Fix link

* docs: update README.md [skip ci]

* docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]

Co-authored-by: allcontributors[bot] <46447321+allcontributors[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.all-contributorsrc

@@ -1451,6 +1451,141 @@
         "review",
         "code"
       ]
+    },
+    {
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+      "name": "Elvys Soares",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/eas5",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
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+    {
+      "login": "zWeBrain",
+      "name": "zWeBrain",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/zWeBrain",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
+      ]
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+    {
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+      "name": "余林颖",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://al-assad.github.io/notion/",
+      "contributions": [
+        "translation"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "STudio26",
+      "name": "Alain",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/STudio26",
+      "contributions": [
+        "translation"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "DEV-VRUPER",
+      "name": "VR",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER",
+      "contributions": [
+        "doc"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "login": "JackieNim",
+      "name": "JackieNim",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4138836?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/JackieNim",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
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+    {
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+      "name": "EdisonE3",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52118917?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/EdisonE3",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
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+      "name": "Tao",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/tao-sun2",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
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+      "login": "JuanManuelAbate",
+      "name": "Juan Manuel Abate",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16357060?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/JuanManuelAbate",
+      "contributions": [
+        "translation"
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+    {
+      "login": "Xenilo137",
+      "name": "Xenilo137",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4",
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+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
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+      "name": "Samuel Souza",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/",
+      "contributions": [
+        "code"
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+    {
+      "login": "marlo2222",
+      "name": "Marlo Henrique",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/marlo2222",
+      "contributions": [
+        "translation"
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+      "login": "AndriyPyzh",
+      "name": "AndriyPyzh",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/AndriyPyzh",
+      "contributions": [
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+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4",
+      "profile": "https://github.com/karthikbhat13",
+      "contributions": [
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+      "login": "mortezaadi",
+      "name": "Morteza Adigozalpour",
+      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4",
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.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml

@@ -40,25 +40,26 @@ jobs:
     steps:
 
     - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@master
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         # Disabling shallow clone for improving relevancy of SonarQube reporting
         fetch-depth: 0
 
     - name: Set up JDK 11
-      uses: actions/setup-java@master
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
       with:
         java-version: 11
+        distribution: 'adopt'
 
     - name: Cache SonarCloud packages
-      uses: actions/cache@master
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ~/.sonar/cache
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
         restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
 
     - name: Cache Maven dependencies
-      uses: actions/cache@master
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ~/.m2/repository
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}

.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml

@@ -38,15 +38,16 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@master
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
     
     - name: Set up JDK 11
-      uses: actions/setup-java@master
+      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
       with:
         java-version: 11
+        distribution: 'adopt'
     
     - name: Cache Maven Dependecies
-      uses: actions/cache@master
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ~/.m2/repository
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+Copyright <EFBFBD> 2014-2021 Ilkka Sepp<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -19,3 +19,6 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
+
+Module Model-view-viewmodel is using ZK framework
+ZK framework is licensed under LGPL and the license can be found at lgpl-3.0.txt

README.md

@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
 
 ![Java CI](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/workflows/Java%20CI/badge.svg)
 [![License MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/master/LICENSE.md)
-[![Lines of Code](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=ncloc)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns) 
+[![Lines of Code](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=ncloc)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
 [![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-159-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
+[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-174-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
 
 <br/>
 
-Read in different language : [![CN](/assets/flags/CN.png)**CN**](/zh/README.md), [![KR](/assets/flags/KR.png)**KR**](/ko/README.md), [![FR](/assets/flags/FR.png)**FR**](/fr/README.md), [![TR](/assets/flags/TR.png)**TR**](/tr/README.md), [![AR](/assets/flags/AR.png)**AR**](/ar/README.md)
+Read in different language : [**zh**](localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](localization/es/README.md), [**pt**](localization/pt/README.md)
 
 <br/>
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ are familiar with the patterns.
 # Getting started
 
 This site showcases Java Design Patterns. The solutions have been developed by
-experienced programmers and architects from the open source community. The 
+experienced programmers and architects from the open source community. The
 patterns can be browsed by their high level descriptions or by looking at their
 source code. The source code examples are well commented and can be thought as
 programming tutorials on how to implement a specific pattern. We use the most
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ patterns should only be introduced when they are needed for practical
 extensibility.
 
 Once you are familiar with these concepts you can start drilling down into the
-[available design patterns](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) by any 
+[available design patterns](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) by any
 of the following approaches
 
  - Search for a specific pattern by name. Can't find one? Please report a new pattern [here](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/issues).
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ in your architectures and have as much fun learning them as we had developing th
 
 # How to contribute
 
-If you are willing to contribute to the project you will find the relevant information in 
-our [developer wiki](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). We will help 
+If you are willing to contribute to the project you will find the relevant information in
+our [developer wiki](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). We will help
 you and answer your questions in the [Gitter chatroom](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns).
 
 # License
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
   </tr>
   <tr>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="http://theerroris.me"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1685953?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wes Gilleland</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Deathnerd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Harshrajsinh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22811531?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshraj Thakor</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Harshrajsinh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
   </tr>
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
     <td align="center"><a href="http://vk.com/yuri.orlov"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1595733?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yuri Orlov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yorlov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunu28/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7676016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Varun Upadhyay</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=varunu28" title="Code">💻</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/PalAditya"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/25523604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aditya Pal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=PalAditya" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/grzesiekkedzior"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23739158?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>grzesiekkedzior</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=grzesiekkedzior" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/grzesiekkedzior"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23739158?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>grzesiekkedzior</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=grzesiekkedzior" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Agrzesiekkedzior" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sivasubramanim"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/51107434?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sivasubramani M</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sivasubramanim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
   <tr>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ravening"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10645273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakesh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ravening" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ravening"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10645273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakesh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ravening" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aravening" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vINCENT8888801"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8037883?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wei Seng</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vINCENT8888801" title="Code">💻</a></td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
@@ -261,6 +261,82 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
     <td align="center"><a href="https://xdvrx1.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47092464?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xdvrx1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Axdvrx1" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#ideas-xdvrx1" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
     <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
   </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.edycutjong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1098102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Edy Cu Tjong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=edycutjong" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mkrzywanski"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/15279585?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Michał Krzywański</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mkrzywanski" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.stefan-birkner.de"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/711349?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Birkner</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=stefanbirkner" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fedorskvorcov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/43882212?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fedor Skvorcov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fedorskvorcov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/samilAyoub"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/61546990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>samilAyoub</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samilAyoub" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vdlald"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29997701?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vladislav Golubinov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vdlald" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://christophflick.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4465376?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoph Flick</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ChFlick" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Ascenio"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7662016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ascênio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAscenio" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/domenico-sibilio/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/24280982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Domenico Sibilio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dsibilio" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/akashchandwani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3483277?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Akash Chandwani</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aakashchandwani" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/manannikov"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7019769?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pavlo Manannikov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=manannikov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eimanip"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20307301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Eiman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eimanip" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/OrangePants-R"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/42976136?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rocky</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=OrangePants-R" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://ibrahimalii.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/21141301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ibrahim ali abdelghany</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AibrahimAlii" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gkulkarni2020"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5161548?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Girish Kulkarni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gkulkarni2020" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/omk13"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/59054172?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Omar Karazoun</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=omk13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jeff303"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3521562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeff Evans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jeff303" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://viveksb007.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12713808?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=viveksb007" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siavashsoleymani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18074419?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>siavash</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=siavashsoleymani" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ruchpeanuts"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29301900?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ruchpeanuts</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ruchpeanuts" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://libkhadir.fr"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/45130488?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>KHADIR Tayeb</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-tkhadir" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ignite1771"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/59446563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ignite1771</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ignite1771" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/demirhalil"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22895118?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Halil Demir</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-demirhalil" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/rohit10000"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20845565?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohit Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=rohit10000" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/richardmr36"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19147333?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martel Richard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=richardmr36" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/va1m"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17025445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>va1m</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=va1m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/noamgrinch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31648669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Noam Greenshtain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=noamgrinch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://xuyonghong.cn/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14086462?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>yonghong Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qfxl" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jinisha-vora"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40777762?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>jinishavora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Ajinishavora" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jinishavora" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eas5"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Elvys Soares</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eas5" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/STudio26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-STudio26" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>VR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=DEV-VRUPER" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JackieNim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4138836?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JackieNim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JackieNim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/EdisonE3"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52118917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>EdisonE3</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=EdisonE3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tao-sun2"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tao-sun2" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuanManuelAbate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16357060?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Abate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JuanManuelAbate" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Xenilo137"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24865069?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Xenilo137</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Xenilo137" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Samuel Souza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samuelpsouza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/marlo2222"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Marlo Henrique</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-marlo2222" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AndriyPyzh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AndriyPyzh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AndriyPyzh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/karthikbhat13"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>karthikbhat13</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=karthikbhat13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mortezaadi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Morteza Adigozalpour</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mortezaadi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <!-- markdownlint-restore -->

abstract-document/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Abstract Document
 folder: abstract-document
 permalink: /patterns/abstract-document/
 categories: Structural
+language: en
 tags: 
  - Extensibility
 ---

abstract-document/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

abstract-factory/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Abstract Factory
 folder: abstract-factory
 permalink: /patterns/abstract-factory/
 categories: Creational
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ objects without specifying their concrete classes.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
-> To create a kingdom we need objects with a common theme. Elven kingdom needs an Elven king, Elven castle and Elven army whereas Orcish kingdom needs an Orcish king, Orcish castle and Orcish army. There is a dependency between the objects in the kingdom.
+> To create a kingdom we need objects with a common theme. The elven kingdom needs an elven king, elven castle, and elven army whereas the orcish kingdom needs an orcish king, orcish castle, and orcish army. There is a dependency between the objects in the kingdom.
 
 In plain words
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-Translating the kingdom example above. First of all we have some interfaces and implementation for the objects in the 
+Translating the kingdom example above. First of all, we have some interfaces and implementation for the objects in the 
 kingdom.
 
 ```java
@@ -51,21 +52,21 @@ public interface Army {
 
 // Elven implementations ->
 public class ElfCastle implements Castle {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven castle!";
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {
     return DESCRIPTION;
   }
 }
 public class ElfKing implements King {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven king!";
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {
     return DESCRIPTION;
   }
 }
 public class ElfArmy implements Army {
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven Army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven Army!";
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {
     return DESCRIPTION;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ public class ElfArmy implements Army {
 
 ```
 
-Then we have the abstraction and implementations for the kingdom factory
+Then we have the abstraction and implementations for the kingdom factory.
 
 ```java
 public interface KingdomFactory {
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public class OrcKingdomFactory implements KingdomFactory {
 }
 ```
 
-Now we have our abstract factory that lets us make family of related objects i.e. Elven kingdom factory creates Elven castle, king and army etc.
+Now we have the abstract factory that lets us make a family of related objects i.e. elven kingdom factory creates elven castle, king and army, etc.
 
 ```java
 var factory = new ElfKingdomFactory();
@@ -126,13 +127,13 @@ army.getDescription();
 Program output:
 
 ```java
-This is the Elven castle!
-This is the Elven king!
-This is the Elven Army!
+This is the elven castle!
+This is the elven king!
+This is the elven Army!
 ```
 
-Now, we can design a factory for our different kingdom factories. In this example, we created FactoryMaker, responsible for returning an instance of either ElfKingdomFactory or OrcKingdomFactory.  
-The client can use FactoryMaker to create the desired concrete factory which, in turn, will produce different concrete objects (Army, King, Castle).  
+Now, we can design a factory for our different kingdom factories. In this example, we created `FactoryMaker`, responsible for returning an instance of either `ElfKingdomFactory` or `OrcKingdomFactory`.  
+The client can use `FactoryMaker` to create the desired concrete factory which, in turn, will produce different concrete objects (derived from `Army`, `King`, `Castle`).  
 In this example, we also used an enum to parameterize which type of kingdom factory the client will ask for.
 
 ```java
@@ -178,8 +179,8 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 Use the Abstract Factory pattern when
 
-* The system should be independent of how its products are created, composed and represented
-* The system should be configured with one of multiple families of products
+* The system should be independent of how its products are created, composed, and represented
+* The system should be configured with one of the multiple families of products
 * The family of related product objects is designed to be used together, and you need to enforce this constraint
 * You want to provide a class library of products, and you want to reveal just their interfaces, not their implementations
 * The lifetime of the dependency is conceptually shorter than the lifetime of the consumer.
@@ -195,13 +196,13 @@ Example use cases
 * Unit test case writing becomes much easier
 * UI tools for different OS
 
-## Consequences:
+## Consequences
 
 * Dependency injection in java hides the service class dependencies that can lead to runtime errors that would have been caught at compile time.
 * While the pattern is great when creating predefined objects, adding the new ones might be challenging.
-* The code becomes more complicated than it should be, since a lot of new interfaces and classes are introduced along with the pattern.
+* The code becomes more complicated than it should be since a lot of new interfaces and classes are introduced along with the pattern.
 
-## Tutorial
+## Tutorials
 
 * [Abstract Factory Pattern Tutorial](https://www.journaldev.com/1418/abstract-factory-design-pattern-in-java) 
 

abstract-factory/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/App.java

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
  *
  * <p>The essence of the Abstract Factory pattern is a factory interface ({@link KingdomFactory})
  * and its implementations ( {@link ElfKingdomFactory}, {@link OrcKingdomFactory}). The example uses
- * both concrete implementations to create a king, a castle and an army.
+ * both concrete implementations to create a king, a castle, and an army.
  */
 @Slf4j
 public class App implements Runnable {
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ public class App implements Runnable {
 
   @Override
   public void run() {
-    LOGGER.info("Elf Kingdom");
+    LOGGER.info("elf kingdom");
     createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
     LOGGER.info(kingdom.getArmy().getDescription());
     LOGGER.info(kingdom.getCastle().getDescription());
     LOGGER.info(kingdom.getKing().getDescription());
 
-    LOGGER.info("Orc Kingdom");
+    LOGGER.info("orc kingdom");
     createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ORC);
     LOGGER.info(kingdom.getArmy().getDescription());
     LOGGER.info(kingdom.getCastle().getDescription());

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfArmy.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class ElfArmy implements Army {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven Army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven army!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfCastle.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class ElfCastle implements Castle {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven castle!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/ElfKing.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class ElfKing implements King {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Elven king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the elven king!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcArmy.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class OrcArmy implements Army {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc Army!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc army!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcCastle.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class OrcCastle implements Castle {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc castle!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc castle!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/OrcKing.java

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.abstractfactory;
  */
 public class OrcKing implements King {
 
-  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the Orc king!";
+  static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is the orc king!";
 
   @Override
   public String getDescription() {

abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AbstractFactoryTest.java

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 /**
- * Test for abstract factory.
+ * Tests for abstract factory.
  */
 class AbstractFactoryTest {
 
   private final App app = new App();
 
   @Test
-  void king() {
+  void verifyKingCreation() {
     app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
     final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  void castle() {
+  void verifyCastleCreation() {
     app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
     final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  void army() {
+  void verifyArmyCreation() {
     app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
     final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  void createElfKingdom() {
+  void verifyElfKingdomCreation() {
     app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ELF);
     final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class AbstractFactoryTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  void createOrcKingdom() {
+  void verifyOrcKingdomCreation() {
     app.createKingdom(Kingdom.FactoryMaker.KingdomType.ORC);
     final var kingdom = app.getKingdom();
 

abstract-factory/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/abstractfactory/AppTest.java

@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 
 /**
- * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
- *
- * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
- * throws an exception.
+ * Check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App} throws an exception.
  */
 class AppTest {
     

active-object/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Active Object
 folder: active-object
 permalink: /patterns/active-object/
 categories: Concurrency
+language: en
 tags:
  - Performance
 ---
@@ -122,4 +123,4 @@ Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam an
 
 ## Class diagram
 
-![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.PNG "Active Object class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.png "Active Object class diagram")

active-object/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

acyclic-visitor/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Acyclic Visitor
 folder: acyclic-visitor
 permalink: /patterns/acyclic-visitor/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
  - Extensibility
 ---

acyclic-visitor/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>

adapter/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Adapter
 folder: adapter
 permalink: /patterns/adapter/
 categories: Structural
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ Use the Adapter pattern when
 * you need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing every one. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
 * most of the applications using third party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
 
-## Consequences:
+## Consequences
 Class and object adapters have different trade-offs. A class adapter
 
 *	adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ An object adapter
 *	makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
 
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.Arrays#asList()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html#asList%28T...%29)
 * [java.util.Collections#list()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#list-java.util.Enumeration-)

adapter/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

aggregator-microservices/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Aggregator Microservices
 folder: aggregator-microservices
 permalink: /patterns/aggregator-microservices/
 categories: Architectural
+language: en
 tags:
 - Cloud distributed
 - Decoupling

aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 	<artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>

aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 	<artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>

aggregator-microservices/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.24.0</version>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>

ambassador/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Ambassador
 folder: ambassador
 permalink: /patterns/ambassador/
 categories: Structural
+language: en
 tags:
   - Decoupling
   - Cloud distributed

ambassador/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 	<artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>

api-gateway/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: API Gateway
 folder: api-gateway
 permalink: /patterns/api-gateway/
 categories: Architectural
+language: en
 tags:
   - Cloud distributed
   - Decoupling

api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>api-gateway-service</artifactId>

api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>image-microservice</artifactId>

api-gateway/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>

api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

arrange-act-assert/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Arrange/Act/Assert
 folder: arrange-act-assert
 permalink: /patterns/arrange-act-assert/
 categories: Idiom
+language: en
 tags:
  - Testing
 ---

arrange-act-assert/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

async-method-invocation/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Async Method Invocation
 folder: async-method-invocation
 permalink: /patterns/async-method-invocation/
 categories: Concurrency
+language: en
 tags:
  - Reactive
 ---

async-method-invocation/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

balking/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Balking
 folder: balking
 permalink: /patterns/balking/
 categories: Concurrency
+language: en
 tags:
  - Decoupling
 ---

balking/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

bridge/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Bridge
 folder: bridge
 permalink: /patterns/bridge/
 categories: Structural
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary indepen
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Consider you have a weapon with different enchantments, and you are supposed to allow mixing 
 > different weapons with different enchantments. What would you do? Create multiple copies of each 
@@ -160,27 +161,36 @@ public class SoulEatingEnchantment implements Enchantment {
 Here are both hierarchies in action:
 
 ```java
+LOGGER.info("The knight receives an enchanted sword.");
 var enchantedSword = new Sword(new SoulEatingEnchantment());
 enchantedSword.wield();
 enchantedSword.swing();
 enchantedSword.unwield();
-// The sword is wielded.
-// The item spreads bloodlust.
-// The sword is swinged.
-// The item eats the soul of enemies.
-// The sword is unwielded.
-// Bloodlust slowly disappears.
 
+LOGGER.info("The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.");
 var hammer = new Hammer(new FlyingEnchantment());
 hammer.wield();
 hammer.swing();
 hammer.unwield();
-// The hammer is wielded.
-// The item begins to glow faintly.
-// The hammer is swinged.
-// The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
-// The hammer is unwielded.
-// The item's glow fades.
+```
+
+Here's the console output.
+
+```
+The knight receives an enchanted sword.
+The sword is wielded.
+The item spreads bloodlust.
+The sword is swung.
+The item eats the soul of enemies.
+The sword is unwielded.
+Bloodlust slowly disappears.
+The valkyrie receives an enchanted hammer.
+The hammer is wielded.
+The item begins to glow faintly.
+The hammer is swung.
+The item flies and strikes the enemies finally returning to owner's hand.
+The hammer is unwielded.
+The item's glow fades.
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram

bridge/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Hammer.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class Hammer implements Weapon {
 
   @Override
   public void swing() {
-    LOGGER.info("The hammer is swinged.");
+    LOGGER.info("The hammer is swung.");
     enchantment.apply();
   }
 

bridge/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bridge/Sword.java

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public class Sword implements Weapon {
 
   @Override
   public void swing() {
-    LOGGER.info("The sword is swinged.");
+    LOGGER.info("The sword is swung.");
     enchantment.apply();
   }
 

builder/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Builder
 folder: builder
 permalink: /patterns/builder/
 categories: Creational
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
@@ -15,11 +16,11 @@ process can create different representations.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > Imagine a character generator for a role-playing game. The easiest option is to let the computer 
 > create the character for you. If you want to manually select the character details like 
-> profession, gender, hair color etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
+> profession, gender, hair color, etc. the character generation becomes a step-by-step process that 
 > completes when all the selections are ready.
 
 In plain words
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ anti-pattern.
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all we have our hero that we want to 
+The sane alternative is to use the Builder pattern. First of all, we have our hero that we want to 
 create:
 
 ```java
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ Use the Builder pattern when
 * The algorithm for creating a complex object should be independent of the parts that make up the object and how they're assembled
 * The construction process must allow different representations for the object that's constructed
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.lang.StringBuilder](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuilder.html)
 * [java.nio.ByteBuffer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/ByteBuffer.html#put-byte-) as well as similar buffers such as FloatBuffer, IntBuffer and so on.

builder/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>builder</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

business-delegate/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Business Delegate
 folder: business-delegate
 permalink: /patterns/business-delegate/
 categories: Structural
+language: en
 tags:
  - Decoupling
 ---

business-delegate/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

bytecode/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Bytecode
 folder: bytecode
 permalink: /patterns/bytecode/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
  - Game programming
 ---

bytecode/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.24.0</version>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

caching/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Caching
 folder: caching
 permalink: /patterns/caching/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
   - Performance
   - Cloud distributed

caching/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>caching</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

callback/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Callback
 folder: callback
 permalink: /patterns/callback/
 categories: Idiom
+language: en
 tags:
  - Reactive
 ---

callback/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>callback</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

chain-of-responsibility/README.md

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 ---
 layout: pattern
 title: Chain of responsibility
-folder: chain
-permalink: /patterns/chain/
+folder: chain-of-responsibility
+permalink: /patterns/chain-of-responsibility/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
 
 ## Intent
+
 Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to 
 handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object 
 handles it.
 
 ## Explanation
 
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > The Orc King gives loud orders to his army. The closest one to react is the commander, then 
-> officer and then soldier. The commander, officer and soldier here form a chain of responsibility.
+> an officer, and then a soldier. The commander, officer, and soldier form a chain of responsibility.
 
 In plain words
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 
 **Programmatic Example**
 
-Translating our example with the orcs from above. First we have the `Request` class:
+Translating our example with the orcs from above. First, we have the `Request` class:
 
 ```java
 public class Request {
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ public enum RequestType {
 }
 ```
 
-Then the request handler hierarchy
+Next, we show the request handler hierarchy.
 
 ```java
 @Slf4j
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ public class OrcCommander extends RequestHandler {
 
 ```
 
-Then we have the Orc King who gives the orders and forms the chain
+The Orc King gives the orders and forms the chain.
 
 ```java
 public class OrcKing {
@@ -135,18 +137,26 @@ public class OrcKing {
 }
 ```
 
-Then it is used as follows
+The chain of responsibility in action.
 
 ```java
 var king = new OrcKing();
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle")); // Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner")); // Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
-king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax")); // Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner"));
+king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax"));
+```
+
+The console output.
+
+```
+Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
+Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
+Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
 ```
 
 ## Class diagram
 
-![alt text](./etc/chain.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
+![alt text](./etc/chain-of-responsibility.urm.png "Chain of Responsibility class diagram")
 
 ## Applicability
 
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ Use Chain of Responsibility when
 * You want to issue a request to one of several objects without specifying the receiver explicitly.
 * The set of objects that can handle a request should be specified dynamically.
 
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.util.logging.Logger#log()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/logging/Logger.html#log%28java.util.logging.Level,%20java.lang.String%29)
 * [Apache Commons Chain](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-chain/index.html)

chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
-  <artifactId>chain</artifactId>
+  <artifactId>chain-of-responsibility</artifactId>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>

circuit-breaker/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Circuit Breaker
 folder: circuit-breaker
 permalink: /patterns/circuit-breaker/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
   - Performance
   - Decoupling

circuit-breaker/pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.24.0</version>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>circuit-breaker</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

cloud-static-content-hosting/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Static Content Hosting
 folder: cloud-static-content-hosting
 permalink: /patterns/cloud-static-content-hosting/
 categories: Cloud
+language: en
 tags:
 - Cloud distributed
 ---

collection-pipeline/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Collection Pipeline
 folder: collection-pipeline
 permalink: /patterns/collection-pipeline/
 categories: Functional
+language: en
 tags:
  - Reactive
 ---

collection-pipeline/pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>collection-pipeline</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

combinator/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Combinator
 folder: combinator
 permalink: /patterns/combinator/
 categories: Idiom
+language: en
 tags:
  - Reactive
 ---

combinator/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
   <artifactId>combinator</artifactId>

command/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Command
 folder: command
 permalink: /patterns/command/
 categories: Behavioral
+language: en
 tags:
  - Gang of Four
 ---
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients wit
 requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations.
 
 ## Explanation
-Real world example
+Real-world example
 
 > There is a wizard casting spells on a goblin. The spells are executed on the goblin one by one.
 > The first spell shrinks the goblin and the second makes him invisible. Then the wizard reverses
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ public class Goblin extends Target {
 }
 ```
 
-Finally we have the wizard in main function who casts spell
+Finally, we have the wizard in the main function casting spells.
 
 ```java
 public static void main(String[] args) {
@@ -201,32 +202,29 @@ Use the Command pattern when you want to:
 * Parameterize objects by an action to perform. You can express such parameterization in a
 procedural language with a callback function, that is, a function that's registered somewhere to be
 called at a later point. Commands are an object-oriented replacement for callbacks.
-* Specify, queue, and execute requests at different times. A Command object can have a lifetime
+* Specify, queue, and execute requests at different times. A Command object can have a life
 independent of the original request. If the receiver of a request can be represented in an address
 space-independent way, then you can transfer a command object for the request to a different process
 and fulfill the request there.
 * Support undo. The Command's execute operation can store state for reversing its effects in the
 command itself. The Command interface must have an added un-execute operation that reverses the
 effects of a previous call to execute. The executed commands are stored in a history list.
-Unlimited-level undo and redo is achieved by traversing this list backwards and forwards calling
-un-execute and execute, respectively.
+Unlimited-level undo and redo functionality is achieved by traversing this list backward and forward 
+  calling un-execute and execute, respectively.
 * Support logging changes so that they can be reapplied in case of a system crash. By augmenting the
 Command interface with load and store operations, you can keep a persistent log of changes.
-Recovering from a crash involves reloading logged commands from disk and re-executing them with
+Recovering from a crash involves reloading logged commands from the disk and re-executing them with
 the execute operation.
 * Structure a system around high-level operations build on primitive operations. Such a structure is
-common in information systems that support transactions. A transaction encapsulates a set of changes
-to data. The Command pattern offers a way to model transactions. Commands have a common interface,
+common in information systems that support transactions. A transaction encapsulates a set of data
+changes. The Command pattern offers a way to model transactions. Commands have a common interface,
 letting you invoke all transactions the same way. The pattern also makes it easy to extend the
 system with new transactions.
+* Keep a history of requests.
+* Implement callback functionality.
+* Implement the undo functionality.
 
-## Typical Use Case
-
-* To keep a history of requests
-* Implement callback functionality
-* Implement the undo functionality
-
-## Real world examples
+## Known uses
 
 * [java.lang.Runnable](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Runnable.html)
 * [org.junit.runners.model.Statement](https://github.com/junit-team/junit4/blob/master/src/main/java/org/junit/runners/model/Statement.java)

command/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>command</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

command/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/command/App.java

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.command;
 /**
  * The Command pattern is a behavioral design pattern in which an object is used to encapsulate all
  * information needed to perform an action or trigger an event at a later time. This information
- * includes the method name, the object that owns the method and values for the method parameters.
+ * includes the method name, the object that owns the method, and values for the method parameters.
  *
  * <p>Four terms always associated with the command pattern are command, receiver, invoker and
  * client. A command object (spell) knows about the receiver (target) and invokes a method of the

commander/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ title: Commander
 folder: commander
 permalink: /patterns/commander/
 categories: Concurrency
+language: en
 tags:
  - Cloud distributed
 ---
@@ -24,4 +25,4 @@ We need a mechanism in place which can handle these kinds of situations. We have
 
 ## Credits
 
-* [https://www.grahamlea.com/2016/08/distributed-transactions-microservices-icebergs/]
+* [Distributed Transactions: The Icebergs of Microservices](https://www.grahamlea.com/2016/08/distributed-transactions-microservices-icebergs/)

commander/pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.24.0</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>commander</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

composite-entity/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+---
+layout: pattern
+title: Composite Entity
+folder: composite-entity
+permalink: /patterns/composite-entity/
+categories: Structural
+language: en
+tags:
+ - Enterprise Integration Pattern
+---
+
+## Intent
+
+It is used to model, represent, and manage a set of persistent objects that are interrelated, rather than representing them as individual fine-grained entities. 
+
+## Explanation
+
+Real world example
+
+> For a console, there may be many interfaces that need to be managed and controlled. Using the composite entity pattern, dependent objects such as messages and signals can be combined together and controlled using a single object.
+
+In plain words
+
+> Composite entity pattern allows a set of related objects to be represented and managed by a unified object.
+
+**Programmatic Example**
+
+We need a generic solution for the problem. To achieve this, let's introduce a generic 
+Composite Entity Pattern.
+
+```java
+public abstract class DependentObject<T> {
+
+  T data;
+
+  public void setData(T message) {
+    this.data = message;
+  }
+
+  public T getData() {
+    return data;
+  }
+}
+
+public abstract class CoarseGrainedObject<T> {
+
+  DependentObject<T>[] dependentObjects;
+
+  public void setData(T... data) {
+    IntStream.range(0, data.length).forEach(i -> dependentObjects[i].setData(data[i]));
+  }
+
+  public T[] getData() {
+    return (T[]) Arrays.stream(dependentObjects).map(DependentObject::getData).toArray();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+The specialized composite entity `console` inherit from this base class as follows.
+
+```java
+public class MessageDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
+
+}
+
+public class SignalDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
+
+}
+
+public class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject extends CoarseGrainedObject<String> {
+
+  @Override
+  public String[] getData() {
+    super.getData();
+    return new String[]{
+        dependentObjects[0].getData(), dependentObjects[1].getData()
+    };
+  }
+
+  public void init() {
+    dependentObjects = new DependentObject[]{
+        new MessageDependentObject(), new SignalDependentObject()};
+  }
+}
+
+public class CompositeEntity {
+
+  private final ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
+
+  public void setData(String message, String signal) {
+    console.setData(message, signal);
+  }
+
+  public String[] getData() {
+    return console.getData();
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Now managing the assignment of message and signal objects with the composite entity `console`.
+
+```java
+var console = new CompositeEntity();
+console.init();
+console.setData("No Danger", "Green Light");
+Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
+console.setData("Danger", "Red Light");
+Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
+```
+
+## Class diagram
+
+![alt text](./etc/composite_entity.urm.png "Composite Entity Pattern")
+
+## Applicability
+
+Use the Composite Entity Pattern in the following situation:
+
+* You want to manage multiple dependency objects through one object to adjust the degree of granularity between objects. At the same time, the lifetime of dependency objects depends on a coarse-grained object.
+## Credits
+
+* [Composite Entity Pattern in wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_entity_pattern)

composite-entity/etc/composite-entity.urm.puml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+@startuml
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity {
+  class App {
+     + App(message: String, signal: String)
+     + main(args : String[]) {static}
+  }
+  class CompositeEntity{
+      - console : ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject
+      + CompositeEntity()
+      + setData(message: String, signal: String)
+      + getData()
+      + init()
+    }
+  abstract CoarseGrainedObject{
+    - dependentObjects : DependentObject[]
+    + CoarseGrainedObject()
+    + setData(data: T[])
+    + getData()
+  }
+  abstract DependentObject{
+      - data : T
+      + DependentObject()
+      + setData(data: T)
+      + getData()
+  }
+  class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject{
+      + ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject()
+      + getData()
+      + init()
+  }
+  class MessageDependentObject{
+          + MessageDependentObject()
+  }
+  class SignalDependentObject{
+            + SignalDependentObject()
+  }
+
+  MessageDependentObject --|> DependentObject
+  SignalDependentObject  --|> DependentObject
+  ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject --|> CoarseGrainedObject
+  CompositeEntity -right-> ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject
+  CoarseGrainedObject "1" o--> "0.." DependentObject
+  App .right.> CompositeEntity
+}
+@enduml

composite-entity/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+
+    The MIT License
+    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+
+-->
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>composite-entity</artifactId>
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <configuration>
+                            <archive>
+                                <manifest>
+                                    <mainClass>com.iluwatar.composite-entity.com.iluwatar.compositeentity.App</mainClass>
+                                </manifest>
+                            </archive>
+                        </configuration>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/App.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+
+/**
+ * Composite entity is a Java EE Software design pattern and it is used to model, represent, and
+ * manage a set of interrelated persistent objects rather than representing them as individual
+ * fine-grained entity beans, and also a composite entity bean represents a graph of objects.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class App {
+
+
+  /**
+   * An instance that a console manages two related objects.
+   */
+  public App(String message, String signal) {
+    var console = new CompositeEntity();
+    console.init();
+    console.setData(message, signal);
+    Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
+    console.setData("Danger", "Red Light");
+    Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Program entry point.
+   *
+   * @param args command line args
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+    new App("No Danger", "Green Light");
+
+  }
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/CoarseGrainedObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+
+/**
+ * A coarse-grained object is an object with its own life cycle manages its own relationships to
+ * other objects. It can be an object contained in the composite entity, or, composite entity itself
+ * can be the coarse-grained object which holds dependent objects.
+ */
+
+public abstract class CoarseGrainedObject<T> {
+
+  DependentObject<T>[] dependentObjects;
+
+  public void setData(T... data) {
+    IntStream.range(0, data.length).forEach(i -> dependentObjects[i].setData(data[i]));
+  }
+
+  public T[] getData() {
+    return (T[]) Arrays.stream(dependentObjects).map(DependentObject::getData).toArray();
+  }
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/CompositeEntity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+/**
+ * Composite entity is the coarse-grained entity bean which may be the coarse-grained object, or may
+ * contain a reference to the coarse-grained object.
+ */
+
+public class CompositeEntity {
+
+  private final ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
+
+  public void setData(String message, String signal) {
+    console.setData(message, signal);
+  }
+
+  public String[] getData() {
+    return console.getData();
+  }
+
+  public void init() {
+    console.init();
+  }
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+/**
+ * A specific CoarseGrainedObject to implement a console.
+ */
+
+public class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject extends CoarseGrainedObject<String> {
+
+  @Override
+  public String[] getData() {
+    return new String[]{
+        dependentObjects[0].getData(), dependentObjects[1].getData()
+    };
+  }
+
+  public void init() {
+    dependentObjects = new DependentObject[]{
+        new MessageDependentObject(), new SignalDependentObject()};
+  }
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/DependentObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+/**
+ * It is an object, which can contain other dependent objects (there may be a tree of objects within
+ * the composite entity), that depends on the coarse-grained object and has its life cycle managed
+ * by the coarse-grained object.
+ */
+
+public abstract class DependentObject<T> {
+
+  T data;
+
+  public void setData(T message) {
+    this.data = message;
+  }
+
+  public T getData() {
+    return data;
+  }
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/MessageDependentObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+/**
+ * The first DependentObject to show message.
+ */
+
+public class MessageDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
+
+}

composite-entity/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/SignalDependentObject.java

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+/**
+ * The second DependentObject to show message.
+ */
+
+public class SignalDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
+
+}

composite-entity/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/compositeentity/AppTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+/**
+ * com.iluwatar.compositeentity.App running test
+ */
+class AppTest {
+
+  /**
+   * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
+   * <p>
+   * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link
+   * App#main(String[])} throws an exception.
+   */
+
+  @Test
+  void shouldExecuteApplicationWithoutException() {
+
+    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
+
+  }
+}