types of coins that we support (`GoldCoin` and `CopperCoin`).
 
 ```java
-public enum CarType {
-  
-  FORD(Ford::new), 
-  FERRARI(Ferrari::new);
-  
-  private final Supplier<Car> constructor; 
-  
-  CarType(Supplier<Car> constructor) {
-    this.constructor = constructor;
-  }
-  
-  public Supplier<Car> getConstructor() {
-    return this.constructor;
-  }
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+@Getter
+public enum CoinType {
+
+  COPPER(CopperCoin::new),
+  GOLD(GoldCoin::new);
+
+  private final Supplier<Coin> constructor;
 }
 ```
-Then we have the static method `getCar` to create car objects encapsulated in the factory class 
-`CarsFactory`.
+
+Then we have the static method `getCoin` to create coin objects encapsulated in the factory class 
+`CoinFactory`.
 
 ```java
-public class CarsFactory {
-  
-  public static Car getCar(CarType type) {
+public class CoinFactory {
+
+  public static Coin getCoin(CoinType type) {
     return type.getConstructor().get();
   }
 }
 ```
 
-Now on the client code we can create different types of cars using the factory class.
+Now on the client code we can create different types of coins using the factory class.
 
 ```java
-var car1 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FORD);
-var car2 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FERRARI);
-LOGGER.info(car1.getDescription());
-LOGGER.info(car2.getDescription());
+LOGGER.info("The alchemist begins his work.");
+var coin1 = CoinFactory.getCoin(CoinType.COPPER);
+var coin2 = CoinFactory.getCoin(CoinType.GOLD);
+LOGGER.info(coin1.getDescription());
+LOGGER.info(coin2.getDescription());
 ```
 
 Program output:
 
 ```java
-This is Ford.
-This is Ferrari.
+The alchemist begins his work.
+This is a copper coin.
+This is a gold coin.
 ```
 
 ## Class Diagram
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ This is Ferrari.
 
 ## Applicability
 
-Use the Simple Factory pattern when you only care about the creation of a object, not how to create 
+Use the factory pattern when you only care about the creation of a object, not how to create 
 and manage it.
 
 Pros
@@ -127,13 +125,13 @@ Cons
 
 * The code becomes more complicated than it should be. 
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Calendar#getInstance()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Calendar.html#getInstance--)
 * [java.util.ResourceBundle#getBundle()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html#getBundle-java.lang.String-)
 * [java.text.NumberFormat#getInstance()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html#getInstance--)
 * [java.nio.charset.Charset#forName()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/charset/Charset.html#forName-java.lang.String-)
-* [java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(String)](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLStreamHandlerFactory.html) (Returns different singleton objects, depending on a protocol)
+* [java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(String)](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLStreamHandlerFactory.html) (returns different singleton objects, depending on a protocol)
 * [java.util.EnumSet#of()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/EnumSet.html#of(E))
 * [javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext#createMarshaller()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/JAXBContext.html#createMarshaller--) and other similar methods.
 

factory/etc/factory.urm.puml

@@ -5,31 +5,32 @@ package com.iluwatar.factory {
     + App()
     + main(args : String[]) {static}
   }
-  interface Car {
+  interface Coin {
     + getDescription() : String {abstract}
   }
-  class CarsFactory {
-    + CarsFactory()
-    + getCar(type : CarType) : Car {static}
+  class CoinFactory {
+    + CoinFactory()
+    + getCoin(type : CoinType) : Coin {static}
   }
-  ~enum CarType {
-    + FERRARI {static}
-    + FORD {static}
-    + valueOf(name : String) : CarType {static}
-    + values() : CarType[] {static}
+  enum CoinType {
+    + COPPER {static}
+    + GOLD {static}
+    - constructor : Supplier<Coin>
+    + getConstructor() : Supplier<Coin>
+    + valueOf(name : String) : CoinType {static}
+    + values() : CoinType[] {static}
   }
-  class Ferrari {
+  class CopperCoin {
     ~ DESCRIPTION : String {static}
-    + Ferrari()
+    + CopperCoin()
     + getDescription() : String
   }
-  class Ford {
+  class GoldCoin {
     ~ DESCRIPTION : String {static}
-    + Ford()
+    + GoldCoin()
     + getDescription() : String
   }
 }
-CarType ..+ CarsFactory
-Ferrari ..|> Car 
-Ford ..|> Car 
+CopperCoin ..|> Coin 
+GoldCoin ..|> Coin 
 @enduml

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/App.java

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  * create and return objects of varying classes, in order to hide the implementation logic 
  * and makes client code focus on usage rather then objects initialization and management.
  *
- * <p>In this example the CarFactory is the factory class and it provides a static method to 
- * create different cars.
+ * <p>In this example an alchemist manufactures coins. CoinFactory is the factory class and it
+ * provides a static method to create different types of coins.
  */
 
 @Slf4j
@@ -41,9 +41,10 @@ public class App {
    * Program main entry point.
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    var car1 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FORD);
-    var car2 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FERRARI);
-    LOGGER.info(car1.getDescription());
-    LOGGER.info(car2.getDescription());
+    LOGGER.info("The alchemist begins his work.");
+    var coin1 = CoinFactory.getCoin(CoinType.COPPER);
+    var coin2 = CoinFactory.getCoin(CoinType.GOLD);
+    LOGGER.info(coin1.getDescription());
+    LOGGER.info(coin2.getDescription());
   }
 }

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/Coin.java

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@
 package com.iluwatar.factory;
 
 /**
- * Car interface.
+ * Coin interface.
  */
-public interface Car {
+public interface Coin {
 
   String getDescription();
 

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/CoinFactory.java

@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@
 package com.iluwatar.factory;
 
 /**
- * Factory of cars.
+ * Factory of coins.
  */
-public class CarsFactory {
+public class CoinFactory {
 
   /**
-   * Factory method takes as parameter a car type and initiate the appropriate class.
+   * Factory method takes as a parameter the coin type and calls the appropriate class.
    */
-  public static Car getCar(CarType type) {
+  public static Coin getCoin(CoinType type) {
     return type.getConstructor().get();
   }
 }

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/CoinType.java

@@ -28,15 +28,14 @@ import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 
 /**
- * Enumeration for different types of cars.
+ * Enumeration for different types of coins.
  */
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 @Getter
-public enum CarType {
+public enum CoinType {
 
-  FORD(Ford::new),
-  FERRARI(Ferrari::new);
-
-  private final Supplier<Car> constructor;
+  COPPER(CopperCoin::new),
+  GOLD(GoldCoin::new);
 
+  private final Supplier<Coin> constructor;
 }

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/CopperCoin.java

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 package com.iluwatar.factory;
 
 /**
- * Ford implementation.
+ * CopperCoin implementation.
  */
-public class Ford implements Car {
+public class CopperCoin implements Coin {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ford.";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is a copper coin.";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/factory/GoldCoin.java

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@
 package com.iluwatar.factory;
 
 /**
- * Ferrari implementation.
+ * GoldCoin implementation.
  */
-public class Ferrari implements Car {
+public class GoldCoin implements Coin {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ferrari.";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is a gold coin.";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/factory/CoinFactoryTest.java

@@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-class CarsFactoryTest {
+class CoinFactoryTest {
 
   @Test
-  void shouldReturnFerrariInstance() {
-    final var ferrari = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FERRARI);
-    assertTrue(ferrari instanceof Ferrari);
+  void shouldReturnGoldCoinInstance() {
+    final var goldCoin = CoinFactory.getCoin(CoinType.GOLD);
+    assertTrue(goldCoin instanceof GoldCoin);
   }
-
 }

fanout-fanin/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+layout: pattern
+title: Fan-Out/Fan-In
+folder: fanout-fanin
+permalink: /patterns/fanout-fanin/
+categories: Integration
+language: en
+tags:
+- Microservices
+---
+
+## Intent
+The pattern is used when a source system needs to run one or more long-running processes that will fetch some data. 
+The source will not block itself waiting for the reply. <br> The pattern will run the same function in multiple 
+services or machines to fetch the data. This is equivalent to invoking the function multiple times on different chunks of data.  
+
+## Explanation
+The FanOut/FanIn service will take in a list of requests and a consumer. Each request might complete at a different time.
+FanOut/FanIn service will accept the input params and returns the initial system an ID to acknowledge that the pattern
+service has received the requests. Now the caller will not wait or expect the result in the same connection. 
+
+Meanwhile, the pattern service will invoke the requests that have come. The requests might complete at different time. 
+These requests will be processed in different instances of the same function in different machines or services. As the 
+requests get completed, a callback service everytime is called that transforms the result into a common single object format
+that gets pushed to a consumer. The caller will be at the other end of the consumer receiving the result.
+
+**Programmatic Example**
+
+The implementation provided has a list of numbers and end goal is to square the numbers and add them to a single result.
+`FanOutFanIn` class receives the list of numbers in the form of list of `SquareNumberRequest` and a `Consumer` instance 
+that collects the results as the requests get over. `SquareNumberRequest` will square the number with a random delay
+to give the impression of a long-running process that can complete at any time. `Consumer` instance will add the results from
+different `SquareNumberRequest` that will come random time instances. 
+
+Let's look at `FanOutFanIn` class that fans out the requests in async processes. 
+
+```java
+public class FanOutFanIn {
+  public static Long fanOutFanIn(
+      final List<SquareNumberRequest> requests, final Consumer consumer) {
+
+    ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(requests.size());
+
+    // fanning out
+    List<CompletableFuture<Void>> futures =
+        requests.stream()
+            .map(
+                request ->
+                    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> request.delayedSquaring(consumer), service))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0])).join();
+
+    return consumer.getSumOfSquaredNumbers().get();
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`Consumer` is used a callback class that will be called when a request is completed. This will aggregate
+the result from all requests.
+
+```java
+public class Consumer {
+
+  private final AtomicLong sumOfSquaredNumbers;
+
+  Consumer(Long init) {
+    sumOfSquaredNumbers = new AtomicLong(init);
+  }
+
+  public Long add(final Long num) {
+    return sumOfSquaredNumbers.addAndGet(num);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Request is represented as a `SquareNumberRequest` that squares the number with random delay and calls the 
+`Consumer` once it is squared.
+
+```java
+public class SquareNumberRequest {
+
+  private final Long number;
+  public void delayedSquaring(final Consumer consumer) {
+
+    var minTimeOut = 5000L;
+
+    SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
+    var randomTimeOut = secureRandom.nextInt(2000);
+
+    try {
+      // this will make the thread sleep from 5-7s.
+      Thread.sleep(minTimeOut + randomTimeOut);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      LOGGER.error("Exception while sleep ", e);
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+    } finally {
+      consumer.add(number * number);
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Class diagram
+![alt-text](./etc/fanout-fanin.png)
+
+## Applicability
+
+Use this pattern when you can divide the workload into multiple chunks that can be dealt with separately.
+
+## Related patterns
+
+* [Aggregator Microservices](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/aggregator-microservices/)
+* [API Gateway](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/api-gateway/)
+
+## Credits
+
+* [Understanding Azure Durable Functions - Part 8: The Fan Out/Fan In Pattern](http://dontcodetired.com/blog/post/Understanding-Azure-Durable-Functions-Part-8-The-Fan-OutFan-In-Pattern)
+* [Fan-out/fan-in scenario in Durable Functions - Cloud backup example](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/durable/durable-functions-cloud-backup)
+* [Understanding the Fan-Out/Fan-In API Integration Pattern](https://dzone.com/articles/understanding-the-fan-out-fan-in-api-integration-p)

fanout-fanin/etc/fanout-fanin.urm.puml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+@startuml
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin {
+  class App {
+    - LOGGER : Logger {static}
+    + App()
+    + main(args : String[]) {static}
+  }
+  class Consumer {
+    - sumOfSquaredNumbers : AtomicLong
+    ~ Consumer(init : Long)
+    + add(num : Long) : Long
+    + getSumOfSquaredNumbers() : AtomicLong
+  }
+  class FanOutFanIn {
+    + FanOutFanIn()
+    + fanOutFanIn(requests : List<SquareNumberRequest>, consumer : Consumer) : Long {static}
+  }
+  class SquareNumberRequest {
+    - LOGGER : Logger {static}
+    - number : Long
+    + SquareNumberRequest(number : Long)
+    + delayedSquaring(consumer : Consumer)
+  }
+
+  object SquareNumberRequest1
+  object SquareNumberRequest2
+  object SquareNumberRequest3
+  diamond dia
+}
+
+App --> FanOutFanIn
+FanOutFanIn --> "fan out - running in parallel" SquareNumberRequest1
+FanOutFanIn --> "fan out" SquareNumberRequest2
+FanOutFanIn --> "fan out" SquareNumberRequest3
+SquareNumberRequest1 --> "fan in - aggregate using callback" dia
+SquareNumberRequest2 --> "fan in" dia
+SquareNumberRequest3 --> "fan in" dia
+dia --> Consumer
+@enduml

fanout-fanin/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+
+    The MIT License (MIT)
+
+    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+    Module Model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework
+    ZK framework is licensed under LGPL and the license can be found at lgpl-3.0.txt
+
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <artifactId>fanout-fanin</artifactId>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <archive>
+                                <manifest>
+                                    <mainClass>com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin.App</mainClass>
+                                </manifest>
+                            </archive>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

fanout-fanin/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/App.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+
+
+/**
+ * FanOut/FanIn pattern is a concurrency pattern that refers to executing multiple instances of the
+ * activity function concurrently. The "fan out" part is essentially splitting the data into
+ * multiple chunks and then calling the activity function multiple times, passing the chunks.
+ *
+ * <p>When each chunk has been processed, the "fan in" takes place that aggregates results from each
+ * instance of function and forms a single final result.
+ *
+ * <p>This pattern is only really useful if you can “chunk” the workload in a meaningful way for
+ * splitting up to be processed in parallel.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class App {
+
+  /**
+   * Entry point.
+   *
+   * <p>Implementation provided has a list of numbers that has to be squared and added. The list can
+   * be chunked in any way and the "activity function" {@link
+   * SquareNumberRequest#delayedSquaring(Consumer)} i.e. squaring the number ca be done
+   * concurrently. The "fan in" part is handled by the {@link Consumer} that takes in the result
+   * from each instance of activity and aggregates it whenever that particular activity function
+   * gets over.
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    final List<Long> numbers = Arrays.asList(1L, 3L, 4L, 7L, 8L);
+
+    LOGGER.info("Numbers to be squared and get sum --> {}", numbers);
+
+    final List<SquareNumberRequest> requests =
+        numbers.stream().map(SquareNumberRequest::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    var consumer = new Consumer(0L);
+
+    // Pass the request and the consumer to fanOutFanIn or sometimes referred as Orchestrator
+    // function
+    final Long sumOfSquaredNumbers = FanOutFanIn.fanOutFanIn(requests, consumer);
+
+    LOGGER.info("Sum of all squared numbers --> {}", sumOfSquaredNumbers);
+  }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/Consumer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Consumer or callback class that will be called everytime a request is complete This will
+ * aggregate individual result to form a final result.
+ */
+@Getter
+public class Consumer {
+
+  private final AtomicLong sumOfSquaredNumbers;
+
+  Consumer(Long init) {
+    sumOfSquaredNumbers = new AtomicLong(init);
+  }
+
+  public Long add(final Long num) {
+    return sumOfSquaredNumbers.addAndGet(num);
+  }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/FanOutFanIn.java

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * FanOutFanIn class processes long running requests, when any of the processes gets over, result is
+ * passed over to the consumer or the callback function. Consumer will aggregate the results as they
+ * keep on completing.
+ */
+public class FanOutFanIn {
+
+  /**
+   * the main fanOutFanIn function or orchestrator function.
+   * @param requests List of numbers that need to be squared and summed up
+   * @param consumer Takes in the squared number from {@link SquareNumberRequest} and sums it up
+   * @return Aggregated sum of all squared numbers.
+   */
+  public static Long fanOutFanIn(
+      final List<SquareNumberRequest> requests, final Consumer consumer) {
+
+    ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(requests.size());
+
+    // fanning out
+    List<CompletableFuture<Void>> futures =
+        requests.stream()
+            .map(
+                request ->
+                    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> request.delayedSquaring(consumer), service))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    CompletableFuture.allOf(futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[0])).join();
+
+    return consumer.getSumOfSquaredNumbers().get();
+  }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/SquareNumberRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+/**
+ * Squares the number with a little timeout to give impression of long running process that return
+ * at different times.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class SquareNumberRequest {
+
+  private final Long number;
+
+  /**
+   * Squares the number with a little timeout to give impression of long running process that return
+   * at different times.
+   * @param consumer callback class that takes the result after the delay.
+   * */
+  public void delayedSquaring(final Consumer consumer) {
+
+    var minTimeOut = 5000L;
+
+    SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
+    var randomTimeOut = secureRandom.nextInt(2000);
+
+    try {
+      // this will make the thread sleep from 5-7s.
+      Thread.sleep(minTimeOut + randomTimeOut);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      LOGGER.error("Exception while sleep ", e);
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+    } finally {
+      consumer.add(number * number);
+    }
+  }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/AppTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
+class AppTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldLaunchApp() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
+    }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/FanOutFanInTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+class FanOutFanInTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void fanOutFanInTest() {
+    final List<Long> numbers = Arrays.asList(1L, 3L, 4L, 7L, 8L);
+
+    final List<SquareNumberRequest> requests =
+        numbers.stream().map(SquareNumberRequest::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    final Consumer consumer = new Consumer(0L);
+
+    final Long sumOfSquaredNumbers = FanOutFanIn.fanOutFanIn(requests, consumer);
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(139, sumOfSquaredNumbers);
+  }
+}

fanout-fanin/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/fanout/fanin/SquareNumberRequestTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.fanout.fanin;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class SquareNumberRequestTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void delayedSquaringTest() {
+    Consumer consumer = new Consumer(10L);
+
+    SquareNumberRequest squareNumberRequest = new SquareNumberRequest(5L);
+
+    squareNumberRequest.delayedSquaring(consumer);
+
+    Assertions.assertEquals(35, consumer.getSumOfSquaredNumbers().get());
+  }
+}

filterer/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/filterer/AppTest.java

@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@
 
 package com.iluwatar.filterer;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class AppTest {
+
   @Test
   void shouldLaunchApp() {
-    App.main(new String[]{});
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
   }
 }

flyweight/README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ permalink: /patterns/flyweight/
 categories: Structural
 language: en
 tags:
- - Gang Of Four
+ - Gang of Four
  - Performance
 ---
 
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ Use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Alchemist's shop has shelves full of magic potions. Many of the potions are the same so there is 
-> no need to create new object for each of them. Instead one object instance can represent multiple 
-> shelf items so memory footprint remains small.
+> no need to create a new object for each of them. Instead, one object instance can represent 
+> multiple shelf items so the memory footprint remains small.
 
 In plain words
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 
 **Programmatic example**
 
-Translating our alchemist shop example from above. First of all we have different potion types:
+Translating our alchemist shop example from above. First of all, we have different potion types:
 
 ```java
 public interface Potion {
@@ -104,27 +104,81 @@ public class PotionFactory {
 }
 ```
 
-And it can be used as below:
+`AlchemistShop` contains two shelves of magic potions. The potions are created using the
+aforementioned `PotionFactory`.
 
 ```java
-var factory = new PotionFactory();
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.INVISIBILITY).drink(); // You become invisible. (Potion=6566818)
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.HEALING).drink(); // You feel healed. (Potion=648129364)
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.INVISIBILITY).drink(); // You become invisible. (Potion=6566818)
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.HOLY_WATER).drink(); // You feel blessed. (Potion=1104106489)
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.HOLY_WATER).drink(); // You feel blessed. (Potion=1104106489)
-factory.createPotion(PotionType.HEALING).drink(); // You feel healed. (Potion=648129364)
+@Slf4j
+public class AlchemistShop {
+
+  private final List<Potion> topShelf;
+  private final List<Potion> bottomShelf;
+
+  public AlchemistShop() {
+    var factory = new PotionFactory();
+    topShelf = List.of(
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.INVISIBILITY),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.INVISIBILITY),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.STRENGTH),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.HEALING),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.INVISIBILITY),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.STRENGTH),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.HEALING),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.HEALING)
+    );
+    bottomShelf = List.of(
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.POISON),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.POISON),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.POISON),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.HOLY_WATER),
+        factory.createPotion(PotionType.HOLY_WATER)
+    );
+  }
+
+  public final List<Potion> getTopShelf() {
+    return List.copyOf(this.topShelf);
+  }
+
+  public final List<Potion> getBottomShelf() {
+    return List.copyOf(this.bottomShelf);
+  }
+
+  public void drinkPotions() {
+    LOGGER.info("Drinking top shelf potions\n");
+    topShelf.forEach(Potion::drink);
+    LOGGER.info("Drinking bottom shelf potions\n");
+    bottomShelf.forEach(Potion::drink);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+In our scenario, a brave visitor enters the alchemist shop and drinks all the potions.
+
+```java
+// create the alchemist shop with the potions
+var alchemistShop = new AlchemistShop();
+// a brave visitor enters the alchemist shop and drinks all the potions
+alchemistShop.drinkPotions();
 ```
 
 Program output:
 
 ```java
-You become invisible. (Potion=6566818)
-You feel healed. (Potion=648129364)
-You become invisible. (Potion=6566818)
-You feel blessed. (Potion=1104106489)
-You feel blessed. (Potion=1104106489)
-You feel healed. (Potion=648129364)
+Drinking top shelf potions 
+You become invisible. (Potion=1509514333)
+You become invisible. (Potion=1509514333)
+You feel strong. (Potion=739498517)
+You feel healed. (Potion=125130493)
+You become invisible. (Potion=1509514333)
+You feel strong. (Potion=739498517)
+You feel healed. (Potion=125130493)
+You feel healed. (Potion=125130493)
+Drinking bottom shelf potions
+Urgh! This is poisonous. (Potion=166239592)
+Urgh! This is poisonous. (Potion=166239592)
+Urgh! This is poisonous. (Potion=166239592)
+You feel blessed. (Potion=991505714)
+You feel blessed. (Potion=991505714)
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
@@ -138,13 +192,13 @@ Flyweight pattern when all of the following are true:
 
 * An application uses a large number of objects.
 * Storage costs are high because of the sheer quantity of objects.
-* Most object state can be made extrinsic.
-* Many groups of objects may be replaced by relatively few shared objects once extrinsic state is 
-removed.
+* Most of the object state can be made extrinsic.
+* Many groups of objects may be replaced by relatively few shared objects once the extrinsic state 
+  is removed.
 * The application doesn't depend on object identity. Since flyweight objects may be shared, identity 
 tests will return true for conceptually distinct objects.
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.lang.Integer#valueOf(int)](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Integer.html#valueOf%28int%29) and similarly for Byte, Character and other wrapped types.
 

flyweight/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/flyweight/AlchemistShop.java

@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ public class AlchemistShop {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Enumerate potions.
+   * Drink all the potions.
    */
-  public void enumerate() {
-    LOGGER.info("Enumerating top shelf potions\n");
+  public void drinkPotions() {
+    LOGGER.info("Drinking top shelf potions");
     topShelf.forEach(Potion::drink);
-    LOGGER.info("Enumerating bottom shelf potions\n");
+    LOGGER.info("Drinking bottom shelf potions");
     bottomShelf.forEach(Potion::drink);
   }
 }

flyweight/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/flyweight/App.java

@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ public class App {
    * @param args command line args
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
+    // create the alchemist shop with the potions
     var alchemistShop = new AlchemistShop();
-    alchemistShop.enumerate();
+    // a brave visitor enters the alchemist shop and drinks all the potions
+    alchemistShop.drinkPotions();
   }
 }

gpl-3.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+====
+    The MIT License
+    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+====
+
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
+certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
+you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
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+  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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half-sync-half-async/README.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Use Half-Sync/Half-Async pattern when
 
 * [BSD Unix networking subsystem](https://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/~schmidt/PDF/PLoP-95.pdf)
 * [Real Time CORBA](http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/workshops/presentations/realtime2001/4-3_Pyarali_thread-pool.pdf)
-* [Android AsyncTask framework](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html)
+* [Android AsyncTask framework](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask)
 
 ## Credits
 

interpreter/README.md

@@ -10,22 +10,161 @@ tags:
 ---
 
 ## Intent
-Given a language, define a representation for its grammar along
-with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the
-language.
+
+Given a language, define a representation for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the 
+representation to interpret sentences in the language.
+
+## Explanation
+
+Real-world example
+
+> The halfling kids are learning basic math at school. They start from the very basics "1 + 1",
+> "4 - 2", "5 + 5", and so forth.
+
+In plain words
+
+> Interpreter pattern interprets sentences in the desired language.
+
+Wikipedia says
+
+> In computer programming, the interpreter pattern is a design pattern that specifies how to 
+> evaluate sentences in a language. The basic idea is to have a class for each symbol (terminal or 
+> nonterminal) in a specialized computer language. The syntax tree of a sentence in the language 
+> is an instance of the composite pattern and is used to evaluate (interpret) the sentence for 
+> a client.
+
+**Programmatic example**
+
+To be able to interpret basic math, we need a hierarchy of expressions. The basic abstraction for
+it is the `Expression` class.
+
+```java
+public abstract class Expression {
+
+  public abstract int interpret();
+
+  @Override
+  public abstract String toString();
+}
+```
+
+The simplest of the expressions is the `NumberExpression` that contains only a single integer
+number.
+
+```java
+public class NumberExpression extends Expression {
+
+  private final int number;
+
+  public NumberExpression(int number) {
+    this.number = number;
+  }
+
+  public NumberExpression(String s) {
+    this.number = Integer.parseInt(s);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int interpret() {
+    return number;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "number";
+  }
+}
+```
+
+The more complex expressions are operations such as `PlusExpression`, `MinusExpression`, and
+`MultiplyExpression`. Here's the first of them, the others are similar.
+
+```java
+public class PlusExpression extends Expression {
+
+  private final Expression leftExpression;
+  private final Expression rightExpression;
+
+  public PlusExpression(Expression leftExpression, Expression rightExpression) {
+    this.leftExpression = leftExpression;
+    this.rightExpression = rightExpression;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int interpret() {
+    return leftExpression.interpret() + rightExpression.interpret();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "+";
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Now we are able to show the interpreter pattern in action parsing some simple math.
+
+```java
+    // the halfling kids are learning some basic math at school
+    // define the math string we want to parse
+    final var tokenString = "4 3 2 - 1 + *";
+
+    // the stack holds the parsed expressions
+    var stack = new Stack<Expression>();
+
+    // tokenize the string and go through them one by one
+    var tokenList = tokenString.split(" ");
+    for (var s : tokenList) {
+        if (isOperator(s)) {
+            // when an operator is encountered we expect that the numbers can be popped from the top of
+            // the stack
+            var rightExpression = stack.pop();
+            var leftExpression = stack.pop();
+            LOGGER.info("popped from stack left: {} right: {}",
+            leftExpression.interpret(), rightExpression.interpret());
+            var operator = getOperatorInstance(s, leftExpression, rightExpression);
+            LOGGER.info("operator: {}", operator);
+            var result = operator.interpret();
+            // the operation result is pushed on top of the stack
+            var resultExpression = new NumberExpression(result);
+            stack.push(resultExpression);
+            LOGGER.info("push result to stack: {}", resultExpression.interpret());
+        } else {
+            // numbers are pushed on top of the stack
+            var i = new NumberExpression(s);
+            stack.push(i);
+            LOGGER.info("push to stack: {}", i.interpret());
+        }
+    }
+    // in the end, the final result lies on top of the stack
+    LOGGER.info("result: {}", stack.pop().interpret());
+```
+
+Executing the program produces the following console output.
+
+```
+popped from stack left: 1 right: 1
+operator: +
+push result to stack: 2
+popped from stack left: 4 right: 2
+operator: *
+push result to stack: 8
+result: 8
+```
 
 ## Class diagram
+
 ![alt text](./etc/interpreter_1.png "Interpreter")
 
 ## Applicability
-Use the Interpreter pattern when there is a language to
-interpret, and you can represent statements in the language as abstract syntax
-trees. The Interpreter pattern works best when
 
-* the grammar is simple. For complex grammars, the class hierarchy for the grammar becomes large and unmanageable. Tools such as parser generators are a better alternative in such cases. They can interpret expressions without building abstract syntax trees, which can save space and possibly time
-* efficiency is not a critical concern. The most efficient interpreters are usually not implemented by interpreting parse trees directly but by first translating them into another form. For example, regular expressions are often transformed into state machines. But even then, the translator can be implemented by the Interpreter pattern, so the pattern is still applicable
+Use the Interpreter pattern when there is a language to interpret, and you can represent statements 
+in the language as abstract syntax trees. The Interpreter pattern works best when
 
-## Real world examples
+* The grammar is simple. For complex grammars, the class hierarchy for the grammar becomes large and unmanageable. Tools such as parser generators are a better alternative in such cases. They can interpret expressions without building abstract syntax trees, which can save space and possibly time
+* Efficiency is not a critical concern. The most efficient interpreters are usually not implemented by interpreting parse trees directly but by first translating them into another form. For example, regular expressions are often transformed into state machines. But even then, the translator can be implemented by the Interpreter pattern, so the pattern is still applicable
+
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Pattern](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html)
 * [java.text.Normalizer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/Normalizer.html)

interpreter/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/interpreter/App.java

@@ -34,25 +34,33 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  *
  * <p>In this example we use the Interpreter pattern to break sentences into expressions ({@link
  * Expression}) that can be evaluated and as a whole form the result.
+ *
+ * <p>Expressions can be evaluated using prefix, infix or postfix notations This sample uses
+ * postfix, where operator comes after the operands.
+ *
  */
 @Slf4j
 public class App {
 
   /**
    * Program entry point.
-   *
-   * <p>Expressions can be evaluated using prefix, infix or postfix notations This sample uses
-   * postfix, where operator comes after the operands.
-   *
-   * @param args command line args
+   * @param args program arguments
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    var tokenString = "4 3 2 - 1 + *";
+
+    // the halfling kids are learning some basic math at school
+    // define the math string we want to parse
+    final var tokenString = "4 3 2 - 1 + *";
+
+    // the stack holds the parsed expressions
     var stack = new Stack<Expression>();
 
+    // tokenize the string and go through them one by one
     var tokenList = tokenString.split(" ");
     for (var s : tokenList) {
       if (isOperator(s)) {
+        // when an operator is encountered we expect that the numbers can be popped from the top of
+        // the stack
         var rightExpression = stack.pop();
         var leftExpression = stack.pop();
         LOGGER.info("popped from stack left: {} right: {}",
@@ -60,24 +68,36 @@ public class App {
         var operator = getOperatorInstance(s, leftExpression, rightExpression);
         LOGGER.info("operator: {}", operator);
         var result = operator.interpret();
+        // the operation result is pushed on top of the stack
         var resultExpression = new NumberExpression(result);
         stack.push(resultExpression);
         LOGGER.info("push result to stack: {}", resultExpression.interpret());
       } else {
+        // numbers are pushed on top of the stack
         var i = new NumberExpression(s);
         stack.push(i);
         LOGGER.info("push to stack: {}", i.interpret());
       }
     }
+    // in the end, the final result lies on top of the stack
     LOGGER.info("result: {}", stack.pop().interpret());
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the input parameter is an operator.
+   * @param s input string
+   * @return true if the input parameter is an operator
+   */
   public static boolean isOperator(String s) {
     return s.equals("+") || s.equals("-") || s.equals("*");
   }
 
   /**
-   * Get expression for string.
+   * Returns correct expression based on the parameters.
+   * @param s input string
+   * @param left expression
+   * @param right expression
+   * @return expression
    */
   public static Expression getOperatorInstance(String s, Expression left, Expression right) {
     switch (s) {
@@ -85,8 +105,6 @@ public class App {
         return new PlusExpression(left, right);
       case "-":
         return new MinusExpression(left, right);
-      case "*":
-        return new MultiplyExpression(left, right);
       default:
         return new MultiplyExpression(left, right);
     }

iterator/README.md

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ underlying representation.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Treasure chest contains a set of magical items. There multiple types of items such as rings, 
-> potions and weapons. The items can be browsed by type using an iterator the treasure chest 
+> potions, and weapons. The items can be browsed by type using an iterator the treasure chest 
 > provides. 
 
 In plain words
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public interface Iterator<T> {
 }
 ```
 
-In the following example we iterate through the ring type items found in the chest. 
+In the following example, we iterate through the ring-type items found in the chest. 
 
 ```java
 var itemIterator = TREASURE_CHEST.iterator(ItemType.RING);
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Use the Iterator pattern
 
 * [How to Use Iterator?](http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_using_iterator.htm)
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Iterator](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Iterator.html)
 * [java.util.Enumeration](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Enumeration.html)

lgpl-3.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+====
+    The MIT License
+    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+====
+
+                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+  0. Additional Definitions.
+
+  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
+General Public License.
+
+  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
+other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
+by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
+Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
+of using an interface provided by the Library.
+
+  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
+Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
+with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
+Version".
+
+  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
+Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
+for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
+based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+
+  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
+object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
+and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
+Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+
+  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
+without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+
+  If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
+facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
+that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
+facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
+version:
+
+   a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
+   ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
+   function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
+   whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
+
+   b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
+   this License applicable to that copy.
+
+  3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+
+  The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
+a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object
+code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
+material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
+layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
+(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
+   Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+  4. Combined Works.
+
+  You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
+taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
+portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
+engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
+the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
+   the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+   c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
+   execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
+   these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
+   copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+   d) Do one of the following:
+
+       0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
+       License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
+       suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
+       recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
+       the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
+       manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
+       Corresponding Source.
+
+       1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
+       Library.  A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
+       a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
+       system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
+       of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
+       Version.
+
+   e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
+   be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
+   GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
+   necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
+   Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
+   Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
+   you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
+   the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
+   Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
+   Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
+   for conveying Corresponding Source.)
+
+  5. Combined Libraries.
+
+  You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
+Library side by side in a single library together with other library
+facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
+License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
+choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
+   on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
+   conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+   b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
+   is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
+   accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+  6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
+Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
+applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
+conditions either of that published version or of any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
+received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
+whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
+apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
+permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
+Library.

localization/ko/strategy/README.md

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public class LambdaStrategy {
 
 ## 클래스 다이어그램
 
-![alt text](./etc/strategy_urm.png "Strategy")
+![alt text](../../../strategy/etc/strategy_urm.png "Strategy")
 
 ## 적용 가능성
 

localization/pt/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+<!-- the line below needs to be an empty line C: (its because kramdown isnt
+     that smart and dearly wants an empty line before a heading to be able to
+     display it as such, e.g. website) -->
+
+# Padrões de projeto implementados em Java
+
+![Java CI](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/workflows/Java%20CI/badge.svg)
+[![License MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/master/LICENSE.md)
+[![Lines of Code](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=ncloc)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
+[![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
+[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
+[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-170-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
+
+<br/>
+
+Leia em outro idioma: [**zh**](/localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](/localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](/localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](/localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](/localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](/localization/es/README.md)
+
+<br/>
+
+# Introdução
+
+Os padrões de projeto são um conjunto das melhores práticas e soluções formalizadas que um programador pode usar para resolver problemas comuns ao projetar um aplicativo ou sistema.
+
+Os padrões de projeto podem acelerar o processo de desenvolvimento, fornecendo testes e comprovados paradigmas de desenvolvimento.
+
+Reutilizar padrões de projeto ajuda a evitar problemas sutis que causam
+problemas, e também melhora a legibilidade do código para desenvolvedores e arquitetos que
+estão familiarizados com os padrões.
+
+# Começando
+
+Este site apresenta padrões de projeto Java. As soluções foram desenvolvidas por
+programadores e arquitetos experientes da comunidade de código aberto. Os
+padrões podem ser acessados por meio de suas descrições de alto nível ou  por meio de seu
+Código fonte. Os exemplos de código-fonte são bem comentados e podem ser considerados como
+tutoriais de programação sobre como implementar um padrão específico. Nós usamos as mais
+populares tecnologias Java de código aberto comprovadas em batalhas.
+
+Antes de mergulhar no material, você deve estar familiarizado com vários
+[Princípios de design de software](https://java-design-patterns.com/principles/).
+
+Todos os projetos devem ser o mais simples possível. Você deve começar com KISS, YAGNI,
+e fazer a coisa mais simples que poderia funcionar com os princípios. Complexidade e
+os padrões só devem ser introduzidos quando são necessários para fins práticos e
+extensibilidade.
+
+Assim que estiver familiarizado com esses conceitos, você pode começar a se aprofundar nos
+[padrões de projeto disponíveis](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) por qualquer
+das seguintes abordagens
+
+ - Pesquise um padrão específico por nome. Não consegue encontrar um? Informe um novo padrão [aqui](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/issues).
+ - Usando tags como `Performance`,` Gang of Four` ou `Acesso de dados`.
+ - Usando categorias de padrões, `Criacional`,` Comportamental` e outros.
+
+ Esperamos que você encontre as soluções orientadas a objetos apresentadas neste site úteis
+em suas arquiteturas e divirta-se as aprendendo tanto quanto nos divertimos ao desenvolvê-las.
+
+# Como contribuir
+
+Se você estiver disposto a contribuir para o projeto, você encontrará as informações mais relevantes em nossa [wiki do desenvolvedor](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). Ajudaremos você e responderemos as suas perguntas na [sala de bate-papo do Gitter](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns).
+
+# Licença
+
+Este projeto está licenciado sob os termos da licença MIT.
+
+# Contribuidores
+
+<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
+<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable -->
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/582346?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ilkka Seppälä</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#projectManagement-iluwatar" title="Project Management">📆</a> <a href="#maintenance-iluwatar" title="Maintenance">🚧</a> <a href="#content-iluwatar" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit1307"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/23420222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>amit1307</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit1307" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npathai"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1792515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Narendra Pathai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npathai" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-npathai" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Anpathai" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fluxw42"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1545460?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeroen Meulemeester</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fluxw42" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.joemccarthy.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4526195?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joseph McCarthy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mikulucky" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thomasoss"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22516154?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=thomasoss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anuragagarwal561994"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6075379?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anuragagarwal561994" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://markusmo3.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3317416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Markus Moser</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#design-markusmo3" title="Design">🎨</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=markusmo3" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-markusmo3" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/i_sabiq"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/19510920?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sabiq Ihab</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=isabiq" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://inbravo.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5253764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Dixit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=inbravo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/piyushchaudhari04"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10268029?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Piyush Kailash Chaudhari</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=piyushchaudhari04" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/joshzambales"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8704552?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>joshzambales</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joshzambales" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Crossy147"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7272996?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kamil Pietruszka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Crossy147" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://cs.joensuu.fi/~zkhayda"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/660742?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zafar Khaydarov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://kemitix.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1147749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paul Campbell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kemitix" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Argyro-Sioziou"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22822639?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Argyro Sioziou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Argyro-Sioziou" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/TylerMcConville"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4946449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>TylerMcConville</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=TylerMcConville" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/saksham93"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/37399540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>saksham93</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=saksham93" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nikhilbarar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/37332144?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nikhilbarar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nikhilbarar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://colinbut.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10725674?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Colin But</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=colinbut" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ruslanpa"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1503411?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ruslan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ruslanpa" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuhoKang"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/4745294?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juho Kang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JuhoKang" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dheeraj-mummareddy"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7002230?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dheeraj Mummareddy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dheeraj-mummareddy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.bernardosulzbach.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8271090?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bernardo Sulzbach</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=bernardosulzbach" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/4lexis"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/19871727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aleksandar Dudukovic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=4lexis" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.yusufaytas.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1049483?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yusuf Aytaş</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yusufaytas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://futurehomes.hu"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1001491?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mihály Kuprivecz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qpi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kapinuss"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17639945?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stanislav Kapinus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kapinuss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gvsharma"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6648152?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>GVSharma</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gvsharma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/SrdjanPaunovic"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22815104?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Srđan Paunović</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=SrdjanPaunovic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://sideris.xyz/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5484694?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Petros G. Sideris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sideris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/pramodgupta3/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2184241?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pramod Gupta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AIAmPramod" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://theerroris.me"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1685953?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wes Gilleland</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Deathnerd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Harshrajsinh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22811531?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshraj Thakor</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Harshrajsinh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MaVdbussche"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/26136934?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martin Vandenbussche</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MaVdbussche" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://alexsomai.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5720977?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexandru Somai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=alexsomai" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amogozov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7372215?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Artur Mogozov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amogozov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anthonycampbell"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10249255?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>anthony</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anthonycampbell" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://ccygnus.com/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9342724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Cygnus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christophercolumbusdog" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://about.me/dzmitryh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5390492?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dima Gubin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dzmitryh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jjjimenez100"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/22243493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joshua Jimenez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jjjimenez100" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://about.me/kaiwinter"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/110982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kai Winter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kaiwinter" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lbroman"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/86007?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lbroman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=lbroman" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://przemeknowak.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3254609?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Przemek</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pnowy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/prafful1"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14350274?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Prafful Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-prafful1" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sankypanhale"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6478783?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sanket Panhale</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sankypanhale" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/staillebois"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/23701200?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>staillebois</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=staillebois" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/valdar-hu"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/17962817?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Krisztián Nagy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=valdar-hu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.vanogrid.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4307918?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexander Ivanov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vanogrid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/yosfik"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4850270?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yosfik Alqadri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yosfik" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/7agustibm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8149332?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Agustí Becerra Milà</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=7agustibm" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Juaanma"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7390500?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Suárez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Juaanma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.devsedge.net/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9956006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Luigi Cortese</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=LuigiCortese" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Rzeposlaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18425745?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katarzyna Rzepecka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Rzeposlaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://adamski.pro"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6537430?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>adamski.pro</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=akrystian" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/baislsl"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17060584?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shengli Bai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=baislsl" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/besok"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/29834592?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=besok" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dmitraver"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1798156?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dmitry Avershin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dmitraver" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fanofxiaofeng"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3983683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>靳阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fanofxiaofeng" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoangnam2261"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/31692990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hoangnam2261</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoangnam2261" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jarpit96"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10098713?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Arpit Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jarpit96" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://joningi.net"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6115148?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jón Ingi Sveinbjörnsson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joningiwork" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kirill-vlasov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16112495?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kirill Vlasov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kirill-vlasov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://mitchell-irvin.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16233245?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mitchell Irvin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mitchellirvin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://ranjeet-floyd.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1992972?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ranjeet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ranjeet-floyd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://alwayswithme.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3234786?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>PhoenixYip</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Alwayswithme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MSaifAsif"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6280554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>M Saif Asif</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MSaifAsif" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kanwarpreet25"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/39183641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>kanwarpreet25</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kanwarpreet25" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://leonmak.me"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13071508?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leon Mak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leonmak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.wramdemark.se"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7052193?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Per Wramdemark</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=perwramdemark" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/waisuan"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10975700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Evan Sia Wai Suan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=waisuan" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AnaghaSasikumar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/42939261?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AnaghaSasikumar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AnaghaSasikumar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://christofferh.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/767643?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoffer Hamberg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christofferh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dgruntz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1516800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dominik Gruntz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dgruntz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://bitbucket.org/hannespernpeintner/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1679437?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hannes</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hannespernpeintner" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/leogtzr"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1211969?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leo Gutiérrez Ramírez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leogtzr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npczwh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14066422?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zhang WH</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npczwh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/oconnelc"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1112973?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christopher O'Connell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=oconnelc" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/giorgosmav21"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22855493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Mavroeidis</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=giorgosmav21" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hbothra15"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7418012?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hemant Bothra</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hbothra15" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#design-hbothra15" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.kevinpeters.net/about/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12736734?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kevin Peters</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=igeligel" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://llorllale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2019896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Aristy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=llorllale" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mookkiah"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8975264?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mahendran Mookkiah</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mookkiah" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Azureyjt"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18476317?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Azureyjt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Azureyjt" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vehpsr"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3133265?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vehpsr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ThatGuyWithTheHat"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/24470582?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ThatGuyWithTheHat" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopinathlangote/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10210778?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gopinath Langote</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gopinath-langote" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoswey"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3689445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hoswey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoswey" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit2103"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7566692?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Pandey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit2103" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gwildor28"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16000365?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gwildor28</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gwildor28" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://t.me/paul_docker"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2404785?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>田浩</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-llitfkitfk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/StPitsios"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6773603?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stamatis Pitsios</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pitsios-s" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/qza"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/233149?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>qza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://tschis.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/20662669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rodolfo Forte</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Tschis" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ankurkaushal"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/2236616?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ankur Kaushal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ankurkaushal" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ovidijus-okinskas/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20372387?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ovidijus Okinskas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=okinskas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/robertt240"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9137432?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Robert Kasperczyk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=robertt240" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/trautonen"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1641063?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tapio Rautonen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=trautonen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://vk.com/yuri.orlov"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1595733?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yuri Orlov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yorlov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunu28/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7676016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Varun Upadhyay</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=varunu28" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/PalAditya"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/25523604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aditya Pal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=PalAditya" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/grzesiekkedzior"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23739158?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>grzesiekkedzior</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=grzesiekkedzior" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Agrzesiekkedzior" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sivasubramanim"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/51107434?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sivasubramani M</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sivasubramanim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/d4gg4d"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/99457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sami Airaksinen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=d4gg4d" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vertti"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/557751?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Janne Sinivirta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vertti" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Bobo1239"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2302947?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris-Chengbiao Zhou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Bobo1239" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://jahhein.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10779515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jacob Hein</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jahhein" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iamrichardjones"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/14842151?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Richard Jones</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-iamrichardjones" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://rachelcarmena.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22792183?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rachel M. Carmena</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-rachelcarmena" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://zd-zero.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/21978370?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zaerald Denze Lungos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-zd-zero" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://webpro.nl"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/456426?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lars Kappert</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-webpro" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://xiaod.info"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/21277644?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mike Liu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-xiaod-dev" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/charlesfinley"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6307904?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Dolan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=charlesfinley" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Acharlesfinley" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MananS77"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/21033516?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Manan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AMananS77" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ravening"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10645273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakesh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ravening" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aravening" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vINCENT8888801"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8037883?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wei Seng</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vINCENT8888801" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashish-trivedi-218379135/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23194128?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ashish Trivedi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ashishtrivedi16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://rayyounghong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/41055099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>洪月阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=RayYH" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://xdvrx1.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47092464?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xdvrx1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Axdvrx1" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#ideas-xdvrx1" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.edycutjong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1098102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Edy Cu Tjong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=edycutjong" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mkrzywanski"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/15279585?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Michał Krzywański</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mkrzywanski" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.stefan-birkner.de"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/711349?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Birkner</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=stefanbirkner" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fedorskvorcov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/43882212?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fedor Skvorcov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fedorskvorcov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/samilAyoub"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/61546990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>samilAyoub</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samilAyoub" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vdlald"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29997701?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vladislav Golubinov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vdlald" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://christophflick.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4465376?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoph Flick</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ChFlick" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Ascenio"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7662016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ascênio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAscenio" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/domenico-sibilio/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/24280982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Domenico Sibilio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dsibilio" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/akashchandwani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3483277?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Akash Chandwani</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aakashchandwani" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/manannikov"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7019769?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pavlo Manannikov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=manannikov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eimanip"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20307301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Eiman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eimanip" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/OrangePants-R"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/42976136?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rocky</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=OrangePants-R" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://ibrahimalii.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/21141301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ibrahim ali abdelghany</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AibrahimAlii" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gkulkarni2020"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5161548?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Girish Kulkarni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gkulkarni2020" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/omk13"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/59054172?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Omar Karazoun</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=omk13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jeff303"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3521562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeff Evans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jeff303" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://viveksb007.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12713808?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=viveksb007" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siavashsoleymani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18074419?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>siavash</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=siavashsoleymani" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ruchpeanuts"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29301900?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ruchpeanuts</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ruchpeanuts" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://libkhadir.fr"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/45130488?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>KHADIR Tayeb</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-tkhadir" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ignite1771"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/59446563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ignite1771</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ignite1771" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/demirhalil"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22895118?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Halil Demir</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-demirhalil" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/rohit10000"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20845565?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohit Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=rohit10000" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/richardmr36"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19147333?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martel Richard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=richardmr36" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/va1m"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17025445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>va1m</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=va1m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/noamgrinch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31648669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Noam Greenshtain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=noamgrinch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://xuyonghong.cn/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14086462?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>yonghong Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qfxl" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jinisha-vora"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40777762?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>jinishavora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Ajinishavora" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jinishavora" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eas5"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Elvys Soares</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eas5" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/STudio26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-STudio26" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>VR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=DEV-VRUPER" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JackieNim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4138836?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JackieNim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JackieNim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/EdisonE3"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52118917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>EdisonE3</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=EdisonE3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tao-sun2"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tao-sun2" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuanManuelAbate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16357060?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Abate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JuanManuelAbate" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Xenilo137"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Xenilo137</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Xenilo137" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Samuel Souza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samuelpsouza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<!-- markdownlint-restore -->
+<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
+
+<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END -->

localization/zh/abstract-document/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Abstract Document
 folder: abstract-document
-permalink: /patterns/abstract-document/zh
+permalink: /patterns/abstract-document/
 categories: Structural
 language: zh
 tags: 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class Car extends AbstractDocument implements HasModel, HasPrice, HasPart
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../abstract-document/etc/abstract-document.png "Abstract Document Traits and Domain")
+![alt text](../../../abstract-document/etc/abstract-document.png "Abstract Document Traits and Domain")
 
 ## 适用性
 

localization/zh/abstract-factory/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Abstract Factory
 folder: abstract-factory
-permalink: /patterns/abstract-factory/zh
+permalink: /patterns/abstract-factory/
 categories: Creational
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../abstract-factory/etc/abstract-factory.urm.png "Abstract Factory class diagram")
+![alt text](../../../abstract-factory/etc/abstract-factory.urm.png "Abstract Factory class diagram")
 
 
 ## 适用性

localization/zh/active-object/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Active Object
 folder: active-object
-permalink: /patterns/active-object/zh
+permalink: /patterns/active-object/
 categories: Concurrency
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -122,4 +122,4 @@ public class Orc extends ActiveCreature {
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../active-object/etc/active-object.urm.PNG "Active Object class diagram")
+![alt text](../../../active-object/etc/active-object.urm.png "Active Object class diagram")

localization/zh/acyclic-visitor/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Acyclic Visitor
 folder: acyclic-visitor
-permalink: /patterns/acyclic-visitor/zh
+permalink: /patterns/acyclic-visitor/
 categories: Behavioral
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public class ConfigureForUnixVisitor implements ZoomVisitor {
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../acyclic-visitor/etc/acyclic-visitor.png "Acyclic Visitor")
+![alt text](../../../acyclic-visitor/etc/acyclic-visitor.png "Acyclic Visitor")
 
 ## 适用性
 

localization/zh/adapter/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Adapter
 folder: adapter
-permalink: /patterns/adapter/zh
+permalink: /patterns/adapter/
 categories: Structural
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ captain.row();
 ```
 
 ## 类图
-![alt text](../../adapter/etc/adapter.urm.png "Adapter class diagram")
+![alt text](../../../adapter/etc/adapter.urm.png "Adapter class diagram")
 
 
 ## 应用

localization/zh/aggregator-microservices/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Aggregator Microservices
 folder: aggregator-microservices
-permalink: /patterns/aggregator-microservices/zh
+permalink: /patterns/aggregator-microservices/
 categories: Architectural
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ curl http://localhost:50004/product
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/etc/aggregator-service.png "Aggregator Microservice")
+![alt text](../../../aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/etc/aggregator-service.png "Aggregator Microservice")
 
 ## 适用性
 

localization/zh/ambassador/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Ambassador
 folder: ambassador
-permalink: /patterns/ambassador/zh
+permalink: /patterns/ambassador/
 categories: Structural
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Service result: -1
 
 ## 类图
 
-![alt text](../../ambassador/etc/ambassador.urm.png "Ambassador class diagram")
+![alt text](../../../ambassador/etc/ambassador.urm.png "Ambassador class diagram")
 
 ## 适用性
 

localization/zh/api-gateway/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: API Gateway
 folder: api-gateway
-permalink: /patterns/api-gateway/zh
+permalink: /patterns/api-gateway/
 categories: Architectural
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public class ApiGateway {
 ```
 
 ## 类图
-![alt text](../../api-gateway/etc/api-gateway.png "API Gateway")
+![alt text](../../../api-gateway/etc/api-gateway.png "API Gateway")
 
 ## 适用性
 

localization/zh/arrange-act-assert/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 layout: pattern
 title: Arrange/Act/Assert
 folder: arrange-act-assert
-permalink: /patterns/arrange-act-assert/zh
+permalink: /patterns/arrange-act-assert/
 categories: Idiom
 language: zh
 tags:
@@ -73,10 +73,7 @@ public class Cash {
 }
 ```
 
-Then we write our unit tests according to Arrange/Act/Assert pattern. Notice the clearly
-separated steps for each unit test.
-
-然后我们根据Arrange / Act / Assert模式编写单元测试。 注意每个单元测试的步骤是分开的清晰的。
+然后我们根据安排/ 执行 / 断言模式编写单元测试。 注意每个单元测试的步骤是分开的清晰的。
 
 ```java
 class CashAAATest {
@@ -129,9 +126,8 @@ class CashAAATest {
 
 ## 适用性
 
-使用 Arrange/Act/Assert 模式当
+使用 安排/执行/断言 模式当
 
-* You need to structure your unit tests so that they're easier to read, maintain, and enhance. 
 * 你需要结构化你的单元测试代码这样它们可以更好的阅读，维护和增强。
 
 ## 鸣谢

localization/zh/async-method-invocation/README.md

@@ -4,33 +4,32 @@ title: Async Method Invocation
 folder: async-method-invocation
 permalink: /patterns/async-method-invocation/
 categories: Concurrency
+language: zh
 tags:
  - Reactive
 ---
 
-## 含义
+## 意图
 
-异步方法是一种调用线程在等待任务结果时候不会被阻塞的模式。该模式提供了对多个任务的并行处理，并通过回调或等待，在所有任务完成后在提供结果读取。
+异步方法调用是一个调用线程在等待任务结果时不会阻塞的模式。模式为多个独立的任务提供并行的处理方式并且通过回调或等到它们全部完成来接收任务结果。
 
 ## 解释
 
-真实世界案例
+真实世界例子
 
-> 发射太空火箭是一项令人兴奋的事业。在任务指挥部下达发射命令后， 经过一些未确定的时间，火箭要么成功发射，要么重演挑战者悲剧。
+> 发射火箭是一项令人激动的事务。任务指挥官发出了发射命令，经过一段不确定的时间后，火箭要么成功发射，要么惨遭失败。
 
-简而言之
+通俗地说
 
-> 异步方法调用开始任务处理并，在任务结果准备好之前立即返回。任务处理的结果会在稍后再返回给调用者。
+> 异步方法调用开始任务处理，并在任务完成之前立即返回。 任务处理的结果稍后返回给调用方。
 
-维基百科的解释
+维基百科说
 
-> 在多线程计算机编程中，异步方法调用（AMI），也被称为异步方法调用或异步模式。这是一种设计模式，在这种模式下，调用点在等待被调用代码完成时不会被阻塞。相反，当返回点到达时，调用线程会得到通知。轮询结果是一种不受欢迎的选择。
+> 在多线程计算机编程中，异步方法调用（AMI），也称为异步方法调用或异步模式，是一种设计模式，其中在等待被调用的代码完成时不会阻塞调用站点。 而是在执行结果到达时通知调用线程。轮询调用结果是不希望的选项。
 
-**编程示例**
+**程序示例**
 
-在这个例子中，我们正在发射太空火箭和部署月球车。
-
-该应用演示了异步方法调用模式。该模式的关键部分是 `AsyncResult`，它是一个异步计算值的中间容器，`AsyncCallback` 可以在任务完成时提供执行行动作，`AsyncExecutor` 负责管理异步任务的执行。
+在此示例中，我们正在发射太空火箭并部署月球漫游车。该应用演示了异步方法调用模式。 模式的关键部分是`AsyncResult`（用于异步评估值的中间容器），`AsyncCallback`（可以在任务完成时被执行）和`AsyncExecutor`（用于管理异步任务的执行）。
 
 ```java
 public interface AsyncResult<T> {
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ public interface AsyncExecutor {
 }
 ```
 
-`ThreadAsyncExecutor` 是 `AsyncExecutor` 的一个实现。接下来将着重说明它的一些关键部分。
+`ThreadAsyncExecutor`是`AsyncExecutor`的实现。 接下来将突出显示其一些关键部分。
 
 ```java
 public class ThreadAsyncExecutor implements AsyncExecutor {
@@ -91,14 +90,14 @@ public class ThreadAsyncExecutor implements AsyncExecutor {
 }
 ```
 
-然后我们准备发射一些火箭，看看所有东西是如何一起运作的。
+然后，我们准备发射一些火箭，看看一切是如何协同工作的。
 
 ```java
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-  // construct a new executor that will run async tasks
+  // 构造一个将执行异步任务的新执行程序
   var executor = new ThreadAsyncExecutor();
 
-  // start few async tasks with varying processing times, two last with callback handlers
+  // 以不同的处理时间开始一些异步任务，最后两个使用回调处理程序
   final var asyncResult1 = executor.startProcess(lazyval(10, 500));
   final var asyncResult2 = executor.startProcess(lazyval("test", 300));
   final var asyncResult3 = executor.startProcess(lazyval(50L, 700));
@@ -106,11 +105,11 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   final var asyncResult5 =
       executor.startProcess(lazyval("callback", 600), callback("Deploying lunar rover"));
 
-  // emulate processing in the current thread while async tasks are running in their own threads
-  Thread.sleep(350); // Oh boy, we are working hard here
+  // 在当前线程中模拟异步任务正在它们自己的线程中执行
+  Thread.sleep(350); // 哦，兄弟，我们在这很辛苦
   log("Mission command is sipping coffee");
 
-  // wait for completion of the tasks
+  // 等待任务完成
   final var result1 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult1);
   final var result2 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult2);
   final var result3 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult3);
@@ -118,13 +117,14 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   asyncResult5.await();
 
   // log the results of the tasks, callbacks log immediately when complete
+  // 记录任务结果的日志， 回调的日志会在回调完成时立刻记录
   log("Space rocket <" + result1 + "> launch complete");
   log("Space rocket <" + result2 + "> launch complete");
   log("Space rocket <" + result3 + "> launch complete");
 }
 ```
 
-以下是控制台输出。
+这是程序控制台的输出。
 
 ```java
 21:47:08.227 [executor-2] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <test> launched successfully
@@ -140,22 +140,21 @@ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 21:47:08.618 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <50> launch complete
 ```
 
-## 类图
+# 类图
 
-![alt text](../../async-method-invocation/etc/async-method-invocation.png "Async Method Invocation")
+![alt text](../../../async-method-invocation/etc/async-method-invocation.png "Async Method Invocation")
 
-## 适用场景
+## 适用性
 
-在以下场景可以使用异步调用模式
+在以下情况下使用异步方法调用模式
 
-* 你有多有可以并行执行的独立任务
-* 你需要提高一组串行任务的性能
-* 你的处理能力有限、或者有长期运行的任务，调用者不应该等待任务所有任务运行结束
+* 您有多个可以并行运行的独立任务
+* 您需要提高一组顺序任务的性能
+* 您的处理能力或长时间运行的任务数量有限，并且调用方不应等待任务执行完毕
 
-## 现实示例
+## 真实世界例子
 
 * [FutureTask](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/FutureTask.html)
 * [CompletableFuture](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CompletableFuture.html)
 * [ExecutorService](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ExecutorService.html)
 * [Task-based Asynchronous Pattern](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh873175.aspx)
-